• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2009

USN 센서노드 무선통신부에 내장하기 위한 1.9GHz RF 주파수 합성기를 $0.18{\mu}m$ 실리콘 CMOS 기술을 이용하여 구현하였다. 고속 저잡음 특성을 얻기 위하여 VCO, 프리스케일러, 1/N 분주기, ${\Sigma }-{\Delta}$ 모듈레이터 분수형 분주기, PLL 공통 회로 등의 설계 최적화에 중점을 두고 설계하였으며, 특히 VCO는 N-P MOS 코어 구조 및 캡 뱅크를 적용하여 고속 저전력 및 넓은 튜닝 범위를 확보하였다. 설계된 칩의 크기는 $1.2{\times}0.7mm^2$이며, IP로 활용하기 위한 코어 부분의 크기는 $1.1{\times}0.4mm^2$이다. 측정 결과 PLL 회로의 잡음 면에서도 문제가 될 만한 특정 스퍼는 발생하지 않았으며, 6MHz 기본 스퍼에 해당하는 잡음은 -63.06dB로 나타났다. 위상잡음 특성은 1MHz 오프셋에서 -116.17dBc/Hz로서 양호한 특성을 보였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1990

콜레스테릴 펜타노에이트의 결정은 사방정계에 속하며 a = 21.930(3), b = 21.404(3), c = 6.419(5) $\AA$이며 단위세포안에 4개의 분자가 있다. 1.0 $\sigma$ (I)보다 큰 강도를 가진 1,520개의 회절 반점에 대한 최종 R값은 0.086이다. 직접법에 의하여 구조를 풀었으며 C-H 결합길이와 메틸기는 길이를 고정시켜 이상적인 기하학적 구조에 맞춰 cascade diagonal least-squares refinement에 의하여 정밀화하였다. 테트라시클로 고리는 정상적인 구조를 하고 있으나 에스텔과 곁사슬 부분은 열적효과에 의하여 정상적인 길이와 각도의 값에서 변화를 보이고 있으며 에스텔의 끝부분이 굽어져 치켜들고 있다. 분자는 비결합성 van der waals힘에 의하여 서로 쌓여져 있고 가장 짧은 분자간 거리는 3.529 $\AA$이다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1314-1320
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• 2004

The adsorption and configuration of CO molecules adsorbed on W (110) and W (100) surfaces have been calculated by the atomic superposition and electron delocalization molecular orbital (ASED-MO) method. Referred to as the ASED-MO method, it has been used in the present study to calculate the geometries, binding energies, vibrational frequencies, orbital energies, reduced overlap population (ROP), and charges. From these results adsorption properties of ${\alpha}$-state and ${\beta}$-state were deduced. The calculated binding energies are in good agreement with the experimental result. On the W (110), the calculated average binding energies are 2.56 eV for the end-on configuration and 3.20 eV for the lying-down configuration. Calculated vibrational frequency is 1927 $cm^{-1}$ at a 1-fold site and 1161 $cm^{-1}$ at a long-bridge (2) site. These results are in reasonable agreement with experimental values. On the W(100) surface, calculated average binding energies of the end-on and the lying-down are 2.54 eV and 4.02 eV respectively. The differences for binding energy and configuration on the surfaces are explained on the basis of surface-atom coordination and atom-atom spacing. In the favored lyingdown CO configuration on the W(110) and W(100) surfaces, 4 ${\sigma}$ and 1 ${\pi}$ donation interactions, coupled with the familiar 5 ${\sigma}$ donation to the surfaces and back-donations to the CO 2 ${\pi}^{\ast}$ orbital, are responsible for adsorption to the surface.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.3403-3414
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to model and optimize the block-matching and 3D filtering (BM3D) algorithm and to evaluate its applicability in brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images using a fan beam collimator. For quantitative evaluation of the noise level, the coefficient of variation (COV) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were used, and finally, a no-reference-based evaluation parameter was used for optimization of the BM3D algorithm in the brain SPECT images. As a result, optimized results were derived when the sigma values of the BM3D algorithm were 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25 in brain SPECT images acquired for 5, 10, and 15 s, respectively. In addition, when the sigma value of the optimized BM3D algorithm was applied, superior results were obtained compared with conventional filtering methods. In particular, we confirmed that the COV and CNR of the images obtained using the BM3D algorithm were improved by 2.40 and 2.33 times, respectively, compared with the original image. In conclusion, the usefulness of the optimized BM3D algorithm in brain SPECT images using a fan beam collimator has been proven, and based on the results, it is expected that its application in various nuclear medicine examinations will be possible.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.54-70
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• 2024

