• 생약학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.67-70
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• 1973

In Peucedanum japonicum and Aster tataricus L. chlorogenic acid was identified by methods of P.P.C. and T.L.C. $L-Phenylalanine-U-^{14}C\;and\;sodium\;acetate-2-^{14}C$ were administered to Peucedanum japonicum, $L-Tyrosine-U-^{14}C$ to Aster tataricus and $caffeic\;acid-carboxyl-^{14}C\;and\;L-tyrosine-U-^{14}C$ to Fagopyrum esculentum $M_{OENCH}$. The incorporation of each compound into chlorogenic acid was compared. $L-Phenylalanine-U-^{14}C$ showed higher incorporation to chlorogenic acid than sodium $acetate-2-^{14}C$ in Peucedanum japonicum. $Caffeic{\;}acid-carboxyl-^{14}C$ was higher to chlorogenic acid than $L-tyrosine-U-^{14}C$ in Fagopyrum esculentum. $L-Tyrosine-U-^{14}C$ was comparatively low in Aster tataricus.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2000

담배거세미나방(Spodoptera litura)에서 [$^{14}C$] 표지된 N-acetyl glucosamine, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine을 이용하여 신규살충제 DBI-1015와 DBI-3204의 살충 mechanism을 조사하였다. 담배거세미나방의 표피에 incorporation 되어진 방사논의 양은 신규살충제의 농도에 따라 함수관계를 나타내었다 In vivo실험에서 [$^{14}C$] N-ncetylslucosamine에 대한 DBI-1015, DBI-3204와 diflubenzuron의 $I_{50}$ (ppm)값은 각각 0.57, 0.89, 0.26 ppm을 나타내었으며, [$^{14}C$] UDP-N-acetylglucosamine의 $I_{50}$ (ppm)값은 각각 0.99, 0.53, 0.45 ppm을 나타내었다. 표피절편을 이용한 in vitro 실험에서 표피에 incorporation된 [$^{14}C$] N-acetylglucosamine과 [$^{14}C$] UDP-N-acetylglucosamine의 양은 적었지만, $2{\mu}M$ 농도에서 무처리구에 비해 $40{\sim}60%$ 억제되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.512-515
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• 2005

An in vitro study was conducted to determine the effect of C18-polyunsaturated fatty acid on direct incorporation into the rumen bacteria, bio-hydrogenation and production of CLA in vitro. Sixty milligrams of linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) or linolenic acid ($C_{18:3}$) were absorbed into the 0.5 g cellulose powder was added to the 150 ml culture solution consisting of 120 ml McDougall's buffer and 30 ml strained rumen fluid. Four uCi of 1-$^{14}C_{18:2}$ or 1-$^{14}C_{18:3}$ (1 uCi/15 mg each fatty acid) were also added to the corresponding fatty acids to estimate the direct incorporation into the bacterial lipids. The culture solution was then incubated anaerobically in a culture jar with stirrer at 39$^{\circ}C$ for 12 h. Ammonia concentration and pH of the culture solution were slightly influenced by the fatty acids. Amount of fatty acid incorporated into the bacteria was 1.20 mg and 0.43 mg/30 ml rumen fluid for $C_{18:2}$ and $C_{18:3}$, respectively during 12 h incubation. Slightly increased CLA (sum of cis-9, trans-11 and cis-10, trans-12 $C_{18:2}$) was obtained from the $C_{18:3}$ addition compared to that from $C_{18:2}$ after 12 h incubation in vitro.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.229-234
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• 1999

사람 간세포 유래의 배양 세포인 HepG2 세포의 지질 합성과 분비에 미치는 linoleic acid(LA, 18 : 2 n-6) 및 우혈청알부민 (bovine serum albumin: BSA) 첨가 농도의 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 간세포는 DMEM배지(기본 배지)에 0.2 mM LA을 첨가한 배지 및 LA와 BSA(0.2-1.0%)를 첨가한 배지(LA+BSA 배지)에서 배양하였다. 각 지질의 동위원소 표적에는 $[^{14}C]acetate$를 이용하여 6시간 배양후의 지질합성과 분비를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 기본 배지중에 LA의 첨가는 콜레스테롤의 $[^{14}C]acetate$ 표적량을 저하 시켰다. 한편, LA배지에 BSA의 첨가에 의해, 총 콜레스테롤의 $[^{14}C]acetate$ 표적량은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. LA+BSA 배지에서 간세포의 총 콜레스테롤 변동은 유리형 콜레스테롤에의 표적량 증가에 기인하는 것으로 나타났다. LA배지에 BSA를 첨가 하였을때 콜레스테롤 분비가 증가 하였는데, 이는 지질의 분비과정에 BSA가 관여하는 것을 시사하는 것이다. 간세포내 총 지질에의 $[^{14}C]acetate$ 표적량은 각 군간의 유의치는 인정되지 않았다. 그러나, LA 배지에의 BSA 첨가는 $[^{14}C]acetate$표식 지방산의 중성지질 획분에의 표적량은 증가하고, 인지질 획분에 표적량은 감소하여, 양지질의 합성에는 상반되는 결과를 나타내었다. $[^{14}C]acetate$ 표적 중성지질, 인지질 및 유리지방산의 분비는 LA배지에 비교해 LA+BSA 배지에서 현저하게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과에서, 사람 간배양 세포에서 LA와 BSA는 각각 지질대사에 다른 영향을 미치고, BSA 농도는 리포단백질 분비에 영향을 미치는 것으로 시사된다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.199-204
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• 1971

