• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.106 no.2
• /
• pp.186-195
• /
• 2017

This research aims to study the physiological characteristics of poplar clones in Saemanguem reclaimed land where has lower minerals and bad drainage than those in paddy field. In July and August, different poplar clones including Populus euramericana clone (Venziano and L.Avanzo) and deltoides hybrid clone (97-18 and 97-19) showed different physiological characteristics. Physiological characteristics of P. euramericana clones were better than those of P. deltoides hybrid clones. Especially, the average net photosynthetic rate ($A_{net}$) of clone Venziano were $18.62{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and $17.11{\mu}mol\;CO_2\;m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. Those were the highest numerical values among other poplar clones. On the other, the total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of P. deltoides hybrid clones were higher than those of P. euramericana clones in July. Particularly, the total chlorophyll content of clone 97-18 was $2.37mg{\cdot}g^{-1}FW$. In August, those of P. deltoides hybrid clones decreased than in July. In term of the physiological activity such as net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of P. deltoides hybrid clones were much lower in August than in July. As a result, physiological characteristics of P. euramericana Venziano clone was superior than the other clones in Short rotation coppice (SRC) in Saemanguem area.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.5033-5036
• /
• 2012

Objective: To study the relationship between expression of $p57^{KIP2}$ and prognosis and other clinicopathological parameters in invasive breast cancers. Methods: We assessed the expression of $p57^{KIP2}$ in 89 cases of invasive breast cancer and 20 cases of normal breast tissue by immunohistochemical methods and analyzed the results with SPSS software (ver. 16.0). Result: The positive expression rates of $p57^{KIP2}$ protein in the invasive breast cancers and surrounding normal tissue were 30.3% (27/89) and 65% (13/20), respectively. Cases with no $p57^{KIP2}$ expression exhibited a significantly higher post-operative distant metastasis rate than those with $p57^{KIP2}$ expression (37.9% vs. 14.8%; P = 0.01). DFS analysis showed that $p57^{KIP2}$-/C-erbB-2+ tumors also exhibited a significantly higher post-operative distant metastasis rate than the other groups (66.7% vs. 29.2%; P = 0.007), as did $p57^{KIP2}$-/p53+ tumors (64.3% vs. 22.7%; P = 0.001). Survival analysis revealed that $p57^{KIP2}$ was associated with breast cancer-specific survival overall (P = 0.045, log-rank test). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that individuals with $p57^{KIP2}$-/C-erbB-2+tumors experienced significantly worse post-operative survival than those with $p57^{KIP2}$-/C-erbB-2- or other tumors (P = 0.006, log-rank test). $p57^{KIP2}$-/p53+ tumors were associated with significantly worse post-operative survival than $p57^{KIP2}$-/p53- or other tumors (P = 0.001, log-rank test). Cox regression analysis showed that $p57^{KIP2}$ was a non-independent prognostic factor for breast cancer (P = 0.303). Conclusions: $p57^{KIP2}$ is expressed at low levels in invasive breast cancer and is associated with better overall survival rate and disease-free survival in breast cancer patients, but it was a non-independent prognostic factor for breast cancer. Thus, the connection between $p57^{KIP2}$/p53 and $p57^{KIP2}$/C-erbB-2 may provide biomarkers for breast cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2014

In order to save costs and enhance quality in construction without damaging the environment, the VE/LCC analysis method is increasingly used. This study was carried out to conduct a value analysis for the ecological restoration of a slope considering life cycle cost and performance. The construction conditions were classified into three types(A, B, C) according to the condition of each base. Three construction methods for slope ecological restoration were selected by each condition. Eventually, a value analysis was conducted for total nine conditions by analyzing the life cycle cost and performance. The gradient of slope and base of Condition 1 were below 1:1.2 and general soil, while condition 2 and 3 were below 1:1.0(reaping rock) and below 1:0.7(soft rock, blasted rock), respectively. A value analysis was conducted based on the value estimated via life cycle cost and performance analysis. The result showed that the B construction method had the highest value in Condition 1 as it showed 108.4, while A and C showed 90.3 and 45.8, respectively. When it comes to Condition 2, Construction Method A indicated the highest value as it showed 89.1(B: 47.5, C: 47.0). In Condition 3, Construction Method A(89.1) was the highest, while B and C showed 55.4 and 40.2, respectively. Based on the result of this study, in order to make a reasonable decision that can enhance quality and reduce costs in slope ecological restoration, the slope ecological restoration method must be reviewed in consideration of life cycle cost and performance.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.258-264
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to establish mass propagation system from seeds of Lavandula angustiolia Mill. Only 4% of dry seeds were germinated when they were incubated in $4^{\circ}C$. Germination rate of stratified seeds for 9 weeks was 15% higher in light than darkness. Soaking with 1000mg/l of $GA_3$ was helpful to overcome the effect of darkness. The optimal temperature for germination was $25^{\circ}C$ for the seeds that were treated with$GA_3$, solution. For the improvement of germination rates, pretreatment of $GA_3$ at 500-2000mg/l showed about 75% of germination, and in the combination treatment of $GA_3$, and BA, germination rate increased by about 10% in the treatment of 1000mg/l $GA_3+10mg/l$ BA compared with the 1000mg/l $GA_3$ treatment. Cold stratification treatment was very effective for seed germination, and over 70% of seeds were germinated when they were incubated in $4^{\circ}C$ for 9-12 weeks. In addition, there was synergic effect on the seed germination subject to stratification and 1000mg/l $GA_3$, treatment for 6 months. In the mixture of vermiculite: peatmoss (1 : 1, v/v), emergence rate was 6.7% in control and 65% in 1000mg/l $GA_3$ treatment, respectively.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2015

