• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제23권7호
• /
• pp.477-491
• /
• 1990

To observe the effect of dietary n6 linoleic acid, n6 gamma-linolenic acid and n3 alphalinolenic acid aon plasma lipid composition and platelet aggregation, twenty college women were divided into 4 groups and treated for 2 weeks with experimental diets supplying fat at 23% cal which were different only in fatty acid composition. Dietary fat was corn oil(CO) as a source of n6 linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil(PO) for n3 alpha-linolenic acid(ALA) and evenign primrose oil(EPO) for n6 gamma-linolenic acid(GLA). Plasma cholesterol level was slightly decreased by PL(13.5g) but significantly increased by equal amount of CO. However, there was similar hypocholeaterolemic effect when double amount of CO(27.0g), was supplemented. Therefore, total fat unsaturation may be more important factor for plasma cholesterol-lowering effect than the structure of fatty acid itself. Plasma cholesterol level was not lowered by supplement of GLA in CO diet. There was similar trend in hypotriglyceridemic effect by PO and CO as in plasma cholesterol. Plasma TG level was rather increased but not significantly by GLA supplement to CO diet. Overall, plasma lipid-lowering effect was greater by ALA than LA and GLA effect was not greater than by LA. GLA supplement did not significantly improve lipid compositions to prevent against CHD. There was no significant change both in fatty acid composition in platelet and ADP-induced platelet aggregation by GLA supplement to corn oil diet and by ALA in PO diet in young women.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 1995

120 fungal strains producing Y-linolenic acid (GLA) were isolated from 100 soil samples, and among these, the most suitable one for the production of GLA was identified as Fusarium sp. JK-02. The content of total lipid and dry cell weight was 620mg 1100m1 and 63.5mg 1100m1, respectively. The production of GLA was 10.2% of the total fatty acids.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.636-640
• /
• 1990

For a studyon the production of ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid(GLA) by fungi 3 fungal strains were isolated from soil. Their cell growth lipid content and fatty acid composition were compared in shake flask culture. Among these fungi the fungus designated as FA-007 has high lipid content(21.1%) and GLA content(15.6% of total fatty acids) The fungal strain FA-007 was tentatively identified as Mucor sp. on the basis of morphological characteristics, Fungal oil produced by this fungus was composed of 75.2% neutral lipid 5.3% glycolipid and 19.5% phospholipid. Although the GLA content in phospholipid was higher than it in neutral lipid the GLA content in neurtal lipid was high as 15.5%.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.446-458
• /
• 2008

Essential fatty acids (EFA) are fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet because they can not be biosynthesized by human or animals. Gamma fatty acids contain gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHGLA, 20:3n-6) as intermediate metabolites of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6), which is an EFA found in vegetable oils. GLA is an important essential fatty acid that is required by human and animals to function normally. Recently, studies have indicated that GLA may be an essential component of the cell membrane, as well as an active component of dietary supplements and medicine. GLA must beadministered through the diet because it is converted into DHGLA in the body quickly and completely. DHGLA is a key material involved in the metabolism of LA. GLA is biosysthesized by the rate limiting step of ${\Deltac}^6$-desaturase, which is an enzyme that desaturates LA, there by allowing it to be converted into DHGLA via chain elongation. In addition, DHGLA exerts bioactive effects via action as a precursor of eicosanoid series 1. Breast milk contains an abundant amount of GLA; however, GLA is also available directly in evening primrose oil, black currant seed oil, borage oil and hemp seed oil. In addition, GLA enriched animal and plant can be produced using biotechnology, and highly pure GLA can be extracted using supercritical fluids, such as supercritical carbon dioxide, which will allow economically feasible production of GLA for use in medicines.

• 식물조직배양학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.111-114
• /
• 1995

지치 (Lithospermum erythorhizon SIEB, et ZUCC)의 잎조직으로부터 유도한 캘러스를 현탁배양하여 약리성 지방산인 ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid (GLA)를 생산하는 기술을 확립하고자 탄소원, 질소원, 생장조절제의 영향을 조사하였다. 캘러스 유도는 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D 단용첨가시 가장 왕성하였다. Sucrose 88mM농도에서 세포생육이 가장 왕성하고 총지방산(TFA)중 GLA비율이 높아 단위건물중당 TFA함량이 가장 낮았음에도 flask당 GLA생산량은 가장 많았다. 질소원으로서 potassium nitrate농도증가는 세포생장 및 지방산함 량 및 GLA함량을 증가시켰으며 최고 처리농도인 56.3 mM 에서 최고수준을 나타냈다. IAA 첨가는 배양세포 생장량을 증가시켰고 2,4-D는 배양세포내의 총지방산 함량을 높이는 결과를 나타내었으나, kinetin과 BA는 세포생육에 저해적 영향을 나타냈다. $10^{-7}$ M ABA는 캘러스생장을 유의적으로 증가시켰으며 TFA 및 GLA함량도 증가시켰으나 현탁배양세포의 생육과 지방산 축적에는 저해적으로 작용하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.641-645
• /
• 1990

