• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 1999

$^{15}N$-Isotope concentrations of groundwater from l4 wells with different land-use types in Kyonggi Province were measured to investigate the nitrate contamination sources. Water samples were collected monthly from January to December 1997 and analyzed for pH. PC, anions (fluoride, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, inorganic phosphate, and bicarbonate), and canons (calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium). For the analysis of the $^{15}N/^{14}N$ ratio as ${\delta}^{15}N$, $N_2$ samples were prepared through Kjeldahl-Rittenberg method and were analyzed using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (VG Optima IRMS). Reproducibility of the method and precision of the IRMS were below 1.0‰ and 0.1‰, respectively. The ionic composition of each groundwater sample was only slightly different according to the land-use type. The nitrate concentrations of groundwater in cropland or livestock farming areas were higher than those in the residential area. The percentages of nitrate to total anions of groundwater samples from the livestock farming area were higher than those of other areas. The ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of ammonium sulfate, urea, groundwater sample in the non-contaminated area, and water from the animal manure septic tank were -2.7, 1.4, 5.5, and 27.2‰, respectively. Based on the ${\delta}^{15}N$ values, the sources of nitrate could be classified as originated from chemical fertilizers with ${\delta}^{15}N$ values below 5% and as from animal manure or municipal waste with ${\delta}^{15}N$ values over 10‰. In most cases, contamination sources investigated from ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of groundwater samples were correlated with the specific sources according to the land-use types. However, some ${\delta}^{15}N$ values did not matched the apparent land-use types, and there were seasonal variations of ${\delta}^{15}N$ values within the same well. These results suggest that the groundwater quality was affected by two or more contamination sources and the contribution of each source to the groundwater quality varied depending on the sampling season.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1989.11a
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• pp.273-277
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• 1989

This paper concerns to drive Induction Motor with open delta winding, and improve general performance, speed response, operation region and flexibility of control, etc. And a control algorithm, which reduces large zero-phase current at this operation, is presented.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.174-178
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 일명 델타변환 무정전전원장치(UPS)로서 알려져 있는 3상 라인 인터랙티브 UPS 시스템의 성능 시험에 대해서 다루고 있다. 델타변환 UPS는 종래의 단일 변환 라인 인터랙티브 UPS 시스템에서 직렬 인덕터를 제거하고 직렬 및 병렬 PWM 컨버터를 사용하는 새로운 라인 인터랙티브 UPS 시스템으로 전원 전류를 직접 제어함으로써 UPS 시스템의 입출력 특성들이 상당히 개선되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 여기서는 UPS 시스템의 성능 시험에서 중요한 내용들인 부하시험, 정전/복전시험, 동기절체 시험 등에 대한 결과들을 제시하고 델타변환 UPS 시스템에 대한 전반적인 평가를 한다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.109-110
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• 2016

영구자석 동기 전동기(PMSM)의 결선방법에 따라 전동기의 전압과 전류는 그 크기와 위상에 차이가 발생한다. 따라서, 결선을 고려한 영구자석 동기 전동기의 제어가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 와이 결선과 델타 결선된 전동기의 등가회로를 모델링하고, 델타 결선된 영구자석 동기 전동기의 구동 시스템에서 직류단 션트저항을 이용한 3상 전류 추정 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안한 알고리즘의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.556-556
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• 2012

본 연구는 수지상, 망상, 분기상 등을 모의 할 수 있는 1차원 고정확도 하천흐름 해석 모형을 개발하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 복잡한 형태의 하천흐름 해석 모형 개발을 위해 기존 Fread(1973)가 수지상 하천흐름 해석을 위해 개발한 바 있는 Relaxation 알고리듬을 활용하였으며 이를 망상 및 delta 등에 적용할 수 있도록 확장하였다. 모형의 검증을 위해 한강 팔당댐 하류 한강대교 노들섬 지점에서 발생되는 유량 분기 현상을 모의하였다. 모의구간은 팔당댐~행주대교 구간이며, 대상호우는 2011년 8월 발생한 사상이다. 대상구간 내 팔당대교, 잠수교, 한강대교 수위관측소의 수위자료를 활용하여 조도계수 보정을 수행하였다. 한강대교 노들섬 구간에 대하여 망상하도를 구성하였으며 한강대교 남단과 북단에서 운영 중인 ADVM 유량관측 자료와 본 연구모형의 모의 결과를 비교 검토하였다. 추가로 HEC-RAS 모형의 입력자료를 구성하여 모의하였으며 이를 본 연구모형의 결과와 비교하였다. 이를 통해 본 연구 모형의 하도망 해석 알고리듬의 타당성을 입증하였다. 따라서 본 연구모형을 통해 복잡한 하도로 구성되는 하천 하구 지역의 흐름현상 규명이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 1973

