• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.232-241
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• 1996

This study was designed to compare the effect of different dietary fats on plasma lipids, the degree of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in RBC and liver rats treated with or wighout 1, 2-dimethylhydrazing (DMH). Male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks-old, were divided into control and DMH-treated grous, and each group was again subdivided into four were perilla oil (PO), blend fat (BF) containing ten different kinds of dietary oil, beef tallow (BT), corn oil (CO). At the same time, each rat was injected intramusculary with saline(for control) or DMH twice a week for 6 weeks to give total dose of 180 mg/kg body weight. Compared with BT feeding, BF reduced plasma total choesterol level and PO and Co reduced plasma TG levels (p<0.05). DMH injection decreased plasma cholesterol in all dietary groups. However, PO decreased tocopherol levels and increased TBARS levels in RBC compared to BT. The degree of hemolysis in PO group was higher than that of BT group (p<0.05 only in control group. Fatty acid composition of hepatic microsome was reflected by dietary fatty acid profile. The peroxidizability index and TBARS level in hepatic micorsome were significantly increased but tocopherol level was lowered in PO group compared to BT group. Activites of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in RBC and hepatic cytosol were not influenced y dietary fats and DMH treatment(p<0.05). Overall, perilla oil rich in $\omega$3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid could be a very important dietary source in reducing plasma lipids and blend fat was also good dietary oil mixture in reducing plasma cholesterol. However, the degree of lipid peroxidation was greater in tissue by perilla oil feeding and it is very difficult to use only perilla oil as oil source for meal preparation, so that it could be suggested to use more perilla oil and fish to give an equal effect of blend fat in order to reduce the risk factors against cardiovascular disease.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.193.1-193.1
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• 2014

This study was to investigate the electronic structure and optical properties of Na doped into NiO thin film using XPS and REELS. The films were grown by electron beam evaporation with varying the annealing temperature. The relationship between the electrical characteristics with the local structure of NiO thin films was also discussed. The x-ray photoelectron results showed that the Ni 2p spectra for all films consist of Ni 2p3/2 which indicate the presence of Ni-O bond from NiO phase and for the annealed film at temperature above $200^{\circ}C$ shows the coexist Ni oxide and Ni metal phase. The reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy spectra showed that the band gaps of the NiO thin films were slightly decreased with Na-doped into films. The Na-doped NiO showed relatively low resistivity compared to the undoped NiO thin films. In addition, the Na-doped NiO thin films deposited at room temperature showed the best properties, such as a p-type semiconducting with low electrical resistivity of $11.57{\Omega}.cm$ and high optical transmittance of ~80% in the visible light region. These results indicate that the Na doping followed by annealing process plays a crucial in enhancing the electrical and optical properties of NiO thin films. We believe that our results can be a good guide for those growing NiO thin films with the purpose of device applications, which require deposited at room temperature.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.496-502
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• 1999

In this study, n-GaN samples were etched using planar inductively coupled $Cl_2$/$H_2$plasmas and the effects of plasma conditions on the etch properties, surface composition, and ohmic contact formation were investigated as a function of gas combination. As the addition of hydrogen to the $Cl_2$plasma increased to 100%, GaN etch rates decreased due to the reduction of chlorine radical density. Even though the variation of the surface composition is limited under $50\AA$, the surface composition was also changed from Ga-rich to N-rich with the increased addition of hydrogen to $Cl_2$. Etch products by the reaction between Ga in GaN and Cl in $Cl_2$ plasma were investigated using OES analysis during the GaN etching. The value of specific resistivity of the contact formed on the n-GaN etched using 100% $Cl_2$plasma was 3.1$\times$10\ulcorner$\Omega$$\textrm{cm}^2$, and which was lower than that formed on the non-etched n-GaN. However, the resistively was increased with the increased hydrogen percent in $Cl_2$/$H_2$.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2009