To determine the contents of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) for restaurant dishes, 194 cases classified 26 kinds of restaurant dishes were collected from restaurants in Seoul and were analysed using the atomic absorption spectroscopy. Average contents of Na and K in Kimchi among restaurant dishes were highest as $554.9{\pm}155.5mg/100g$, $225.1{\pm}69.1mg/100g$, while average contents of Na and K were lowest in Seolleongtang as $24.2{\pm}5.8mg/100g$, $12.7{\pm}3.9mg/100g$ respectively. The contents between Na and K in restaurant dishes had a strong correlation of positive linear judging from 0.782 (p-value < 0.01) of the correlation coefficient. The Na/K ratio of Bulgogi was appropriate as $1.17{\pm}0.44$, while those of Udon, banquet noodles, Kalguksu were very high as shown more than 10. The contents of Na and K were examined 5 dish groups as Gook/Tang, Jjigae/Jeongol, stir-fried dish, noodle and Kimchi. Average contents of Na and K classified by dish groups were significantly difference (p-value < 0.001). Average content of Na among dish groups was highest in Kimchi as $554.9{\pm}155.5mg/100g$ followed by Jjigae/Jeongol, Gook/Tang, stir-fried dish and noodle. Similar to Na content, average content of K was highest in Kimchi as $225.1{\pm}69.1mg/100g$ followed by stir-fried dish, Jjigae/Jeongol, Gook/Tang and noodle. The ratio of Na/K by classified groups of dishes was shown as significantly difference (p-value < 0.001). Stir-fried dish was $1.18{\pm}0.44$ close to 1 followed by Kimchi, Jjigae/Jeongol, Gook/Tang, and noodle.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.501-507
• /
• 2010

The aim of the current study was to analyze the diversity of the major surface protein (Msp) gene in Theileria buffeli, which is known as the major antigenic protein recognized by the immune system of the host. In addition, we characterized the diversification of the Msp gene and its relationship to with the pathogenicity of Theileria. Complete blood counts (CBC) and Theileria 18S rRNA PCR sequence analysis were performed for 177 Korean indigenous cattle (KIC) in Jeju Island. A total of 28 KIC (16 anemic and 12 non-anemic KIC) were then randomly selected based on 18s rRNA PCR positive samples for sequence analysis of the Theileria Msp gene, which was performed twice for each specimen. The resulting 56 Msp gene sequences were classified into five antigenicity types (type I to V), according to the variable region (517-571 bp), which exhibited high similarity (${\geq}$ 98.9%) to several available GenBank sequences (Theileria spp. from China-EU584237; T. sergenti from China-DQ078264; Theileria spp. from Thailand-AB081329; Theileria spp. from Japan-AB218442; T. sergenti from Japan-AB016280). The 56 Msp sequences consisted of 22, 15, 9, 8, and 2 cases of type I to type V Msp genes, respectively. The most prevalent type in both anemic and non-anemic KIC was type I (37.5% in anemic and 41.7% in non-anemic). Among the remaining types, type II was the most prevalent (37.5%) in anemic KIC, while type IV was the most prevalent (25%) in non-anemic KIC. The results of our study help confirm the diversity of Msp gene types and demonstrate that the gene type distribution of Msp genes varies among Theileria-infected KIC in Jeju Island.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.275-285
• /
• 1998