In order to study the influence of culture conditions on cell growth and lipid formation by Mucor sp, various carbon and nitrogen sources initial pH and C./N ratio of medium were investigated. Glucose was found to be suitable carbon source in terms of lipid yield and ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid(GLA) content. When NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4 were used as nitrogen source lipid content was high(19-21%) but GLA content was low(15-17%) On the other hand when NaNO3 and KNO3 were used lipid content was low(about 13%) but GLA content was high(22-23%). The highest production of lipid was obtained at a C/N ratio of 40 using glucose and (NH4)2SO4 as carbon and nitrogen source respectively. it was found that lipid yield was high at pH4.6 Also this fungus did not grow at 35$^{\circ}C$ and lipid yield was highr at 15$^{\circ}C$ than $25^{\circ}C$.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.176-178
• /
• 1990

한국에서 자생군락이 비교적 큰 3지역에서 채집한 달맞이꽃 종자의 필수 지방산을 Capillary column gas chromatography로 분석하였다. 각 지방산의 조성 함량은 palmitic acid가 6.19-6. 73%, stearic acid가 1.84-l.99%, oleic acid 가 6.73-9.10%, linoleic acid가 74.41-75.53%이었다. 특히 prostaglandin의 전구체인 GLA는 청주가 9.14%, 제천이 9.32%이고, 안동이 8.31%이었다. 따라서 한국의 자생 달맞이꽃은 GLA자원으로 유용한 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권11호
• /
• pp.1646-1654
• /
• 2005

The present study was carried out to develop cholesterol-reduced and gamma linolenic acid (GLA)-added butter and to examine the changes in chemical and sensory properties, and cholesterol lowering effect of GLA addition. The cholesterol removal rate reached 93.2% by $\beta$-cyclodextrin in butter before GLA addition. The thiobarbituric acid value of cholesterol-reduced and GLA-added butter increased slowly up to 4 week and plauteaued thereafter. TBA value was significantly increased with 2% GLA addition, compared with no GLA addition. The production of short-chain free fatty acids (FFA) increased with storage in all treatments. From 4 weeks storage, the amount of short-chain FFA in 2% GLA-added group was significantly higher than those in other groups. Among sensory characteristics, color, greasiness and overall acceptability were mostly affected by GLA addition, however, the rancidity value of 2% GLA addition was significantly different from those of control and GLA-unadded and cholesterol-reduced butter at 0, 6 and 8 week storage. Among groups, no difference was found in texture in all storage periods. The smallest increase of total blood cholesterol in rats was found in the group fed 2% GLA-added and cholesterol-reduced butter for 8 week, compared with that in controls. The present results showed the possibility of cholesterol-reduced and GLA-added butter development without much difference in chemical, rheological and sensory properties, and indicated a slow increase effect on blood total cholesterol in rats.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.64-69
• /
• 1991

Mucor sp. KCTC 8405P 균주를 이용하여 초산나트륨이 $\gamma$-linolenic acid (GLA) 생산에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고 또한, 균체지질을 세포외로 분비시키기 위하여 비이온성 계면활성제를 처리하여 그 효과를 조사하였다. 2 초산나트륨을 첨가하는 경우 균체성장과 균체 총질함량을 16g/l와 4.77g/l로 증가시킬 수 있었고 이때 총지질에 대한 GLA 함량은 13.8를 나타내었다. 초산나트륨을 첨가하는 경우 배지의 초기 pH에 따라 균체성장이 크게 영향을 받는데 이것은 배지 주의 초산의 영향 때문인 것으로 추정되며 22mM 이상의 초산농도에서는 균체성장이 거의 일어나지 않았다. 초산나트륨을 첨가한 배지에서 용존산소의 공급을 감소시킴에 따라 균체성장과 총지질함량 및 GLA 함량이 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 균체지질을 세포 밖으로 분비시키기 위하여 여러가지 비이온성 계면활성제를 처리하여 보았는데 0.5 Tween 80, Span 80을 처리할 때 최고 193 mg/l, 263 mg/l의 GLA를 세포외로 분비시킬 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.539-544
• /
• 2008

A mutant of Arthrospira platensis PCC 9108, strain M9108, obtained by mutagenesis with UV treatment, was able to mixotrophically grow in an SOT medium containing 40 g of glucose/l. The biomass and specific growth rate of strain M9108 (4.10 g/l and 0.70/d) were 1.9-fold and 1.4-fold higher, respectively, than those of the wild type (2.21 g/l and 0.58/d) under mixotrophic culture condition. In addition, when compared with the wild type, the content of ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid (GLA) in the mutant was increased when glucose concentration was increased. Compared with the wild type, the GLA content of the mutant was 2-fold higher in autotrophic culture and about 3-fold higher in mixotrophic culture. Thus, the mutant appears to possess more efficient facility to assimilate and metabolize glucose and to produce more GLA than its wild-type strain.