Using an evaporation system, $SiO_2$ was deposited as a buffer layer between a PET substrate and a ITO layer and then ITO/$SiO_2$/PET layers were annealed for 1.5 hours at the temperature of $180^{\circ}C$. Adhesion and electro-optical properties of ITO films were studied with thickness variance of a $SiO_2$ buffer layer. As a result of introduction of the $SiO_2$ buffer layer, sheet resistance and resistivity increased and a ITO film with optimum sheet resistance ($529.3{\Omega}/square$) for an upper ITO film of resistive type touch panel could be obtained when $SiO_2$ of $50{\AA}$ was deposited. And it was found that ITO films with $SiO_2$ buffer layer have higher transmittance of $88{\sim}90%$ at 550 nm wavelength than ITO films with no buffer layers and the transmittance was enhanced as $SiO_2$ thickness increased from $50{\AA}$ to $100{\AA}$. Adhesion property of ITO films with $SiO_2$ buffer layers became better than ITO films with no buffer layers and this property was independent of $SiO_2$ thickness variance ($50{\sim}100{\AA}$). By depositing a $SiO_2$ buffer layer of $50{\AA}$ on the PET substrate and sputtering a ITO thin film on the layer, a ITO film with enhanced adhesion, electro-optical properties could be obtained.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2013

An agar-hydrolyzing marine bacterium, strain GNUM08120, was isolated from Sargassum fulvellum collected from Yeongil bay of East Sea of Korea. The isolate was Gram-negative, aerobic, motile with single polar flagellum, and grew at 1-10% NaCl, pH 5.0-8.0, and $15-37^{\circ}C$. G+C content and the predominant respiratory quinone were 46.13 mol% and Q-8, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were Summed feature 3 (24.5%), $C_{16:0}$ (21.7%), and $C_{18:1}{\omega}7c$ (12.5%). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA hybridization analyses, strain GNUM08120 was identified as a novel subspecies of Alteromonas macleodii, designated Alteromonas macleodii subsp. GNUM08120. Production of agarase by strain GNUM08120 was likely repressed by the effect of carbon catabolite repression caused by glucose. The crude agarase prepared from 12-h culture broth of strain GNUM08120 exhibited an optimum pH and temperature for agarase activity at 7.0 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. The crude enzyme produced (neo)agarobiose, (neo)agarotetraose, and (neo)agarohexaose as the hydrolyzed product of agarose.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

A eukaryotic microalga was isolated from seawater in Janghang Harbor, Korea and its morphological, molecular, and physiological characteristics were investigated. Due to its simple morphology, no distinctive characters were found by morphological observation, such as light microscope or scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM). However, molecular phylogenetic evidence inferred from the concatenated small subunit (SSU) 18S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data indicated that the isolate belonged to the newly described Micractinium singularis. Furthermore, it was clustered with Antarctic Micractinium strains and it also showed a psychrotolerant property, surviving at temperatures as low as 5℃. However, its optimal growth temperatures range from 15℃ to 25℃, indicating that this microalga is a mesophile. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis showed that the isolate was rich in nutritionally important omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC) revealed that the high-value antioxidant lutein was biosynthesized as an accessory pigment by this microalga, with glucose as the major monosaccharide. Therefore, in this study, a Korean marine M. singularis species was discovered, characterized, and described. It was subsequently added to the national culture collections.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.666-671
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• 2008

This study was undertaken to define the effect of ChungGongGo extract on norepinephrine-induced arterial contraction in rabbit. In order to investigate the effect of ChungGongGo extract on rabbit's contracted vascular ring detached from common carotid artery, vascular ring with intact or damaged endothelium was used for the experiment using organ bath. To analyze the mechanism of ChungGongGo extract-induced relaxation, ChungGongGo extract was infused into contracted vascular ring which had been pretreated by $N{\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine(L-NNA), Methylene blue(MB), and $Ca^{2+}$ was infused into contracted vascular ring induced by NE or KCl after treatment of ChungGongGo in $Ca^{2+}$-free solution. The results were as follows: ChungGongGo extract had an effective relaxation to the contracted vascular ring by NE in 1.0mg/ml and 0mg/ml level. ChungGongGo extract had an effective relaxation to the intact endothelium vascular ring, but when endothelium was removed, vascular ring did not relax. ChungGongGo extract-induced relaxation was inhibited by the pretreatment of L-NNA and MB. Pretreatment of ChungGongGo extract inhibit the contraction by influx of extra-$Ca^{2+}$ in contracted vascular ring induced by NE in $Ca^{2+}$-free solution. As mentioned above, we suggest that ChungGongGo relaxes vascular ring through suppress influx of extra-cellular $Ca^{2+}$ by the action of nitric oxide from endothelium.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2008

