• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.313-316
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• 1994

Usually the persistence of ventricular activity in Tc-99m DTPA cisternography is deter mined using 24 hour images in our country. However, the 24 hour image is regarded as an in-sufficient data by many investigators. They prefer 48 hour image. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of 48 hour delayed imaging in Tc-99m DTPA cisternography. We performed 48 hour cisternography using Tc-99m DTPA in 38 patients with known hydrocephalus. 37-111 MBq (1-3mCi) of Tc-99m DTPA were injected by lumbar puncture. Anterior and both lateral Images were obtained at 2, 6, 24 and 48 hours. The classification of hydrocephalus was done at 24 and 48 hours by two independent nuclear medicine physicians. The 48 hour images were interpretable in all cases. In seven patients, the clearance of ventricular activity was noted only on 48 hours images. Therefore, their classification was changed from type W to type III. Sixteen of 38 patients were underwent shunt operations. Clinical improvement was noted in 13 patients(1/1 of type II, 3/6 of type III 8/9 of type IV). One case who showed a changing pattern from IV to IIIa showed no clinical improvement after shunt operation. In conclusion, the 48 hour delayed imaging was feasible and useful technique in Tc-99m DTPA cisternography.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2002

Purpose: Ultrasonography and $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography were validated as useful diagnostic tools for primary breast cancer. However, ultrasound has the problem of low specificity. We compared the diagnostic usefulness of ultrasound with $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This study included 174 patients who had ultrasound and $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography peformed on breast masses from 1999 to 2000. The pathologic results were obtained by surgery or FNAB. Results: Among the 174 patients, malignant breast disease numbered 117 and benign breast disease numbered 57. Ultrasound revealed 88 TP, 9 FN, 8 FP, 34 TN, and 35 indeterminate cases. $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography revealed 91 TP, 25 FN, 9 FP, and 48 TN. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Ultrasound were 66.7%, 44.2%, 67.2%, and 43.6% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography were 77.8%, 84.2%, 91%, and 64.9% respectively. Among the 35 indeterminate ultrasound cases, $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ scintimammography revealed 13 TP, 15 TN, and 7 FP Conclusion: $^{99m}-Tc-MIBI$ Scintimammography was more sensitive and specific than ultrasound for the detection of primary breast cancer and provided more useful information in cases of indeterminate ultrasound findings.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1060-1065
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• 2006

Non-invasive evaluation of liver function in animal models remains a challenge. Hepatoscintigraphy provides information about changes in liver size and shape, and enables to understand general liver function. Futhermore it is readily used to diagnosis complications of liver transplantation like hepatitis, rejections and biliary complications. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of evaluating the liver function in miniature pigs with $^{99m}Tc-Tin$ colloid and $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ which are the most commonly used radiopharmaceuticals in human medicine. In result, $^{99m}Tc-Tin$ colloid was uptaked in lung, liver, gastric wall and kidney in miniature pigs. And $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ showed continuous uptake images of heart, lung, liver, gallbladder and duodenum, and it was similar to human's. Therefore we could conclude $^{99m}Tc-Tin$ colloid would not be suitable for evaluating hepatic function because of it's nonspecific affinity, however $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ scintigraphy would be an effective method for detecting hepatobiliary function in miniature pigs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

본 연구는 랫드에서 Freund's complete adjuvant를 랫드의 후지에 투여하여 인의적으로 유발된 관절염을 진단하기 위한 방법으로 $^{99m}Technetium-MDP (^{99m}Tc_MDP$)을 이용한 골 스캔의 임상적 의의를 찾고자 하였다. 성숙 Sprague-Dawley 암컷 랫드를 대조군과 실험군으로 분리하고, 골의 스캔은 0.05mCi의 $^{99m}Tc_MDP$를 정맥 주사하여 3시간 후에 전신 영상을 얻었다. 골의 스캔과 방사선학적 평가를 비교한 겨과 관절염 유발 7일 후부터 관절염의 병변이 관찰되었지만, 방사선학적 소견에서는 14일 후부터 병변이 관찰되었다. 골의 스캔에서 관절염 유발 7일 후에 유의적으로 골의 이상적 섭취 증각가 관찰되었고(p<0.05), 21일 후에는 전지와 후지의 모든 부위에서 골의 이상적 섭취 증가가 관찰되었지만, 방사선학적 소견에서는 후지에서만 병변 부위가 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과에서 $^{99m}Tc_MDP$을 이용한 골의 스캔은 류마티스 관절염을 임상적으로 진단하는데 방사선학적 진단보다 효과적인 방법임을 알 수가 있었고, 골의 스캔은 류마티스 관절염을 초기에 진단하는데 유효한 진단방법임을 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.61-66
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• 2009

