• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ageing temperature(0 and $4^{\circ}C$) and time(2, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 49 days) on the meat quality of longissimus muscle from Hanwoo steer. The pH, Warner-Bratzler shear force(WBSF), myofibrillar fragmentation index(MFI), cooking and purge loss, sensory, morphological changes, and amino acid composition were assessed. The pH of longissimus muscle increased significantly(p<0.05) for 21 days at $0^{\circ}C$ and 14 days at $4^{\circ}C$, but decreased thereafter. Longissimus muscle aged from 14 days to 28 days at $4^{\circ}C$ had a lower WBSF than longissimus muscle aged at $0^{\circ}C$(p<0.05). The WBSF of longissimus muscle decreased significantly(p<0.05) with ageing time. The MFI, cooking and purge loss, tenderness, and juiciness scores were higher for longissimus muscle aged at $4^{\circ}C$ than at $0^{\circ}C$. As ageing time increased, the MFI, cooking and purge loss, tenderness, juiciness, and amino acid composition of longissimus muscle increased significantly(p<0.05) with ageing at 0 or $4^{\circ}C$. Transmission electron microscopy showed Z-disk degradation and morphological changes of the myofibrils correlating with increased tenderness during the ageing time. Based on these results, the proper ageing conditions of longissimus muscle of Hanwoo steer were 14 days of ageing at $0^{\circ}C$ or 7 days of ageing at $4^{\circ}C$. However, further study on the application of ageing technology to this industry is necessary for the optimization of ageing conditions for the sub-primals or muscles from Hanwoo beef.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.221-231
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• 1998

The biosynthesis of galactolipid and the composition of fatty acid in chloroplast and thylakoid envelope isolated from C. ellipsoidea treated with antiseptics (potassium sorbate: PS, sodium benzoate:SB, calcium propionate:CP) were analyzed. The contents of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and total lipid in treatment with antiseptics were lower to compared with the control. The major fatty acid utilized for biosynthesis of MGDG in chloroplast envelope were palmitoleic acid (ave. 15.55%), oleic acid (ave. 15.09%) in control. Otherwise, the major fatty acids in P.S treatment were utilized for oleic acid (ave. 13.71%), linolenic acid (ave. 14.36%), palmitoleic acid (ave. 18.26%), oleic acid (ave. 17.26%) in S.B treatment, and oleic acid (ave. 16.88%), palmitoleic acid (ave. 16.31%) in CP treatment. It was showed that the major fatty acids in chloroplast envelope DGDG were oleic acid (ave. 15.75%), linolenic acid (ave. 17.74%) in control, oleic acid (ave. 14.90%), palmitoleic acid (ave. 15.97%) in P.S treatment, palmitoleic acid (ave. 13.29%), oleic acid (ave. 15.74%) in S.B treatment, and oleic acid (ave. 14.52%), palmitoleic acid (ave. 14.03%) in C.P treatment. The major fatty acid utilized for biosynthesis of MGDG in thylakoid envelope were linolenic acid (ave. 14.78%), oleic acid (ave. 12.90%) in control. Otherwise, the major fatty acids were utilized for palmitoleic acid (ave. 13.00%), palmitic acid (ave. 13.00%) in P.S treatment, palmitoleic acid (ave. 12.94%), oleic acid (ave. 12.43%) in S.B treatment, and oleic acid (ave. 12.43%), palmitoleic acid (ave. 12.43%) in C.P treatment. It was showed that the major fatty acids in thylakoid envelope DGDG were linolenic acid (ave. 18.01 %), oleic acid (ave. 15.53%) in control, linolenic acid (ave. 19.20%), linoleic acid (ave. 14.14%) in P.S treatment, palmitoleic acid (ave. 9.03%), oleic acid (ave. 14.85%) in S.B treatment, oleic acid (ave. 13.90%), linolneic acid(ave. 12.66%) in C.P treatment.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2008

In order to expand the use of hog liver by the food industry, spreadable liver product was manufactured and quality changes were investigated depending on storage temperature at $-2^{\circ}C,\;5^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), color, microbiological and sensory evaluation were carried out. Changes in pH values were not significantly different at different storage temperatures. TBA values were 0.6 mg MA/kg at $-2^{\circ}C$ after 30 days, 0.80 mg MA/kg at $5^{\circ}C$ after 21 days and showed 0.91 mg MA/kg at $20^{\circ}C$ after 14 days. The change in VBN content tended to increase during prolonged storage periods regardless of storage temperature. The product color tended to lighten over time, although there was no difference in a value of color during storage periods. Also, sensory evaluation results showed that the optimal storage temperature for the liver product was $5^{\circ}C$. The numbers of general bacteria increased to a level of 7.38 log CFU/g on storage 7 days in $20^{\circ}C$. This study showed that a viable spreadable liver product could be manufactured using hog liver and remains edible for at least 14 days when stored at temperatures below $5^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.370-377
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• 1971