Nitric oxide (NO) affects the growth and development of plants and also affects plant responses to various stresses. Because NO induces root differentiation, we examined whether or not it is involved in increased ROS generation. Treatments with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), a specific NO scavenger, and $N{\omega}-nitro-{\text\tiny{L}}-arginine$ methyl ester hydrochloride (${\text\tiny{L}}-NAME$), an NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, revealed that NO is involved in the adventitious root growth of mountain ginseng. Supply of an NO donor, SNP, activates NADPH oxidase activity, resulting in increased generation of $O_2{^{{\cdot}-}}$, which subsequently induces growth of adventitious roots. Moreover, treatment with diphenyliodonium chloride (DPI), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, individually or with SNP, inhibited root growth, NADPH oxidase activity, and $O_2{^{{\cdot}-}}$ anion generation. Supply of the NO donor, SNP, did not induce any notable isoforms of enzymes; it did, however, increase the activity of pre-existing bands of NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes induced by SNP supply seems to be responsible for a low level of $H_2O_2$ in the adventitious roots of mountain ginseng. It was therefore concluded that NO-induced generation of $O_2{^{{\cdot}-}}$ by NADPH oxidase seems to have a role in adventitious root growth of mountain ginseng. The possible mechanism of NO involvement in $O_2{^{{\cdot}-}}$ generation through NADPH oxidase and subsequent root growth is discussed.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 1996

The study was designed to observe the effects of different dietary fat consumed in Korea with those of three other fats on colonic epithelial cell phospholipid and phosphatidyl inositol composition, which were known as biomarker for colon cancer. Male Sprague Dawley rats, at 7 weeks of age, were divided into control and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) -treated group that was again subdivided into four groups. The experimental diets contained one of four dietary fats at 15%(w/w) level, those were, blend fat(BF), beef tallow(BT), corn oil (CO) or perilla oil (PO) At the same time, each rat was injected nth saline for control group or DMH twice a week for 6 weeks to five total dose of 180 mg/kg body weight. Dietary fatty acid composition influenced the fatty acid compositions of tissues. Proportions of C18:2 colonic mucosal phospholipid well reflected dietary level of C18:2 showing in decending CO>BF>PO> BT. The percentage of C20:4 in phospholipid was the higher in CO and BT groups and the lowest in PO groups. Incorporation of -linolenic acid in colonic mucosal lipid In perilla oil group was negatively correlated to the content of C20:4. Therefore, $\omega$3-linolenic acid rich in perilla oil could be a very important dietary source in controlling arachidonic acid level in colon epithelial cell. Therefore it could be recommend to use more perilla oil in meal preparation to reduce the risk factor against colon cancer.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2008

This study was undertaken to define the effect of Polygoni cuspidatae Radix on contracted rabbit common carotid artery and its mechanism. In order to investigate the effect of Polygoni cuspidatae Radix on rabbit's contracted vascular ring detached from common carotid artery, vascular ring with intact or damaged endothelium was used for the experiment using organ bath. To analyze the mechanism of Polygoni cuspidatae Radix-induced relaxation, Polygoni cuspidatae Radix extract was infused into contracted vascular ring which had been pretreated by $N{\omega}-nitro-L-arginine(L-NNA)$, Methylene blue(MB), and $Ca^{2+}$ was infused into contracted vascular ring induced by NE or KCl after treatment of Polygoni cuspidatae Radix extract in $Ca^{2+}-free$ solution. The results were as follows : Polygini cuspidatae Radix had an effective relaxation to the contracted vascular ring by NE in 0.1 mg/ml and 0.3 mg/ml level. Polygini cuspidatae Radix had an effective relaxation to the intact endothelium vascular ring, but when endothelium was removed, vascular ring did not relax. Polygini cuspidatae Radix-induced relaxation was inhibited by the pretreatment of L-NNA and MB. Pretreatment of Polygini cuspidatae Radix extract inhibit the contraction by influx of $extra-Ca^{2+}$ in contracted vascular ring induced by NE or KCl in $Ca^{2+}-free$ solution. As mentioned above, we suggest that Polygini cuspidatae Radix relaxes vascular ring through suppress influx of extra-cellular $Ca^{2+}$ by the action of nitric oxide from endothelium.