• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1527-1535
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• 2018

Bacterial strain BAS23 was isolated from rice field soil and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Based on dual culture method results, the bacterium BAS23 exhibited potent in vitro inhibitory activity on mycelial growth against a broad range of dirty panicle fungal pathogens of rice (Curvularia lunata, Fusarium semitectum and Helminthosporium oryzae). Cell-free culture of BAS23 displayed a significant effect on germ tube elongation and mycelial growth. The highest dry weight reduction (%) values of C. lunata, H. oryzae and F. semitectum were 92.7%, 75.7%, and 68.9%, respectively. Analysis of electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that the lipopeptides were iturin A with a C14 side chain (C14 iturinic acid), and a C15 side chain (C15 iturinic acid), which were produced by BAS23 when it was cultured in nutrient broth (NB) for 72 h at $30^{\circ}C$. BAS23, the efficient antagonistic bacterium, also possessed in vitro multiple traits for plant growth promotion and improved rice seedling growth. The results indicated that BAS23 represents a useful option either for biocontrol or as a plant growth-promoting agent.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2024

Modification of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) characteristics and performance were investigated via post treatment using different oxidants. sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and potassium persulfate (KPS). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) results revealed no structural differences after post treatment. Cross-sectional micrographs show finger-like structures at the outer and inner walls of the HFMs and sponge-like structures in middle, where NaOCl and KPS post treated fibers exhibited a decrease in finger-like structures in addition to aggregates appearing on the surface, consequently leading to an increase in the surface roughness (Ra) from 48 nm to 52.8nm and 56 nm, respectively. Hydrogen peroxide post treatment only was observed to decrease the water contact angle from 98° to 81.4°. It was also observed that the elongation at break and the modulus deceased after NaOCl post treatment from 34.5 to 28.5% and from 19.3 Mpa to 16.6 Mpa, respectively. Moreover, pure water flux after H₂O₂ post treatment increased from 87.8 LMH/bar to 113 LMH/bar at 0.45 bar, while no changes were detected for the methylene blue dye rejection (74%) between raw and hydrogen peroxide post treated fibers at the same pressure. According to the findings hydrogen peroxide post treated PVDF HFMs have the most uniform surfaces, with almost no alterations in structural and mechanical properties or porosities with enhanced hydrophilicity and pure water flux maintaining appropriate rejection. Therefore, it is considered an efficient surface modifying agent for UF/NF membranes or low-pressure separators.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2011

수퍼커패시터는 다양한 응용범위를 갖는 유망한 에너지 저장장치로서 활발히 연구되고 있으며, 에너지 밀도 향상을 위하여 이온성 액체의 적용이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 4급화 반응과 음이온 교환반응을 거쳐 4급 imidazolium 염을 생성하는 반응으로 두 종류의 EMI-$BF_4$를 합성하였다. $^1H$-NMR을 통하여 EMI-$BF_4$의 합성을 확인하였고 TGA를 통하여 열적안정성을 확인하였으며, 이때 합성된 이온성 액체를 열처리한 경우 열적 안정성이 향상되었다. LSV를 통하여 본 연구에서 합성한 EMI-$BF_4$가 4 V 이상의 넓은 전위창을 가지고 있어, 기존의 전해질 대비 우수한 전기화학적 안정성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 충방전 실험 결과 본 실험에서 합성한 이온성 액체를 상용화 제품과 비교한 경우 용량은 각각 0.067 F 및 0.073 F로 측정되었다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2010

원자전달 라디칼 중합을 이용하여 poly(epichlorohydrine) (PECH)를 주사슬로 한 양친성 가지형 공중합체를 합성하였다. PECH로부터 poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) 및 poly(butyl methacrylate)(PBMA)의 가지형 중합이 성공적임을 $^1H$ NMR과 FT-IR분석을 통해 확인하였다. 합성한 가지형 공중합체에 KI나 LiI 염을 도입하였을 때, ether 신축진동 피크가 낮은 wavenumber영역으로 이동하였으며, 이는 배위결합 상호작용 때문이다. PECH-g-PBMA 복합체의 이온 전도도는 PECH-g-PMMA 복합체에 비해 항상 높게 나타났는데, 이는 고무상인 PBMA 사슬의 높은 이동성으로부터 기인한 것으로 확인되었다. 최고 이온전도도 값은 질량비 10 wt%의 KI가 도입된 PECH-g-PBMA 전해질체에서 $2.7{\times}10^{-5}\;S/cm$로 나타났다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.712-719
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• 2006

In this study, we prepared core-shell type nanoparticles of a poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) grafted-dextran (DexLG) copolymer with varying graft ratio of PLGA. The synthesis of the DexLG copolymer was confirmed by $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The DexLG copolymer was able to form nanoparticles in water by self-aggregating process, and their particle size was around $50\;nm{\sim}300\;nm$ according to the graft ratio of PLGA. Morphological observations using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that the nanoparticles of the DexLG copolymer have uniformly spherical shapes. From fluorescence probe study using pyrene as a hydrophobic probe, critical association concentration (CAC) values determined from the fluorescence excitation spectra were increased as increase of DS of PLGA. $^1H-NMR$ spectroscopy using $D_2O$ and DMSO approved that DexLG nanoparticles have core-shell structure, i.e. hydrophobic block PLGA consisted inner-core as a drug-incorporating domain and dextran consisted as a hydrated outershell. Drug release rate from DexLG nano-particles became faster in the presence of dextranase in spite of the release rate not being significantly changed at high graft ratio of PLGA. Core-shell type nanoparticles of DexLG copolymer can be used as a colonic drug carrier. In conclusion, size, morphology, and molecular structure of DexLG nanoparticles are available to consider as an oral drug targeting nanoparticles.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2020