생산이 완료된 노천광산 채굴적을 광미(광물찌꺼기) 적치 장소로 활용하는 방안은 기존 광미 적치 시설(TSF, Tailing storage facility)의 설치 공간 및 운영비용 문제 해결을 위한 대안으로 제시된다. 하지만 장기간에 걸쳐 적치된 광미는 주변 암반에 추가적인 하중으로 작용하여 광산의 역학적 안정성을 저해할 위험성이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 호주 Marymia 광산의 사례를 참고하여 약 60,400 시간에 걸친 광미 적치 시나리오를 구축하였으며, 다양한 지하 채광장 형태 및 암반 조건에 따른 천반 수평필러의 역학적 안정성을 Sigma/W 해석 소프트웨어를 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 광미 적치가 장기간 지속됨에 따라 천반 수평필러의 파괴 가능성이 유의미하게 증가함을 확인하였다. 해당 결과는 노천채굴적 내 광미 적치 시 광산 구조에 대한 역학적 안정성 고려가 필수적임을 시사한다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.344-349
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• 1995

(d I)-2-Benzyl-4-ethyl-ester-5-(p-methylphenyl)-3H,5H,6H-1,2,6-thiadiazine-1,1-dioxide의 결정 및 분자구조를 단결정 X-선 회절법을 이용하여 해석하였다. 결정은 단사정계에 해당하고 공간군은 $P2_1$이며, 단위세포 상수는 $a=8.756(8)\AA$, $b=25.757(2)\AA$, $c=8.628(1)\AA$, $\beta=99.15(4)^{\circ}$이었다. 기타 다른 변수값은 V= 1,921(2) ${\AA}^3$, $T=298^{\circ}K$, $D_C=1.336\;g/cm^3$, ${\mu}=1.54\;cm^{-1}$ 및 Z=4이다. $3{\sigma}(Fο)$ 이상인 2049개의 독립회절반점에 대한 최종 신뢰도 R값은 0.051이었다. 단위세포내에는 결정학적으로 비대칭성인 2개의 독립된 분자가 존재한다. 슬폰기의 배열은 다소 왜곡된 정사면체 구조를 나타내며, N(6)와 N(6')는 각각의 thiadiazine 고리의 최소 자승면으로부터 상당히 이탈된 사실을 알 수 있다. 결정내에서 분자들간에는 2개의 N-H---O형 분자간 수소결합과 van der Waals 힘으로 결합되어 있다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.65-79
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 안산암질암, 화강암 및 퇴적암에서의 단층핵 시료에 대한 직접전단시험과 입도시험 결과를 이용하여 단순회귀분석과 다중회귀분석을 실시하고, 각력 및 점토 함량과 전단강도 사이의 상관성을 분석하였다. 수직응력(${\sigma}_n=54$, 108, 162 kPa) 및 암종별로 단순회귀분석을 수행한 결과, 전단강도는 각력의 함량과 비례 관계를 보이며, 점토의 함량과 반비례 관계를 보인다. 또한, 대부분의 암종에서 전단강도는 각력보다 점토와 높은 상관성을 보이며, 수직응력이 증가할수록 각력과 점토 함량의 변화에 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 각력과 점토의 함량을 동시에 고려한 다중회귀분석에서 전단강도는 점토보다 각력 함량의 변화에 더 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로, 단순회귀분석과 다중회귀분석으로부터 산정된 회귀모형들의 결정계수($R^2$)를 비교 분석함으로써 암종별로 가장 적합한 회귀 모형을 제안하였고, 제안된 모형들은 0.624~0.830의 높은 결정계수를 보인다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 2018