For regulating the depth of midwater trawl nets towed at the optimum constant speed, the changes in the shape of warps caused by adding a weight on an arbitrary point of the warp of catenary shape is studied. The shape of a warp may be approximated by a catenary. The resultant inferences under this assumption were experimented. Accordingly feasibilities for the application of the result of this study to the midwater trawl nets were also discussed. A series of experiments for basic midwater trawl gear models in water tank and a couple of experiments of a commercial scale gears at sea which involve the properly designed depth control devices having a variable attitude horizontal wing were carried out. The results are summarized as follows: 1. According to the dimension analysis the depth y of a midwater trawl net is introduced by $$y=kLf(\frac{W_r}{R_r},\;\frac{W_o}{R_o},\;\frac{W_n}{R_n})$$) where k is a constant, L the warp length, f the function, and $W_r,\;W_o$ and $W_n$ the apparent weights of warp, otter board and the net, respectively, 2. When a boat is towing a body of apparent weight $W_n$ and its drag $D_n$ by means of a warp whose length L and apparent weight $W_r$ per unit length, the depth y of the body is given by the following equation, provided that the shape of a warp is a catenary and drag of the warp is neglected in comparison with the drag of the body: $$y=\frac{1}{W_r}\{\sqrt{{D_n^2}+{(W_n+W_rL)^2}}-\sqrt{{D_n^2+W_n}^2\}$$ 3. The changes ${\Delta}y$ of the depth of the midwater trawl net caused by changing the warp length or adding a weight ${\Delta}W_n$_n to the net, are given by the following equations: $${\Delta}y{\approx}\frac{W_n+W_{r}L}{\sqrt{D_n^2+(W_n+W_{r}L)^2}}{\Delta}L$$ $${\Delta}y{\approx}\frac{1}{W_r}\{\frac{W_n+W_rL}{\sqrt{D_n^2+(W_n+W_{r}L)^2}}-{\frac{W_n}{\sqrt{D_n^2+W_n^2}}\}{\Delta}W_n$$ 4. A change ${\Delta}y$ of the depth of the midwater trawl net by adding a weight $W_s$ to an arbitrary point of the warp takes an equation of the form $${\Delta}y=\frac{1}{W_r}\{(T_{ur}'-T_{ur})-T_u'-T_u)\}$$ Where $$T_{ur}^l=\sqrt{T_u^2+(W_s+W_{r}L)^2+2T_u(W_s+W_{r}L)sin{\theta}_u$$ $$T_{ur}=\sqrt{T_u^2+(W_{r}L)^2+2T_uW_{r}L\;sin{\theta}_u$$ $$T_{u}^l=\sqrt{T_u^2+W_s^2+2T_uW_{s}\;sin{\theta}_u$$ and $T_u$ represents the tension at the point on the warp, ${\theta}_u$ the angle between the direction of $T_u$ and horizontal axis, $T_u^2$ the tension at that point when a weights $W_s$ adds to the point where $T_u$ is acted on. 5. If otter boards were constructed lighter and adequate weights were added at their bottom to stabilize them, even they were the same shapes as those of bottom trawls, they were definitely applicable to the midwater trawl gears as the result of the experiments. 6. As the results of water tank tests the relationship between net height of H cm velocity of v m/sec, and that between hydrodynamic resistance of R kg and the velocity of a model net as shown in figure 6 are respectively given by $$H=8+\frac{10}{0.4+v}$$ $$R=3+9v^2$$ 7. It was found that the cross-wing type depth control devices were more stable in operation than that of the H-wing type as the results of the experiments at sea. 8. The hydrodynamic resistance of the net gear in midwater trawling is so large, and regarded as nearly the drag, that sweeping depth of the gear was very stable in spite of types of the depth control devices. 9. An area of the horizontal wing of the H-wing type depth control device was $1.2{\times}2.4m^2$. A midwater trawl net of 2 ton hydrodynamic resistance was connected to the devices and towed with the velocity of 2.3 kts. Under these conditions the depth change of about 20m of the trawl net was obtained by controlling an angle or attack of $30^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.421-430
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• 2011