Perylene bisimide derivatives are developed for red organic phosphor because of their advantages, such as excellent luminous efficiency and high thermal stability. Despite these advantages, they have poor solubility characteristics in organic solvents and short emission wavelength as red organic phosphor for hybrid light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In this study, we prepared terrylene bisimide using a coupling reaction and swallow-tail imide group, which has excellent solubility. The structures and properties of swallow-tail terrylene bisimide (9C) were analyzed using ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), UV/Vis spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The maximum absorption wavelength of (9C) in the UV/Vis spectrum was 647 nm, and the maximum emission wavelength was 676 nm. In the TGA, (9C) demonstrated good thermal stability with less than 5 wt% weight loss up to 415℃. In the solubility test, (9C) has a good solubility of more than 5 wt% in chloroform and dichloromethane. When the compounds (9C) were mixed with PMMA (polymethly methacrylate), the films showed peaks at 680 nm in the PL spectra. The results verify the suitability of (9C) as a red organic phosphor for hybrid LEDs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1212-1220
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• 2019

The study of metabolomics in natural products using the diverse analytical instruments including GC-MS, LC-MS, and NMR is useful for the exploration of physiological and biological effects and the investigation of drug discovery and health functional foods. Cordyceps militaris has been very attractive to natural medicine as a traditional Chinese medicine, due to its various bioactive properties including anti-cancer and anti-oxidant effects. In this study, we analyzed the metabolite profile in 50% ethanol extracts of C. militaris fruit bodies from three development periods (growth period, matured period, and aging period) using $^1H-NMR$, and identified 44 metabolites, which are classified as 16 amino acids, 10 organic acids, 5 carbohydrates, 3 nucleotide derivatives, and 10 other compounds. Among the three development periods of the C. militaris fruit body, the aging period showed significantly higher levels of metabolites including cordycepin, mannitol (cordycepic acid), and ${\beta}-glucan$. Interestingly, these bioactive metabolites are positively correlated with antitumor growth effect; the extract of the aging period showed significant inhibition of HepG2 hepatic cancer cell proliferation. These results showed that the aging period during the development of C. militaris fruit bodies was more highly enriched with bioactive metabolites that are associated with cancer cell growth inhibition.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.814-824
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• 2018

거세한우 3두를 $3{\times}3$ Latin square design 시험방법에 적용하여 사료 적응 기간 10일 후 사료 급여 방식에 따른 반추위액 내 휘발성지방산과 단당류 비교 분석 및 대사산물 분석에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 연구 결과 HPLC와 HPAEC에서 측정되지 않은 휘발성지방산과 단당류들은 $^1H-NMR$에서는 측정이 가능 한 것을 알 수 있었다. $^1H-NMR$에서 측정된 대사산물 중, carbohydrate 계열 대사산물 pyruvate는 사료 급여 전 반추위액에서만 측정 되었으며, succinate는 사료 급여 전 후에서 모두 측정 되었다. Amino acid 계열 대사산물은 총 9가지가 측정 되었다. Lipid 계열 대사산물 ethylene glycol는 사료 급여 전 Con구에서 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높게 측정 되었다. Aiphatic acylic compounds 계열 대사산물 trimethylamine N-oxide는 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 이번 연구를 통해 $^1H-NMR$를 이용하여 반추위액 내 많은 대사산물 측정이 가능한 것을 알 수 있었으며 사료 급여 전 후 급여 방식에 따라 대사산물의 변화가 나타나는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.68-75
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• 1991

차과의 일종인 후피향의 종실유에는 틀리글리세리드가 92.4%로 대부분을 차지하고 있었으며, 소량성분으로 극성지절이 5.9%, 스테롤이 1.2%, 색소가 0.5%였다. 지방산 조성을 보면 C18 : 1(36.1%), C18 : 2(30.9%), C16 : 0(15.1%) C16 : (7.6%) 및 C18 : 0(3.4%)가 중요한 성분이었으며, 매우 흥미롭게도 cyclopropane 고리가 탄소 11, 12에 위치한 cis-11, 12-methylene octadecanoic acid가 4.8% 함유되어 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.229-236
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• 1997

A gene, $phbC_{2.4.1}$ encoding poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) synthase of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 was cloned by employing heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. R. sphaeroides chromosomal DNA partially digested with MboI was cloned in pUC19 followed by mobilization into E. coli harbouring $phbA,B_{AC}$ in pRK415, which code for ${\beta}$-ketothiolase and acetoacetyl CoA reductase of Alcaligenes eutrophus, respectively. Two E. coli clones carrying R. sphaeroides chromosomal fragment of $phbC_{2.4.1}$ in pUC19 were selected from ca. 10,000 colonies. The PHB-producing colonies had an opaque white appearance due to the intracellular accumulation of PHB. The structure of PHB produced by the recombinant E. coli as well as from R. sphaeroides 2.4.1 was confirmed by [$H^{+}$]-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Restriction analysis of the two pUC19 clones revealed that one insert DNA fragment is contained as a part of the other cloned fragment. An open reading frame of 601 amino acids of $phbC_{2.4.1}$ with approximate M.W. of 66 kDa was found from nucleotide sequence determination of the 2.8-kb SaiI-PstI restriction endonuclease fragment which had been narrowed down to support PHB synthesis through heterologous expression in the E. coli harbouring $phbA,B_{AC}$. The promoter (s) of the $phbC_{2.4.1}$ were localized within a 340-bp DNA region upstream of the $phbC_{2.4.1}$ start codon according to heterologous expression analysis.