• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.331-338
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• 2014

Dendrobium moniliforme (DM) is a valuable and versatile herbal medicine with the anecdotal claims of antioxidant and anti-inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the whitening and anti-wrinkling effects of DM under various conditions with B16F10 melanoma cells and human dermal fibroblasts. The DM extract inhibited melanin contents and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner, compared with untreated group. Treatment of the DM extract effectively suppressed the ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated melanin formation, tyrosinase activity and dendrite outgrowth. Moreover, the ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced mRNA expressions of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2) and protein expression of tyrosinase were significantly attenuated by DM treatment. We also investigated the DM increased the production of type I procollagen and inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$-induced mRNA expressions of MMP-1, -3 in the human dermal fibroblast. These results indicate that DM may be a great cosmeceutical ingredient for its whitening and anti-wrinkle effects.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.262-267
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• 2014

Royal jelly composes of many components, especially protein. Protein is a major factor which cause allergy. We focused on water soluble royal jelly (WSRJ) that was removed allergy - inducing protein. 10-hyroxy-2-decenoic acid content of WSRJ is 2.42 g/100 g, which is double compared to that of lypophilized RJ. To further access WSRJ as a cosmetic ingredient and potential external treatment for topical use, we investigated its ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis on melanogenesis in B16F1 melanoma cells. We found that WSRJ increased the cell viability in B16F1 melanoma cell and WSRJ (1~10 mg/ml) inhibited melanin synthesis in with 10 nM ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH) for 48 h. WSRJ inhibited direct tyrosinase activity, which decreased melanin synthesis in ${\alpha}$-MSH stimulated B16F1 melanoma cells. Thease findings suggest that WSRJ induces the down regulation of melanogenesis by inhibiting tyrosinase activation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2012

In the present study, we investigated the effects of dipeptides on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. It was found that WV (Trp+Val), WM (Trp+Met), and CQ (Cys+Gln) decreased melanin production dosedependently. However, dipeptides did not directly inhibit tyrosinase activity, the rate-limiting melanogenic enzyme. Therefore, we further investigated the expression of tyrosinase. Our results showed that ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced tyrosinase expression was down-regulated by WV, WM, and CQ. Thus, we propose that WV, WM, and CQ show hypopigmentary activity through tyrosinase down-regulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2017

Myelophycus simplex Papenfuss, a type of brown algae, is known to be majorly distributed in along the southern coast of Korea and Japan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of M. simplex Papenfuss methanol extract (MSPME) on melanogenesis in ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. Melanin contents of B16F10 melanoma cells were decreased by 27, 41, and 59% in a dose-dependent manner, upon MSPME treatment at 100, 300, and $500{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Tyrosinase activities in B16F10 melanoma cells were decreased by 18, 49, and 61% in a dose-dependent manner, upon MSPME treatment at 100, 300, and $500{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. MSPME suppressed expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, tyrosinase-related protein-2, and melanocyte-inducing transcription factor in B16F10 melanoma cells. Concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$ of MSPME especially induced greater decreases in tyrosinase activity, melanin contents, and melanogenic enzyme protein expressions. This results indicate that MSPME inhibits melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity, and M. simplex Papenfuss extract may be an ideal candidate as a skin whitening agent.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2018

Ethyl linoleate is an unsaturated fatty acid used in many cosmetics for its various attributes, such as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and clinically proven to be an effective anti-acne agent. In this study, we investigated the effect of ethyl linoleate on the melanogenesis and the mechanism underlying its action on melanogenesis in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Our results revealed that ethyl linoleate significantly inhibited melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity in ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced B16F10 cells, but it did not directly inhibit activity of mushroom tyrosinase. Ethyl linoleate inhibited the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, and tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1) in governing melanin pigment synthesis. We observed that ethyl linoleate inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase $3{\beta}$ ($GSK3{\beta}$) and reduced the level of ${\beta}-catenin$, suggesting that ethyl linoleate inhibits melanogenesis through $Akt/GSK3{\beta}/{\beta}-catenin$ signal pathway. Therefore, we propose that ethyl linoleate may be useful as a safe whitening agent in cosmetic and a potential therapeutic agent for reducing skin hyperpigmentation in clinics.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.500-507
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• 2007