Thermal conditions in practice at the traditional bronze workshop of the Korean Folk Village in Yongin were examined along with the microstructures of some high tin bronze objects made there. Laboratory experiments approximating the conditions of the workshop were also carried out and the results were compared. The operating temperature of the workshop furnace was measured to range from $750^{\circ}C$ to $850^{\circ}C$ while the surface temperature of an object, upon its removal from the furnace for additional thermo-mechanical treatments, was generally in the range of $600^{\circ}C$ to $685^{\circ}C$. This variation in working temperatures was reflected in varying microstructures developed upon quenching. The products of the Folk Village were found to consist of microstructures where the ${\alpha}$ grains of the Cu-Sn system were distributed in the background of different phases including the ${\beta}$-martensite phase, retained ${\gamma}$ phase, ${\alpha}+{\delta}$ eutectoid or their mixtures. This variability, which is also identified in objects made in ancient times as well as in our laboratory experiments, suggests that the actual thermal conditions given during the quenching treatments are much more complicated than is inferred from the temperature measurements. This paper will present detailed accounts of the thermo-mechanical treatments as observed in the high tin bronze workshop of the Korean Folk Village and discuss the evolution of varying microstructures in terms of the substantial variability involved in the implementation of the traditional forged high tin bronze technology of Korea.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.371-377
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• 2015

Isotopic compositions of precipitation have been used to understand moisture transport in the atmosphere and interactions between precipitation and groundwater. Isotopic compositions of speleothems and ice cores, so called, ''paleoarchives'', can be utilized to interpret climate of the past and global circulation models (GCMs). The GCMs are able to explain the paleoarchives, can be validated by the precipitation isotopes. The developments of stable isotope analyzers make high-resolution isotopic studies feasible. Therefore, a high-resolution study of precipitation isotopes is needed. For this study, precipitation samples were collected for every 5 to 15 minutes, depending on precipitation rates, using an auto-sampler for precipitation isotopes near coastal area. The isotopic compositions of precipitation range from -5.7‰ (-40.1‰) to -10.8‰ (-74.3‰) for oxygen (hydrogen). The slope of ${\delta}^{18}O-{\delta}D$ diagram for the whole period is 6.8, but that of each storm is 5.1, 4.2, 7.9 and 7.7, respectively. It indicates that evaporation occurred during the first two storms, while the latter two storm did not experience any evaporation. The isotopic fractionations of precipitation has significant implications for the water cycle and high-resolution data of precipitation isotopes will be needed for the future studies.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 1990

YBa$_{2}$ Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-{\delta}}$의 Ba대신 K를 일부 치환시킨 Y(Ba$_{1-x}$ , $K_{x}$ )$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{y}$ 에서 x의 값에 따른 초전도 특성의 변화를 연구하였다. XRD 무늬와 Infrared의 투과율로써 상의 변화를 관측하고 온도에 따른 전기저항의 변화를 측정함으로써 초전도성을 조사하였다. Ba 대신 K의 양이 증가할수록 Y(Ba$_{1-x}$ ,K$_{x}$)$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{y}$ 는 다중상이 되어 갔고 전기저항이 0이 되는 T$_{c}$는 점점 더 낮은 온도로 이동하다가 x.geq.0.6이 되면 초전도 특성을 잃었다.을 잃었다..

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.20 no.42
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• pp.143-149
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• 1997

먼저 Cantor dust 의 성질 및 유사성, 축소인자, 불변집합, $\delta$ - covering, Box counting 차원 등에 대한 정의를 하였다, {f_i}{\;}{{\infty}\atop{i=1}}$ 를 $R^n$ 상에서 개집합 조건을 만족시키는 축소인 자 $C_i$에 대한 유사성 이라하자. F를｛{f_i}{\;}{{\infty}\atop {i=1}}$ 에 대한 $R^n$상의 불변집합, 즉, F = $\bigcup_{i=0}^\infty{\;}f_1(F)$를 만족시키는 집합이라 하자. 이때, $\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty{\;}C^s_i{\;}=1,{\;}0{\;}<{\;}C_1{\;}<{\;}1$ 일 때, $dim{\;}_H{\;}F{\;}={\;}dim{\;}_B{\;}F{\;}={\;}s$ 임을 보임으로서, 자기동형집합의 후랙탈 차원에 대하여 논의 하고자 한다.