• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2007

Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MPCs) were isolated from porcine umbilical cord blood (UCB) and their morphology, proliferation, cell cycle status, cell-surface antigen profile and expression of hematopoietic cytokines were characterized. Their capacity to differentiate in vitro into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes was also evaluated. Primary cultures of adherent porcine MPCs (pMPCs) exhibited a typical fibroblast-like morphology with significant renewal capacity and proliferative ability. Subsequent robust cell growth was indicated by the high percentage of quiescent (G0/G1) cells. The cells expressed the mesenchymal surface markers, CD29, CD49b and CD105, but not the hematopoietic markers, CD45 and CD133 and synthesized hematopoietic cytokines. Over 21 days of induction, the cells differentiated into osteocytes adipocytes and chondrocytes. The expression of lineage specific genes was gradually upregulated during osteogenesis, adipogenesis and chondrogenesis. We conclude that porcine umbilical cord blood contains a population of MPCs capable of self-renewal and of differentiating in vitro into three classical mesenchymal lineages.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.4 s.131
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• pp.343-351
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• 2002

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in the arteries. Monocyter/macrophages are involved in many aspects of the development of atherosclerotic plaques. It is known that the intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) expressed preferentially on endothelial cells of atherosclerotic plaque, promotes local adhesion and transendothelial migration of monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Using the human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell line, we investigated the inhibitory effects of methanol extracts of 175 natural plants on ICAM-1/LFA-1 mediated cell adhesion. Eight kinds of methanol extracts of tested plants inhibited PMA-induces homotypic aggregationof HL-60 cells without cytotoxicity at the concentration of $6.25\;{\mu}g/ml$. They were divided two fractions of $CHCI_3$ and $H_2O$ to use solvent partition. Among them, $CHCI_3$ extract $(1.0\;{\mu}g/ml)$ of Saururus chinensis and Chloranthus japonicus singificantly inhibited aggregation of HL-60 cells without cytotoxicity, respectively.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 2012

Adult stem cell transplantation has been increased every year, because of the lack of organ donors for regenerative medicine. Therefore, development of reliable and safety cryopreservation and bio-baking method for stem cell therapy is urgently needed. The present study investigated safety of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) such as common cryoprotectant on porcine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (pBM-MSCs) by evaluating the activation of Caspase-3 and -7, apoptosis related important signal pathway. pBM-MSCs used for the present study were isolated density gradient method by Ficoll-Paque Plus and cultured in A-DMEM supplemented 10% FBS at $38.5^{\circ}C$ in 5% $CO_2$ incubator. pBM-MSCs were cryopreserved in A-DMEM supplemented either with 5%, 10% or 20% DMSO by cooling rate at $-1^{\circ}C$/min in a Kryo 360 (planner 300, Middlesex, UK) and kept into $LN_2$. Survival rate of cells after thawing did not differ between 5% and 10% DMSO but was lowest in 20% DMSO by 0.4% trypan blue exclusion. Activation of Caspase-3 and -7 by Vybrant FAM Caspase-3 and -7 Assay Assay Kit (Molecular probes, Inc.OR, USA) was analyzed with a flow cytometer. Both of cryopreserved and control groups (fresh pBM-MSCs) were observed after the activation of Caspase-3 and -7. The activation did not differ between 5% and 10% DMSO, but was observed highest in 20% DMSO. Therefore 5% DMSO can be possibly used for cell cryopreservation instead of 10% DMSO.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.467-475
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• 2024

ρ-Hydroxyacetophenone is an important and versatile compound that has been widely used in medicine, cosmetics, new materials, and other fields. At present, there are two ways to obtain ρ-hydroxyacetophenone. One is to extract it from plants, such as Artemisia capillaris Thunb and Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid, and the other is to synthesize it by using chemical methods. Of these two methods, the second is the main one, although it has problems, such as flammable and explosive reagents, difficult separation of by-products, and harsh reaction conditions. To solve these issues, we adopted genetic engineering in this study to construct engineered Escherichia coli containing Hped gene or EbA309 gene. Whole-cell biotransformation was conducted under the same conditions to select the engineered E. coli with the higher activity. Orthogonal tests were conducted to determine the optimal biotransformation condition of the engineered E. coli. The results showed that the optimal condition was as follows: substrate concentration of 40 mmol/l, IPTG concentration of 0.1 mmol/l, an induction temperature of 25℃, and a transformation temperature of 35℃. Under this condition, the effects of transformation time on the ρ-hydroxyacetophenone concentration and cell growth were further studied. We found that as the transformation time extended, the ρ-hydroxyacetophenone concentration showed a gradually increasing trend. However, when the ρ-hydroxyacetophenone concentration increased to 1583.19 ± 44.34 mg/l in 24 h, cell growth was inhibited and then entered a plateau. In this research, we realized the synthesis of ρ-hydroxyacetophenone by biotransformation, and our findings lay a preliminary foundation for further improving and developing this method.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.246-251
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to evaluate an efficacy about activation on macrophage, using model that measured cell viability, nitric oxide (NO), iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) expression and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) on Raw 264.7 cells following treatment of Germanium-fortified Yeast in 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, $200\;{\mu}g/ml$ and the same concentration of dried yeast without germanium. Cell viability (%) and NO produced in activated-macrophage were dose-dependant, a significant increase of the cell viability (132.5%) and NO in $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ (p < 0.05). Increase in iNOS level was in $10\;{\mu}g/ml$. $TNF-{\alpha}$ was produced dose-dependant, e.g. in activated-macrophage with a significant increase of the $TNF-{\alpha}$ in 5 and $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ (p < 0.05). Therefore, Germanium-fortified Yeast had an efficacy of NO mediated iNOS and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production by activated macrophage. This result showed that Germanium-fortified Yeast induced activation of cellular immunity, returned to normalcy on injured immune system and procured anticancer system by activation of macrophage, which was important in immune and anticancer function.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 1996