Purpose: To investigate set-up errors, suggest the adequate planning target volume (PTV) margin and image-guided radiotherapy frequency in head and neck (H&N) cancer treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) assessed by kV cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: We analyzed 360 CBCTs in 60 patients with H&N cancer treated with IMRT. The target delineation was contoured according to ICRU62. PTVs were generated by adding a 3-5 mm margin in all directions to the respective clinical target volumes. The kV CBCT images were obtained at first three days of irradiation and weekly thereafter. The overall mean displacement, range, systematic (${\Sigma}$) and random (${\sigma}$) errors were calculated. Adequate PTV margins were calculated according to the van Herk formula ($2.5{\Sigma}+0.7r$). Results: The mean of set-up errors was less than 2 mm in any direction. The overall frequency of set-up displacements greater than 3 mm was 3.9% in medial-lateral (ML) direction, 8% in superior-inferior (SI) direction, and 15.5% in anterior-posterior (AP) direction. The range of translations shifts was 0-9 mm in ML direction, 0-5 mm in SI direction and 0-10 mm in AP direction, respectively. After systematic set-up errors correction, the adequate margin to overcome the problem of set-up errors was found to be less than 3 mm. Conclusion: Image-guided kV CBCT was effective for the evaluation of set-up accuracy in H&N cancer. The kV CBCT at first three fractions and followed-by weekly appears adequate for reducing significantly set-up errors in H&N cancer treated with IMRT technique. Finally, 3-5 mm PTV margins appear adequate and safe to overcome the problem of set-up errors.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of grain size and phase constitution on the mechanical properties of $3Y-ZrO_2$ by varying the sintering conditions. The raw powder prepared by a low-cost wet milling using the coarse solid oxide powders was sintered by both pressureless sintering and hot-pressing, respectively. As increasing holding time at $1450^{\circ}C$ for pressureless sintering, it promoted the microstructural coarsening of matrix grains and the phase transformation to tetragonal phase, whereas the bimodal microstructure embedded with abnormal $cubic-ZrO_2$ grains was observed regardless of sintering time. On the other hand, the specimens hot-pressed at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 2 h reached ~ 97% of relative density with homogeneous fine microstructure and mixed phase constitution. It was found that the proportion of untransformed monoclinic zirconia had the most adverse effect on the biaxial strength compared to the impacts of grain size and density. The pressureless sintering of the low-cost powder for prolonged sintering time to 8 h led to a decent combination of mechanical properties ($H_V=13.2GPa$, $K_{IC}=8.16MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$, ${\sigma}=981MPa$).

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.54.1-54.1
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• 2017

The UKIRT Wide-field Infrared survey for Fe+(UWIFE) is an unbiased survey of the first Galactic quadrant, with narrow-band filter centered on $1.644{\mu}m$. This survey covers $7^{\circ}$ < l < $62^{\circ}$ and |b| < $1.5^{\circ}$, where active interaction of stars and interstellar medium is expected. With median seeing of 0.8 arcsec, 5 - sigma detection limit of 18.7 mag and surface brightness limit of $8.1{\times}10^{-20}W\;m^{-2}arcsec^{-2}$, this survey gives an opportunity to statistically study Galactic [Fe II] - emitting sources for the first time. In order to identify Ionized Fe Objects (IFOs) in survey area systematically, we conducted visual inspection and automatic detection simultaneously. Total of ~300 extended IFOs are identified, most of them are found out to be part of supernova remnants (SNRs), young stellar objects, HII regions and planetary nebulae. The majority of IFOs are new discoveries which reveal shocked structures in high-extinction region. Spatial distribution of IFOs suggest that they trace Galactic structure. As a part of spectroscopic follow-up, we observed SNR candidate IFO J183740.829-061452.41 with IGRINS (Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph, Yuk+2010), mounted on 2.7m Harlan Smith telescope. This unknown arc-like, 6'-long IFO is coincident with inner part of radio continuum loop G25.8+0.2, which has been known as HII region. However, interior of this radio shell is filled with diffuse soft X-ray emission, and possible association of hard X-ray pulsar / pulsar wind nebula makes the nature of the IFO unclear. The H and K-band 2D spectrum shows shock-ionized [Fe II] filaments, which is apart from photoionized HII filaments. In this presentation we present basic statistics of newly identified IFOs, as well as the follow-up study of IFO J183740.829-061452.41.