• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 2019

The whole plants of Loranthus tanakae were repeatedly extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and the concentrate was partitioned into ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butyl alcohol (n-BuOH) and $H_2O$ fractions. The repeated silica gel ($SiO_2$), octadecyl $SiO_2$ (ODS), and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies for the n-BuOH fraction led to isolation of a cyclofarnesane sesquiterpene glucoside. The chemical structure including stereo structure was determined to be a (1'R,3'S,5'R,8'S,2E,4E)-dihydrophaseic acid $3^{\prime}-O-{\beta}-{\text\tiny{D}}$-glucopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. This compound was isolated for the first time from L. tanakae in this study. Compound 1 showed a moderate dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human Caucasian gastric adenocarcinoma cells and human hepatocyte cari-noma cells cell lines at higher than $50{\mu}g/mL$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 1993

Composition and structure of synthetic glucitol fatty acid polyesters (GPE)-a potential fat substitute-were investigated. Also degree of substitution (D.S) of GPE was determined according to the relative ester distribution within it to evaluate the feasibility of GPE using as a fat substitute. The GPE was separated into single ester group by a normal-phase HPLC and D.S of it was identified to be 6. Absorption band at $1747\;cm^{-1}$ in the IR spectrum of GPE indicated that there were ester bonds within GPE molecules. which link fatty acid moiety to glucitol. Disappearance of the hydroxyl proton signals of glucitol in the H-NMR spectrum of GPE implied that most of hydroxyl groups in glucitol participated in the formation of ester bonds with fatty acids. In addition the D.S estimated from the quantitative proton integration of GPE coincided well with the D.S of GPE determined by hydroxyl value measurement. In conclusion, the GPE synthesized in this study was found to be a glucitol fatty acid hexaester so that it is expected to be used as a fat substitute in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1259-1267
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• 2019

Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities were examined on the extract of Dendranthema indicum (D. indicum) flowers. The flowers were extracted two times for 24 h each with 70% ethanol. Upon the biological activities screening, the ethanol extract exhibited potent free radical scavenging activities and inhibited the production of nitric oxide on LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages effectively without causing cell toxicity. Further purification by medium pressure liquid hromatography (MPLC) and identification of the isolates led to identification of cynaroside (1) and apigetrin (2). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, as well as comparison of the data to the literature values. Also, the quantitative analysis of the compounds was perfromed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The isolates 1 and 2 were determined to inhibite the nitric oxide (NO) production dose-dependently. Based on these results, it was suggested that D. indicum extract could be useful as anti-inflammatory agents in cosmetics applications.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.323-326
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• 2019

The flowers of Coreopsis lanceolata were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and the concentrates were partitioned into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H₂O fractions. The repeated silica gel (SiO₂) and octadecyl silica gel column chromatographies for the EtOAc fraction led to isolation of one flavonol and one benzoyl compounds. The chemical structures of the compounds were respectively determined as melanoxetin (1) and protocatechuic acid methyl ester (2) based on spectroscopic analyses including NMR, IR, and MS. These two compounds were isolated for the first time from C. lanceolata flowers in this study. All fractions and the isolated compounds were evaluated for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activities.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 2019

The roots of Scrophularia buergeriana were extracted with 80% aqueous Methanol and the concentrates were partitioned into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H₂O fractions. The repeated silica gel or octadecyl SiO₂column, and medium pressure liquid chromatographies for the n-BuOH fraction led to isolation of phenylethanoid glycosides and iridoid glycosides. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined as harpagoside (1), angoroside C (2), aucubin (3) and acetoside (4) based on spectroscopic analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance and MS. A simple and efficient HPLC with UV detection method for the simultaneous determination of the four compounds (1-4) has been developed and applied to their content determination in the S. buergeriana. The roots were extracted by 80% methanol, and the contents of 1, 2, 3, and 4 were determined to 11.5, 7.6, 41.2, and 4.8 mg/g, respectively. Additionally, angoroside C (2) and acetoside (4) exhibited hepatoprotective effect against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cell line.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.312-312
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• 2022