To investigate the possibility of development as a whitening agent using bamboo extracts (Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis), we measured DPPH assay, NBT/XO assay, intracellular ROS scavenging assay, tyrosinase assay and MSH-induced melanin production in B-16 cells. Bamboo extracts had dose-dependently anti-oxidant activity in DPPH, NBT/XO and intracellular ROS assay. Bamboo extracts appear to inhibit xanthine oxidase directly. Bamboo extracts inhibited not only purified tyrosinase activity but also inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16 melanoma cells stimulated by $1{\mu}M\;{\alpha}$-MSH. Anti-oxidant activity and cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate fraction was more potent than those of water fraction, whereas whitening effect of water fraction was stronger than ethyl acetate fraction. Therefore, these results suggest that water fraction of bamboo extracts may be useful for the development as whitening agents reducing cytotoxicity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1142-1147
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the effects of the flowers of Lespedeza bicolor on melanogenesis in a mouse melanocyte cell line, B16/F10 cells. Our results show that the flowers of Lespedeza bicolor significantly inhibits melanin synthesis in concentration-dependent manner. In addition, it was also found to inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, the rate-limiting melanogenic enzyme. While the flowers of Lespedeza bicolor have no direct inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity in cell free assay system using mushroom tyrosinase. Moreover, the flowers of Lespedeza bicolor effectively suppressed the ${\alpha}-MSH-stimulated$ melanin formation, tyrosinase activity and dendrite outgrowth. These results suggest that the flowers of Lespedeza bicolor is a potent depigmetation agent.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2013

Objective: Recently the demands for the effective and safe depigmentative and anti-aging agents of the skin have increased due to the medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic reasons. The purpose of this study is to investigate the MKG(Methanol Extract of Kaempferia galanga) and their dermal bioactivity properties related to cosmeceuticals such as depigmentation. Methods: We assessed inhibitory effects of MKG on melanin production in B16/F10 melanoma cells, on mushroom tyrosinase activity, effects of MKG on the expression tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, GSK-$3{\beta}$, CREB, MITF in B16/F10 melanoma cells without cytotoxicity range. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and tyrosinase activity was assessed using by DOPA staining, western-blot analysis. We measured inhibition of melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity by down-regulation of melanogenic enzyme expressions in ${\alpha}$-MSH induced melanogenesis B16/F10 melanoma cells. Results: MKG inhibited tyrosinase-activity, total melanin contents and dendrite out-growth. MKG inhibited melanogenesis by down-regulation of tyorsinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, CREB, and MITF in B16/F10 cells. The treatment with MKG at the 12.5, $25{\mu}g/ml$ level significantly inhibited the melanin synthesis induced ${\alpha}$-MSH in B16/F10 melanoma cells compared with untreated control. Conclusion: These results suggest that MKG inhibit melanin biosynthesis which is involved in hyper-pigmentation. So MKG is considered to be used as a whitening components reducing cytotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.706-716
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• 2016

In this study we applied the NAG obtained by the deacetylation of chitin extracted from the shells of crabs and shrimp as cosmetic ingredient. In order to compare NAG with GLC we identified the influence of cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, melanin biosynthesis formation inhibition on skin cell, and we measured the effects of the change of melanin and red spots. The results show that there was not any attentive cytotoxicity on the Raw 264.7 cell and B16F10 cell, and NO formation anti-inflammatory hindrance effect induced from Raw 264.7 by LPS was slight, and NAG suppressed the increase of melanin generation concentration-dependently after we induced the melanin generation with ${\alpha}$-MSH on B16F10 and measured the melanin biosynthesis inhibition. From this result, we identified the applicability of the cosmetics containing NAG as functional cosmetic for enhancing skin-lightening because when cream containing NAG was applied to skin the index of melanin red spots showed statistically meaningful changes.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.762-770
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to observe how Chrysanthemum Sibiricum Extract has anti-oxidant activity, cytotoxicity for skin cells, and anti-inflammatory and melanin inhibitory effects in order to find the development possibility of Chrysanthemum Sibiricum Extract as the ingredient of a functional cosmetic product. According to the analysis, Chrysanthemum Sibiricum Extract was found to have high contents of polyphenols and flavonoids and excellent DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extract had no significant cytotoxicity for Raw 264.7 cell and B16F10 cell and significantly inhibited the creation of NO induced LPS in Raw 264.7 cell so as to present anti-inflammatory effect. In B16F10 cell, melanin creation was induced with ${\alpha}$-MSH, and then melanin biosynthesis inhibition was measured. As a result, melanin creation was inhibited in the concentration dependence way. Given the results, it is considered that Chrysanthemum Sibiricum Extract is applicable as the ingredient of a functional cosmetic product that has low cytotoxicity for skin cells, high anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, and whitening effect.