The Carbon-14 content in surface air at Seoul, Korea, was measured from February 1970 to August 1971 and a Larix Leptolepis, Gordon tree (Ip-Gal Namu) grown at Kwang-Nung, Kyunggi-Do, Korea, having 37 growth rings, was assayde for $^{14}C$. From the results of the surface air study, it was calculated that during the above period the inventory of excess $^{14}C$ in the atmosphere decreased with a half-time of 4.6 years. The overall yearly decrease was also checked. The tree-ring study showed that the tree's atmosphere was affected by $^{14}C$ from nuclear tests after 1956. In one study, atmospheric $CO^2$ samples were collected bi-monthly by the absorption of $CO^2$ in alkaline hydroxide solution. In the other, 5 year annual growth rings were assayed for radiocarbon. For the radioactivity measurement, carbon atoms in samples were converted to carbon atoms of benzene. The resulting benzene was taken as primary solvent for liquid scintillation counting.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1993

To study the Koryo dynasty (14th Century) diet culture, $\ulcorner$Bak Tong Sa$\lrcorner$&$\ulcorner$No Kul Dae$\lrcorner$were analyzed. $\ulcorner$Bak Tong Sa$\lrcorner$and$\ulcorner$No Kul Dae$\lrcorner$are the book of Chinese dialogue book which were published 14C Koryo dynasty. The results obtained from the study were as follows: 1. Vegtables were 40 varieties involving the representative vegetables in Koryo dynasty. 2. Lamb and pork were the most popular meat I Won dynasty (Chinese) and the meat were popular in 14C Koryo dynasty. 3. Cook menu introduced I these books were 40 varieties and the full course menu were used in Han dynasty Banquet. 4. Cooking tools were various to survey Koryo dynasty cooking tools culture.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.61-64
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• 2000

We fabricated and characterized Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) using MCM-C (Multi-Chip-Module-Cofired) technology for 2.14 GHz IMT-2000 mobile terminal application. First, We designed LNA circuits and simulated it's high frequency characteristics using circuits simulator. For the simulation, we adopted high frequency libraries of all the devices used in LNA samples. By the simulation, Gain was 17 dB and Noise Figure was 1.4 dB. We used multilayer process of LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics) substrate and conductor, resistor pattern for the MCM-C LNA fabrication. We made 2 buried inductors, 2 buried capacitors and 3 buried resistors. The number of the total layers was 6. On the top layer, we patterned microstrip line and pads for the SMT device. We measured the high frequency characteristics, and the results were 14.7 dB Gain and 1.5 dB Noise Figure.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 1993

The fatty acid, all $cis-{\Delta}^{5,11,14}-C_{20:3}$, in the Gingko nuts oils, was isolated and, purified by urea-adduct method, silver ion silica gel chromatography and HPLC equipped with reversed phase ${\mu}-Bondapak$ $C_{18}$ column. Its structural elucidation was conducted by IR and $^1H$-, $^{13}C$-NMR technique. The fatty acid composition of seed oils mainly consists of linoleic acid(37.73%), vaccenic acid(18.30%), oleic acid(15.18%), palmitic acid(3.37%), palmitoleic acid(3.37%) and ${\Delta}^5$ NMDB fatty acids(8.50%) in which all $cis-{\Delta}^{5,11,14}-C_{20:2}$ predominates.

• IT SoC Magazine
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• s.2
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• pp.12-14
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.131-137
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• 2007

In this study, the biodegradation test on lignocellulose under sulfate reducing conditions was carried out. In particular, the interaction between cellulose and lignin was investigated with various g-cellulose/g-lignin (C/L) ratios: 42.15, 4.59, 2.51, 1.14 and 0.7. It was shown that the rate of cellulose degradation decreased in proportion to the lignin content. Assuming first order degradation kinetics, the consequences of competitive inhibition were graphically shown for different C/L ratios. The relation between cellulose reduction rate and C/L ratio was expressed by logarithm function with a determination coefficient of 0.97. Lignocellulose reduction rate was also described as a logarithm function of C/L ratio showing a inhibition effect by lignin. In the mean time, the rate of lignin decomposition was higher at C/L ratio of 2.51 and 1.14 compared with C/L ratios of 4.59 and 0.7, indicating that excessive extra carbon source is not appropriate for lignin biodegradation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2001

Transgenic tobacco plants were produced by the transformation of ginseng CAB gene using Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. The presence of CAB gene in the second generation of transgenic tobacco plant was confirmed by genomic PCR. The photosynthetic ability of transgenic plants was higher than normal tobacco plants and the maximum photosynthetic point of transgenic and normal tobacco plants was 500 $\mu$mol m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ . The photosynthesis of C7, C11, 1, C14 cell lines was higher than normal plants at all the light intensities investigated. The photosynthesis of C2, C11, C14 cell lines in 90% dark condition was higher than normal plants. The chlorophyll contents of transgenic tobacco plants were almost same as normal plants. The % of dry weight, nicotine content, total sugar and nitrogen contents of harvested transgenic tobacco plant leaves were almost same as normal plants.