Peanut hull as by-product has been discarded during peanut processing. However, peanut hull contains plenty of polyphenols that shows various physiological activities. The objectives of this study were to investigate anti-inflammatory and enzyme inhibitory activities of polyphenols from 'Sinpalkwang' peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) hull. Compounds were isolated from methanol extracts of peanut hull by preparative-high performance liquid chromatography after identifying and quantifying polyphenols using Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and UPLC-Quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry profiling. The structures of compounds were elucidated by one-dimensional [¹H, ¹³C] nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and two-dimensional NMR (correlated spectroscopy, heteronuclear single quantum coherence and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation). Three compounds were identified as 5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one (peak 2), luteolin (peak 4) and eriodictyol (peak 5). Significant differences in inflammatory mediator such as nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-lβ) in lipopolysaccharide stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages and in enzyme (xanthine oxidase [XO] and α-glucosidase [AG]) inhibitory activities were observed between three compounds (p < 0.05). Peak 5 treated Raw 264.7 macrophages showed lower content of NO (16.4 uM), IL-6 (7.0 ng/mL), and IL-1β (60.6 pg/mL) than peak 2 (NO: 28.3 uM, IL-6: 11.3 ng/mL, IL-1β: 66.9 pg/mL) and peak 4 (NO: 24.7 uM, IL-6: 9.3 ng/mL, IL-1β: 62.6 pg/mL). Peak 5 showed higher XO inhibitory activity (84.7%) and higher AG inhibitory activity (52.4%) than peak 2 (XO inhibitory activity: 45.4%, AG inhibitory activity: 21.6%) and peak 4 (XO inhibitory activity: 37.9%, AG inhibitory activity: 37.5%) at concentration of 0.5mg/mL. This study suggests that peanut hull could be a potential source of anti-inflammatory and physiological materials while creating new use of discarded peanut hull as by-products concomitantly.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2010

The seed of cowpea (Vigna sinensis K.) was extracted with 80% aqueous methanol (MeOH). And the concentrated extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH) and $H_2O$, successively. The repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel (ODS) column chromatographic separations for the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions led to isolation of four sterols. And the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as a mixture of stigmasterol and $\beta$-sitosterol with the ratio of 4 to 3 (1), 7-ketositosterol (2), and stigmasterol 3-O-$\beta$D-glucopyranoside (3) from the interpretation of spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum metric, mass (MS) spectrum metric and infrared (IR) spectroscope. This study reports the first isolation of $\beta$-sitosterol, 7-ketositosterol, and stigmasterol 3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside from the seed of Vigna sinensis K. In addition, compound 2, 7-ketositosterol, is rarely occurred in natural source including plant.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.527-533
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• 2003

This study was performed for increasing the consumption and developing the function of pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata DUCH.) seed. The changes of the contents of general chemical compositions, fatty acids, amino acids, ascorbic acid and ${\beta}$-carotene during sprouting were analyzed. Also, the bitter taste, which was produced during sprouting, were purified by using thin layer chromatography and preparative high pressure liquid chromatography. The purified bitter compound was identified by mass spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance($^1$H '||'&'||' $\^$13/C-NMR). Weight of pumpkin seed sprout was increased to 348.4% and the length of stem was dramatically increased at 8 days. In each head and stem parts of the pumpkin seed sprout, the contents of protein and lipid were decreased, however, the contents of fiber, ash and soluble inorganic nitrogen were increased. The fatty acids of the pumpkin seed sprout were mainly represented as linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid. During sprouting, palmitic acid was gradually increased, reversely, linoleic acid was gradually decreased. The general amino acids of head part in the pumpkin seed sprout grown at 23$^{\circ}C$ during 8 days were orderly more contained glycine, alanine, arginine, cystein and proline. Those of free amino acids were orderly more contained arginine, threonine, alanine and glutamine. The contents of L-ascorbic acid and ${\beta}$-camtene of the pumpkin seed sprout were gradually increased with increasing sprouting days. The bitter taste material of head part of the pumpkin seed sprout was detected at Rf value 0.72 on silicagel TLC plate and separuted as one peak by HPLC. The chemical structure of the puified bitter compound was identified as a cucurbitacin glycoside by MS and NMR. The content of bitter compound at 8 days was contained 42.2 mg per 1kg sprout head.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.239-253
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• 2021