Purpose: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered as the best overall index for the level of renal function, diagnosis of doubtful kidney disease, progress observation from chronic kidney disease and is measured with the various methods. In this study, We measured standard GFR by Gates method and attempted to compare the result with serum creatinin-based, Cockcroft-Gault(C-G) formula and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. Materials and methods: 217 patients (127 men, 90 women, mean age $51.3{\pm}16.9$) with various renal function were examined. we compared the GFR using $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA (Gates), C-G formula and MDRD formula. Results: Significant correlations were noted between 2 different GFR estimates (from C-G formula: r=0.864, p<0.0001, MDRD formula: r=0.831, p<0.0001) and $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA (Gates) GFR. Average of serum creatinine (Scr) was measured with $3.0{\pm}3.1\;mg/dL$, In patients with normal renal function (Scr<1.5 mg/dL), $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA (Gates) GFR was statistically significant to C-G formula (p<0.0001) and MDRD formula (p<0.0001). In patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency (1.5$^{99m}Tc$-DTPA (Gates) GFR was not statistically significant to C-G formula (p=0.181) and MDRD formula (p=0.127). In patients with severe renal insufficiency (Scr>4.0mg/dL), $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA (Gates) GFR was statistically significant to C-G formula and MDRD formula (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Glomerular filtration rate using Gates method was closly correlated to C-G formula and MDRD formula. In patients with normal renal function, $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA (Gates) GFR was significantly lower than C-G formula and MDRD formula. In patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency, $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA (Gates) GFR was simmilar with C-G formula and MDRD formula. In patients with severe renal insufficiency, $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA (Gates) GFR was significantly higher than C-G formula and MDRD formula. None of the three different methods was clearly superior to the others.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 1998

Purpose: Piccolo et al. advocated the usefulness of $^{99m}Tc$-MDP breast scan in differential diagnosis of breast mass with high accuracy. But there are little or no follow-up studies about it as we know. We studied $^{99m}Tc$-MDP uptake pattern and lesion/background ratio in patients complaining palpable breast lesions to evaluate the clinical usefulness of $^{99m}Tc$-MDP scan. Materials and Methods: Total 34 patients were studied with physical examination, mammo-gram and $^{99m}Tc$-MDP scan prospectively. Anteroposterior and both lateral view of breast were obtained 5 minutes after iv injection of 740 MBq $^{99m}Tc$-MDP. Breast uptake pattern of $^{99m}Tc$-MDP was analyzed by a grade system: 0=no uptake, grade 1=bilateral diffuse uptake, grade 2=asymmetric faint uptake, grade 3=focal hot uptake. 20 cases were pathologically confirmed by excision biopsy or aspiration biopsy. 14 cases were normal in physical examination and mammogram. Results: Pathologic results showed 7 carcinomas, 6 benign solid tumors, and 7 fibrocystic changes. Grade 3 pattern of $^{99m}Tc$-MDP uptake was noted in 4/7 carcinomas, 3/6 benign solid tumors, and 1/7 fibrocystic changes. Grade 2 pattern was 217, 0/7, 3/7 respectively. The average L/B ratio was 1.66 in carcinomas, 1.68 in benign solid masses, 1.20 in fibrocystic diseases, 1.05 in normal patients. L/B ratio was higher in carcinoma and benign mass groups than in fibrocystic change and normal control groups(p=0.005). But there was no statistical difference between L/B ratio of malignant mass group and benign mass group. Conclusion: $^{99m}Tc$-MDP scan is not suitable to routine clinical use for breast mass diagnosis. It might be used in limited conditions when whole body bone scan is planned.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