Antibody responses(IgG) to Paragonimus westermani. Clonorchis sinensis, Cysticercus cellulosae, Sparganum Anisakis simplex, Toxocara canis and Trichinella spiralis were studied. The ELISA technique was performed to determine the prevalence of above helminthic diseases. 975 cases obtained from Yanbian of China during October, 1995 to July, 1997 were examined with a positive antibody titer of 5.74% in clonorchiasis, 4.92% in paragonimiasis, 1.54% in cysticercosis. 8.51% in sparganosis, 1.85% in anisakiosis, 12.51% in toxocariasis, and 7.08% in trichinosis respectively. And 23.87% in showed positive antibody titer at least one of the seven helminths. The differences of the age and sex in the positive sera were analysed by the Chi-squared test and the level of significance accepted was p<0.05. The significant differences in positive antibody production were P.W.(p<0.01). C.S.(p<0.01), A.S.(p<0.05). T.C.(p<0.001), and T.S.(p<0.01) respectively in age groups. sparganosis(p<0.05) in sex groups. Other parasites showed that there were no significant differences among age groups and sex groups(males and females). Higher positive antibody rate of C.S. and P.W. occured in the 50-59 years old and those of T.C. and T.S. happened in the 20-29 years old. Patients of internal disease showed more positive antibody titer, that is to say, there was significant difference between positive rate of internal diseases and that of control (p<0.01. p<0.05) in 6 helminths except cysticercosis. The result showed that some cross reactions existed among nematodes, and the developed techniques(EITB) should be done for a correct diagnosis. Also the prevalence of some important helminths may be evaluated from the result and it would be a basic data for controlling parasitic diseases in Yanbian.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 2006

Objectives : To establish an effective collaborate medicine treatment of acupuncture and western medicine for treating frozen shoulder patients. Methods : 59 voluntary patients were randomly assigned to Eastern treatment group(E group, n=22), Western treatment group(W group, n=17) and East-West treatment group(EW group, n=20). The E group received acupuncture treatment on LI15, TE14, GB21 and Master Dong's acupuncture points, Shin-gwan and Gyun-joong, twice a week for 4 weeks. The W group received suprascapular nerve block, subacromial injection and trigger point injection, twice a week for 4 weeks. The EW group received acupuncture and injection treatment including nerve block All groups were instructed to practice self exercise during their daily lives. Evaluations were made before treatment and after treatment based on the change in shoulder Range of Motion(ROM) and the patient's satisfaction concerning the treatment was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). The obtained data were analyzed and compared. Results : The patient's satisfaction scores were E group 5.67, W group 7.73 and EW group 7.67. The E group and the EW group showed significant improvement in abbduction, adduction and flexion(p<0.05). The W group showed significant improvement in adduction(p<0.05). Abduction significantly improved(p<0.05) in the EW group compared to E group and W group. Flexion also showed improvement in the EW group, but the difference among the 3 groups was statistically insignificant. The three group's difference of change in extension and adduction was insignificant(p>0.05). Conclusion : Acupuncture and nerve block alone significantly improved ROM in frozen shoulder patients. Also collaborate treatment of acupuncture and nerve block significantly improved ROM in frozen shoulder patients. But the difference of the three treatments were significant only for improving abduction(p<0.05).