Sex differentiation in the rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, was studied by using a histological method for the appearance of primordial germ cell, formation of primitive gonad and differentiation of female and male. The primordial germ cells were buried under fibrous mesenchymal tissue between gut and mesonephric duct of pre-larva with a total length (TL) of 6.3 mm at 2 days after parturition. In juvenile of TL $5.2\~5.9cm$ at 65 days after parturition, the gonad composed of a large number of genial cell and formed of cavity along the lateral side of the gonad, differentiated to the ovary. At this time, the gonad formed seminiferous tubules by somatic cells, differentiated to the testis. In juvenile of TL $7.0\~7.2cm$ cm at 115 days after parturition, gonads divided into testis contained pigment cell and ovary absent pigment cell. S. schlegeli differentiated directly into male or female without an intermediate female phase at early indifferentiated stage. Therefore, S. schlegeli belongs to the differentiated type of gonochoristic teleosts. At 350 days after parturition, sex ratio was approximately 1 : 1(p>0.05).

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.251-255
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• 2007

This study was carried out to examine on developmental competence of Hanwoo embryos cultured in vitro according to culture conditions and freezing methods. The in vitro developmental competence to blastocyst stage at Day 8 of culture in SOF was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in CR1aa (30.3% vs. 18.4%). The in vitro developmental rate of morula and blastocysts cultured in group culture was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in individual culture (41.4% and 36.0% vs. 21.1% and 10.5%, respectively). The cell number of Day 8 blastocysts in group culture was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in the individual culture ($120.1{\pm}12.8\;vs.\;94.1{\pm}12.1$, respectively). The survival rates of frozen-thawed balstocysts that were exposed in 1.5 M ethylene glycol or 1.5 M ethylene glycol containing 0.1 M sucrose were 77.5% and 78.7%, respectively. The survival rates of blastocysts cultured for 48 h in slow freezing and vitrification was not significantly different (73.3 and 74.0%). In conclusion, in vitro developmental competence of bovine embryos was influenced on the culture medium (SOF) and culture method (Group culture). Survival rate of frozen-thawed of bovine embryos was not influenced on freezing solutions and freezing methods.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.761-766
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• 2007

Purpose : Post-lumbar puncture headache is common complaint. A study of post-diagnostic lumbar puncture headache in children is rare. Various factors that might influence the occurrence of postdiagnostic lumbar puncture headache in children exist. The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the frequency and risk factors for post-diagnostic lumbar puncture headache in children. Methods : From March 2005 to February 2006, 44 patients with suspected meningitis were enrolled. Patients were received diagnostic lumbar puncture at the Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea. We evaluated age, sex, previous headache history, number of puncture attempts, volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pressure of CSF, cell count in CSF, final diagnosis, and the frequency and duration of headaches. Results : Of the 44 patients (mean age $7.36{\pm}2.04$, range 4-13 years), 16 patients (36.4%, male 13/33, 39.4%, female 3/11, 27.2%) had headache. The frequency of headaches was significantly higher in patients with previous headache history compare to those without previous headache history (P= 0.037). The mean of cell count of CSF was significantly higher in patients with post-lumbar puncture headache (P=0.012). The other factors did not influence the post-diagnostic lumbar puncture headache. Conclusion : Post-diagnostic lumbar puncture headache in children was more common than other studies. The factors that influence post-diagnostic lumbar puncture headache in children are previous headache history and cell count in CSF.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.683-689
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• 2006

This study was established to investigate the effect of germanium-fortified yeasts on the serum lipid composition and immune system of human body. All 50 subjects with the age range of $50{\sim}75$ were entered in this clinical trial for 6 months. The effects were determined by the proliferative responses of immune-mediated cells, T-cell, B-cell and NK-cell during daily supplementation with/without germanium-fortified yeast. The results of hematology and blood chemistry didn't show any significant differences during administration periods. Serum lipid compositions also didn't show any significant differences during administration periods except triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-cholesterol. TG and VLDL-cholesterol levels were increased significantly by the consumption of germanium-fortified yeast (p<0.05). Immune mediated T-celt and NK-cell didn't increased in both control and test group supplemented with germanium fortified yeast, while B-cell increased in the germanium fortified yeast group after 8 week (p<0.05). Also $TNF-{\alpha}$ increased in the group of germanium fortified yeast after 8 week (p<0.05) but not in the control group. From the above results, germanium fortified yeast is expected to be useful on the improvement of the cellular immune response and protection of organs from various chronic diseases.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 1991

In order to improve the productivity of ethanol by sugar-alcohol-tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae D1, the effect of addition of $Ca^{2+}$ on the alcohol fermentation was investigated. The addition of $Ca^{2+}$led to both the improvement of ethanol productivity and the increase of viable cell concentration. The optimal concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ was 0.8 mM. The higher was initial concentration of glucose, the greater effect of $Ca^{2+}$ was observed. Ethanol inhibition of growth, specific death rate in lethal concentration of ethanol, and extracellular final pH decreased by the addition of $Ca^{2+}$. The effect of $Ca^{2+}$ supplementation was explained by the increase of its ethanol tolerance.