This study investigates the metabolomic changes in breast and thigh meat from Cobb and Ross 308 chickens regarding the rearing environment. One-day-old Cobb and Ross broilers were raised for 35 days in conventional and animal welfare farms with, amongst others, different floor sizes, stock densities, and ammonia concentrations. One-dimensional ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and pathway analyses were performed to analyze the metabolomic properties of broiler meat. For breast meat, only those from the Ross strain could be separated according to the environment in the OPLS-DA plot. Ross breast meat from animal welfare farms showed significantly higher acetate, anserine, creatine, and inosine monophosphate content than those from conventional farms (P<0.05). In contrast, for thigh meat, the Cobb strain was differentiated using OPLS-DA. The contents of five metabolites, such as glucose and lactate, were higher in thigh meat from animal welfare farms; however, nine metabolites, including seven free amino acids, were lower compared to those from conventional farms (P<0.05). Pathway analysis was performed to interpret the biological changes in chicken meat based on environmental factors. The results indicated that the animal welfare environment led to significant changes in four metabolic pathways in Ross breast meat and in 20 metabolic pathways in Cobb thigh meat (P<0.05). In conclusion, the animal welfare environment could influence the metabolomic properties of Ross breast meat and Cobb thigh meat, which may affect the sensory quality of meat.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.182-182
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• 1996

Annexin I is a member of the annexin family of calcium dependent phospholipid binding proteins and has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting phospholipase A$_2$ (PLA$_2$). Recent X-ray crystallographic study of annexin I identified six Ca$\^$2+/ binding bites, which was different types (type II, III) from the well-known EF-hand motif (type I). In this work, the structure of annexin I was studied at atomic level by using $^1$H, $\^$15/N and $\^$l3/C NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, and the effect of Ca$\^$2+/ binding on the structure of annexin I was studied, and compared with that of Mg$\^$2+/ binding, When Ca$\^$2+/ was added to annexin I, NMR peak change was occured in high- and low-field regions of $^1$H-NMR spectra. NMR peak change by Ca$\^$2+/ binding was different from that by Mg$\^$2+/ binding. Because annexin I is a larger protein with 35 kDa molecular weight, site-specific (amide-$\^$15/N, carbonyl-$\^$l3/C) labeling technique was also used. We were able to detect methionine, tyrosine and phenylalanine peaks respectively in $\^$13/C-NMR spectra, and each residue was able to be assigned by the method of doubly labeling annexin I with [$\^$13/C] carbonyl-amino acid and [$\^$15/N] amide-amino acid. In $\^$l3/C-NMR spectra of [$\^$13/C] carbonyl-Met labeled annexin I, we observed that methionine residues spatially located near Ca$\^$2+/ binding Sites Were Significantly effected by Ca$\^$2+/ binding. From UV spectroscopic data on the effect of Ca$\^$2+/ binding, we knew that Ca$\^$2+/ binding sites of annexin I have cooperativity in Ca$\^$2+/ binding. The interaction of annexin I with PLA$_2$ also could be detected by using heteronuclear NMR spctroscopy. Consequently, we expect that the anti-inflammatory action mechanism of annexin I may be a specific protein-protein interaction. The residues involved in the interaction with PLA$_2$ can be identified as active site by assigning NMR peaks effected by PLA$_2$ binding.