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.547-594
• /
• 2000

I. Introduction The essence of Oriental medicine consists of ancient books, experienced doctors and succeeded skills of common society. Many famous doctors studied medical science by their fathers or teachers. So the history of medical science is long. $\ll$DangDaeMyeongIImJeungJeongHwa(當代名醫臨證精華)$\gg$ written by SaWoogWang(史宇廣) and DanSeoGeon(單書健) has many medical experience of famous doctors. So it has important historical value. Bi(痺) means blocking. BiJeung is one kind of symptoms making muscles, bones and jonts feel pain, numbness or edema. For example it can be gout or SLE etc. So I studied ${\ll}BiJeungJuJip{\gg}$. II. Final Decision Following decisions of Chinese doctors of 20th century are as follows ; 1. JuYangChun(朱良春) emphasized on IkSinJangDok(益腎壯督) to treat BiJeong. And he devided WanBi(頑痺) as PungHanSeup(風寒濕), DamEo(痰瘀), YeolDok(熱毒), SinHeo(腎虛). He used insects for medicine. 2. ChoSuDoek(焦樹德) introduced past prescription. He used ChiBiTang(治痺湯) to treat HaengBi(行痺), TongBi(痛痺), ChakBi(着痺). He insisted that Han(寒; coldness) and Seup(濕; dampness) be Eum(陰) and Pung(風; wind) can change his character to be Eum. After all BiJeung is usually EumJeung. So he used GaeJi(桂枝) and BuJa(附子). By the way he used ChungYeolSanBiTang(淸熱散痺湯) for YeolBi, BoSinGeoHanChiWangTang SaBok(王士福) emphasized on the importance of medicine. He introduced many treatments like CheongYeol(情熱) for YeolBi and YiO(二烏) for HanBi. And he divided BiJeung period for three steps. At 1st step, we must use GeoSa(祛邪), at 2nd step, we must use BuJeong(扶正) and at 3rd step, we must use BoHyeol(補血), he insisted. And he introduced many herbs to treat BiJeung. 4. JeongGwangJeok(丁光迪) said that GaeJi(桂枝), MaHwang(麻黃), OYak(烏蘖) and BuJa(附子) are very important for TongRak(通絡). And pain usually results from Han(寒), so he liked to use hot-character herbs. 5. MaGi(馬志) insisted that BiJeung usually result from ChilJeong(七情). And he liked to use insects for treatment of BiJeung. 6. WeolSeokMu(越錫武) introduced 8 kinds of treatments and divided BiJeung period. Also he divided BeJeung for PungBi(風痺), HanBi(寒痺) and SeupBi(濕痺). 7. SeoGeaHam(徐季含) observed many patients and concluded that 86.7% of BiJeung is HeuJeung(虛症). 8. YuJiMyeong(劉志明) said that YeolBi is important and CheongYeol is also important. So he emphasized on DangGyuiJeomTongTang(當歸拈痛湯) and SeonBiTang(宣痺湯). 9. WangLiChu(汪履秋) studied cause of WanBi. Internal cause is GiHyeolHeo(氣血虛) and GanSinHeo(肝腎虛) and external cause is SaGi(邪氣) he insisted. 10. WangSaSang(王士相) said that YeolBi can be SeupYeolBi or EumHeuYeolBi(陰虛熱痺) and HanSeupBi(寒濕痺) is rare. He use WooBangJaSan(牛蒡子散) and BangPungHwan(防風丸) for SeupYeolBi, DangGyuiSaYeokTang(當歸四逆湯) for HanSeupBi. 11. JinTaekGang(陳澤江) treated YeolBi with BaekHoGaGyeJiTang(自虎加桂枝湯) and SaMyoSan(四妙散). If they don't have effect, he tried to cure BiJeung step by step. And he used e term of GeunBi(筋痺) and BangGiMogwaEIInTang(防己木瓜薏苡仁湯) was good for GeunBi. 12. MaSeoJeong(麻瑞亭) said that PungSeupYeokJeul(風濕歷節) is BiJeung and it is related to GanBinSin(肝脾腎; liver, Spleen, Kindey). And he emphasized on balance WiGi(衛氣) and YoungHeul(營血). 13. SaJeJu(史濟桂) said that GeunGolBi(筋骨痺) is similar to arthritis and sometimes called ChakBi. And SinBi(腎痺) is terminal stage of ChakBi, he said. He also used insects for treatment. 14. JeongJeNam(丁濟南) tried to cure SLE and used GyeJi, CheonCho(川椒), SinGeunCho(伸筋草), SunRyeongBi(仙靈脾), HyconSam(玄蔘) and GamCho(甘草). 15. JinGYungHwa(陳景和) emphasized on diagnosis of tongue. If the color of tongue is blue, it usually has EoHyeol(瘀血), for example. And he also used insects. 16. JuSongI(朱松毅) tried to devide YeolBi with OnByeong(溫病), Wi(衛), Gi(氣) and Hyeol(血). 17. RuDaBong(蔞多峰) said that JyeongHeo(正虛), OiSa(外邪) and EoHyeol are closely related. And he explained BiJeung by deviding the body into the part, for example head, neck, shoulder, waist, upper limb and lower limb. 18. YuMuBo(劉茂甫) defined PungHanSyubBi as chronic stage and YeolBi as acute stage.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.441-450
• /
• 2013

In this study, the general compositions, amino acids, fatty acids and collagen content of three abalones, which were harvested in Wando, Heuksando and Jeju Island in Korea, were analyzed and compared. The abalone body and viscera were separated from each other and the physicochemical properties were investigated. The moisture and protein contents of the viscera were lower than that of the body; while the lipid, carbohydrate, and mineral contents were higher. The general compositions and mineral contents also presented fluctuation among the three abalone groups. The amino acid content via hydrolysis in the abalone viscera ranged from 93.16 to 127.02 mg/g, which was lower than the amino acid content of the abalone body of approximately 145 mg/g. However, the free amino acids level in the abalone viscera ranged from 16.81 to 20.10 mg/g, which was higher than that of the abalone body level of approximately 7.90 to 10.59 mg/g. The fatty acid analysis revealed that while the saturated fatty acid percentages in the abalone body were higher than in the abalone viscera, the percentages of the monoenoic and polyenoic fatty acids of the body were significantly lower. The body of the abalone harvested in Wando contained the highest level of collagen ($2.26{\pm}0.46mg/g$), followed by the abalone harvested in Jeju Island and Heuksando. The abalone viscera contained much lower collagen, which ranged from $0.37{\pm}0.15mg/g$ to $0.20{\pm}0.03mg/g$. The results of this study will provide useful information for the future research of abalone.