To estimate the finger dose absorbed by $^{99m}Tc$ injection, simulations are carried out to calculate the dose equivalent of each finger per second with radioactivity of 370 MBq, based on the GEANT4 simulator. For the $^{99m}Tc$ source of the volume of 0.4mL and the radioactivity of 370 MBq, we obtained the dose equivalent of the right thumb ($0.29\;{\mu}Sv{\cdot}sec^{-1}$), the right index finger ($1.19\;{\mu}Sv{\cdot}sec^{-1}$), the right middle finger ($1.07\;{\mu}Sv{\cdot}sec^{-1}$), the left thumb ($4.36\;{\mu}Sv{\cdot}sec^{-1}$), and the left index finger ($3.37\;{\mu}Sv{\cdot}sec^{-1}$), respectively. This simulation results may serve as a useful data in the prediction of finger dose absorbed by $^{99m}Tc$ injection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4255-4261
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to evaluate radioimmunoimaging (RII) and in vivo distribution of mixed antibodies $^{99m}Tc$-EGFR-mAb and $^{99m}Tc$-CD44-mAb in nude mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts. Single and mixed applications of the two radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were compared. Direct labeling of $^{99m}Tc$ was applied to radiolabel the EGFR and CD44 mAbs. The properties of the radiolabeled antibodies were then characterized. RII and assessment of the distribution of the antibodies in nude mice bearing lung adenocarcinoma xenografts were achieved by applying separate and combined doses of $^{99m}Tc$-EGFR-mAb and $^{99m}Tc$-CD44-mAb. The labeling rates of $^{99m}Tc$ for EGFR-mAb and CD44-mAb were $91.5%{\pm}3.8%$ and $92.3%{\pm}4.1%$ respectively, with specific activities of 2.8 and $2.9MBq/{\mu}g$, respectively, and radiochemical purities (RCP) of 96.5% and 96.2%. The radioactivity uptake of the combined application of both radiolabeled antibodies was clearly higher than with a single application of either alone. The relative values of target-to-nontarget (T/NT) measured through the regional interest (ROI) technique were $5.59{\pm}0.42$ (mixed antibodies), $2.78{\pm}0.20$ ($^{99m}Tc$-EGFR-mAb), and $2.28{\pm}0.16$ ($^{99m}Tc$-CD44-mAb) in the RII. The body distribution of the radiolabeled antibodies and their imaging results were basically identical. Application of the mixed antibodies with $^{99m}Tc$-EGFR-mAb and $^{99m}Tc$-CD44-mAb can increase the radioactivity uptake of tumor tissue, leading to more ideal target-to-nontarget ratios, and therefore superior results.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.526-532
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• 1995

Introduction : $^{99m}Tc$-(V)-DMSA is a tumor seeking agent that has been used to image medullary carcinoma of thyroid, soft tissue sarcoma and lung cancer. This study was designed to assess the clinical role of $^{99m}Tc$-(V)-DMSA in the diagnosis of head and neck cancers. We has evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of planar and SPECT imaging using $^{99m}Tc$-(V)-DMSA. Patients and Method : Sixty-eight patients with head and neck mass were included in this study. All subjects were diagnosed by biopsy or surgery. Planar and SPECT images were obtained at 2 or 3 hour after intravenous injection of 740 MBq(20 mCi) $^{99m}Tc$-(V)-DMSA. Seventeen patients also underwent SPECT in aging using dual head camera. Result : The diagnostic sensitivity of $^{99m}Tc$-(V)-DMSA planar and SPECT imaging was 65% and 90%, and specificity was 80% and 66%, respectively. The sensitivity of planar imaging in squamous cell carcinoma was similar to overall sensitivity Six metastatic lesion were first diagnosed by scintigraphy. But benign lesions such as Kikuchi syndrome, tuberculous lymphadenitis also revealed increased uptake. Conclusion : $^{99m}Tc$-(V)-DMSA imaging seems to be a promising method in the evaluation of patients with head and neck mass. We recommend SPECT imaging to delineate anatomic localization of the lesion.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.394-397
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• 1999

Thyroid imaging was performed in 53 hyperthyroid cats with technetium-99m as pertechnetate($^{99m}TcO_{4}$). Increased radionuclide accumulation was found in all cats. Thirty-four cats had bilateral enlargements of the thyroid glands and 14 cats had unilateral enlargements. Five cats had multi-focal accumulation of $^{99m}TcO_{4}$ in the ventral neck or mediastinum. Conclusively, nuclear thyroid image is useful method in diagnosis of feline hyperthyroidism.