放射線照射에 의해서 尿 및 血液內에 다량의 deoxycytidine (CdR)이 流出하는 것을 볼수가 있는데, 이것이 DNA의 合成이나 分解와 어떤 관련성이 있으며, 아울러 어느 臟器의 DNA가 放射線感受性이 큰지의 여부를 밝히기 위해서 400R의 X 線을 흰쥐에 全身照射시켜, 간, 지라 및 흉선을 切除하여 均質化시킨 후, CdR-2-$^14 C$을 써서 DNA의 合成率 및 分解率을 測定하였다. DNA의 合成率은 흉선의 경우, 照射후 1 $\\sim$ 3日에 가장 심한 抑制現象이 나타났으며 5日후 부터는 점차 回復됨을 볼 수 있었고, 한편 간과 지라의 경우는 抑制의 정도가 흉선에 비해서 적었으며 回復도 훨씬 빨리 이루어졌다. DNA의 分解率은 지라와 흉선의 경우 비슷하여서 照射후 1日에 영향이 極大로 나타냈으며 回復도 아주 늦게 일어남을 볼 수 있었는데 반해서, 간의 경우는 分解도 덜 일어났으며 回復도 아주 빨리 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 각종 臟器의 放射線感受性의 차와 再生能의 차에 의해서 나타나는 현상임을 알 수 있고 CdR의 流出量의 增加는 放射線에 의한 DNA合成의 抑制와 DNA分解의 促進의 두가지 요인에 기인하는 것으로 추정되었으며, 전자의 경우는 흉선이, 후자의 경우는 지라와 흉선이 같은 정도의 重要性을 지니고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.55-57
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• 1979

These studies were undertaken to determine the $CO^2$fixation patterns following the chloroplast development in maize leaves. At the early stage of chloroplast development $^{14}C$ was incorporated into aspartate (41%) and malate (22%) respectively. Whereas the incorporation of $^{14}C$ into malate was higher than that of aspartate as chloroplast developed. Activity of NADPH-dependent malate dehydrogenase was increased throughout chloroplast development, but that of aspartate transaminase was not. Much incorporation of $^{14}C$ into aspartate at the early stage of chloroplast development and into malate at later stage of chloroplast development lead us to conclude that NADPH-dependent malate dehydrogenase activity is closely associated with chloroplast development, but activity of aspartate transaminase is not.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.241-246
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• 1992

L-Ascorbic acid (AsA) 생합성이 불가능한 guinea pig을 실험 동물로 하여 collagne 함량이 높은 조직인 폐 및 피부중의 AsA함량과 동일조직중 collagne 함량이 높은 조직인 폐 및 피부중의 AsA 함량과 동일조직중 collagen의 proline잔기의 수산화율을 조사하여 collagne 생합성에 대한 조직중 AsA의 영향에 대해서 알아보았다. Guinea pig(체중 약 250g)를 AsA 무투여군(A), 투여군(B), 300mg/day 투여군(C)으로 나눠 14일간 사육한 후, 마취하에서 개복하여 복부 대동맥으로부터 채혈함과 동시에 간장과 폐를 적출하였으며, 등부위의 피부를 채취하여 분석용 시료로 하였다. 이들 시료로부터 혈청중 alkaline phosphatase (ALP)활성과 각조직중의 AsA 함량, proline 함량 및 그 수산화율, (1-$^{14}$ C) proline 의 incorporation 양을 측정하였다. 그 결과, AsA 토여군인 B, C군의 경우 순조로운 체중증가와 함께 혈청중 ALP활성도 정상값을 나타냈으며 현저한 ALP활성 저하가 관찰되었다. 한편, AsA 함량이 높을수록 (1-14C) proline 의 incorporation 양이 많고 collagne 중의 hydroxyproline 함량도 증가하는 것으로 나타나, 조직중의 collagen합성량과 AsA함량과의 사이에는 높은 상관관계가 존재함이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2006

A Saccharomyces cerevisiae pgs1 nulI mutant, which is deficient with phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) and cardiolipin (CL) biosynthesis, grows well on most fermentable carbon sources, but fails to grow on non-fermentable carbon sources such as glycerol, ethanol, and lactate. This mutant also cannot grow on galactose medium as the sole carbon source. We found that the incorporation of $[^{14}C]-galactose$, which is the first step of the galactose metabolic pathway (Leloir pathway), into the pgs 1 null mutant cell was extremely repressed. Exogenously expressed PGS1 (YCpPGS1) under indigenous promoter could completely restore the pgs1 growth defect on non-fermentable carbon sources, and dramatically recovered $[^{14}C]-galactose$ incorporation into the pgs1 mutant cell. However, PGS1 expression under the GALl promoter $(YEpP_{GAL1}-PGS1myc)$ could not complement pgs1 mutation, and the GAL2-lacZ fusion gene $(YEpP_{GAL2}-lacZ)$ also did not exhibit its $\beta-galactosidase$ activity in the pgs1 mutant. In wild-type yeast, antimycin $A(1\;{\mu}g/ml)$, which inhibits mitochondrial complex III, severely repressed not only the expression of the GAL2-lacZ fusion gene, but also uptake of $[^{14}C]-galactose$. However, exogenously expressed PGS1 partially relieved these inhibitory effects of antimycin A in both the pgs1 mutant and wild-type yeast, although it could not basically restore the growth defect on galactose by antimycin A. These results suggest that the PGSI gene product has an important role in utilization of galactose by Gal genes, and that intact mitochondrial function with PGS1 should be required for galactose incorporation into the Leloir pathway. The PGS1 gene might provide a clue to resolve the historic issue about the incapability of galactose with deteriorated mitochondrial function.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1974년도 학술대회지
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• pp.101-113
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• 1974

The radioactive compound sodium $acetate-U-C^{14}$ (C-14 acetate) was administered to two- and four-year-old July and September American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) plants and cuttings. The C-14 acetate uptake was approximately $99\%.$ The autoradiochromatograms suggest that the saponins(panaquilins) isolated by preparative thin-layer chromatography contained impurities, especially those isolated from the leaf and stem extracts. The root and fruit methanol extracts yielded relatively pure saponins. The large amounts of panaquilin B and its proximity to panaquilin C on preparative thin-layer plates resulted in some admixing. The average concentration $(\%$ plant dry weight) of semipurified saponins were high in the leaves $(13.8\%),$ compared to fruits $(9.8\%),\;stems\;(7.9\%)\;and\;roots\;(6.3\%).$ The average percentage of C-14 acetate incorporation into panaquilins was $4.8\%.$ The average percentage of C-14 acetate incorporation into panaquilins B and C was higher $(1.40\%\;and\;1.13\%,$ respectively) than that into panaquilin C, (d), G-1 and G-2 $(0.75\%,\;0.65\%,\;0.13\%\;and\;0.53\%,$ respectively). Panaquilin synthesis may be depending upon the part collection period and age of the plant. The average percentage of C-14 acetate incorporation into panaquilin B is high in roots $(0.58\%)\;and\;stems\;(0.48\%);$ that into panaquilins C and (d) high in leaves $(0.40\%\;and\;0.45\%,$ respectively); and that into panaquilin E high in roots and leaves $(0.55\%\and\;0.50\%,$ respectively). Panaquilin G-2 was synthesized in all parts of plants. The panaquilins appear to be biosynthesized more actively in July than September (exception-panaquilin G-l). Panaquilins B, C and G-1 may be biosynthesized more actively in four-year-old plants and panaquilins (d) and E more actively in two-year-old plants. The results from expectance with cuttings suggest that the panaquilins are synthesized de novo in the above-ground parts of ginseng plants, and that panaquilin G-l may be synthesized de novo in the leaf. It is known from the tissue culture studies that panaquilins are produced by leaf, stem and root callus tissues and callus-root cultures of American and Korean ginseng plants. Panaquilins may actively be synthesized de novo in most any cell or organ of the ginseng plants. It was verified that C-14 acetate was incorporated into the panaxadiol portions of the panaquilins of two-year-old plants (sp. act., 0.56 $m{\mu}Ci/mg$) and four-year-old plants (sp. act., 0.54 $m{\mu}Ci/mg$).

• 생약학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.185-188
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• 1973

In Cnidium officinale $M_{AKINO}$ and Platycodon grandiflorum A. $D_E\;C_{ANDOLE}$, chlorogenic acid was identified by Rf values, color reactions on paper chromatograms and UV-absorption spectra of the eluate of phenolic spots. And isochlorogeni acid-like substance was also found in the former. $1-Phenylalanine-U-C^{14}$ and sodium $acetate-2-C^{14}$ werse fed to both plants and their incorporation ratio to chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid-like substance was compared. Phenylalanine was better precursor for chlorogenic acid in both plants than acetate. But acetate showed higher incorporation ratio to isochlorogenic acid-like substance in Cnidium officinale than that of phenylalanine.