• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.531-534
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• 1990

The reaction of $Os_3(CO)_{10}(NCMe)_2$ with a tungsten alkylidyne $Cp(CO)_2W{\equiv}CTol(Cp={\eta}^5-C_5H_5,\;Tol=p-C_6H_4Me)$ produces the compound, $CpWOs_3(CO)_{11}({\mu}_3-CTol)$(1). The structure of compound 1 can be viewed as one in which the metalla-alkyne, $Cp(CO)_2W{\equiv}CTol$, is ${\mu}_3-{\eta}^2-{\bot}$ (perpendicular) bound to an $Os_3(CO)_9$ fragment. Variable-temperature $^{13}C$ NMR spectra of 1 show no evidence for the analogous rotation of the metalla-alkyne molecule as shown alkyne rotation in $Os_3(CO)_9(C_2Tol_2)$ compound. This lack of the metalla-alkyne fluxionality supports the apparent saturated nature of compound 1.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.235-239
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• 2006

Due to recent advances in genome sequencing, there has been a dramatic increase in the quantity of genetic information, which has lead to an even greater demand for a faster, more parallel expression system. Therefore, interest in cell-free protein synthesis, as an alternative method for high-throughput gene expression, has been revived. In contrast to in vivo gene expression methods, cell-free protein synthesis provides a completely open system for direct access to the reaction conditions. We have developed an efficient cell-free protein synthesis system by optimizing the energy source and S30 extract. Under the optimized conditions, approximately $650{\mu}g/mL$ of protein was produced after 2h of incubation, with the developed system further modified for the efficient expression of PCR-amplified DNA. When the concentrations of DNA, magnesium, and amino acids were optimized for the production of PCR-based cell-free protein synthesis, the protein yield was comparable to that from the plasmid template.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.342-348
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• 2000

In this experiment, we show the effects of herbal plant extracts on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-$\alpha$. The extracts of Angelica gigas, Astragalus membranaceus, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus and Houttuynia cordata had no effect on NO synthesis by itself in mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7). However, the stimulation with these extracts in the presence of murine interferon-${\gamma}$(mIFN-${\gamma}$) resulted in increased NO synthesis. When these extracts were used in combination with mIFN-${\gamma}$, there were a marked cooperative induction of NO and TNF-$\alpha$ synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The same results were obtained in the mouse peritoneal macrophages used. The optimal concentration of these extracts on NO synthesis was shown at 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL with 100U/mL of mIFN-${\gamma}$. NO synthesis was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. When cell lines were treated with extracts, the expression of inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) was markedly increased in RT-PCR analysis. In addition, synergy between mIFN-${\gamma}$ and extracts was dependent on extracts-induced tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$(TNF-$\alpha$). These results suggest that water extracts of herbal plants can induce iNOS, NO and TNF-$\alpha$ synthesis of mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) and peritoneal macrophages in combination with mIFN-${\gamma}$.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.72-81
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• 2013

Many articles have been published about a 2-degree of freedom model that includes the lateral and yaw motions for controller synthesis in intelligent transport system applications. In this paper, a 3-degree of freedom linear model that includes the roll motion is developed to design a robust steering controller for lane following maneuvers using ${\mu}$-synthesis. This linear perturbed system includes a set of parametric uncertainties in cornering stiffness and unmodelled dynamics in steering actuators. The state-space model with parametric uncertainties is represented in linear fractional transformation form. Design purpose can be obtained by properly choosing the frequency dependent weighting functions. The objective of this study is to keep the tracking error and steering input energy small in the presence of variations of the cornering stiffness coefficients. Furthermore, good ride quality has to be achieved against these uncertainties. Frequency-domain analyses and time-domain numerical simulations are carried out in order to evaluate these performance specifications of a given vehicle system. Finally, the simulation results indicate that the proposed robust controller achieves good performance over a wide range of uncertainty for the given maneuvers.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2018

Purified bee venom was collected from colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) using a bee venom collector under sterile conditions and then purified under strict laboratory conditions. Purified bee venom contained $63.9{\pm}5.4%$ melittin, $10.9{\pm}1.6%$ phospholipase A2, and $2.3{\pm}0.3%$ apamin. Purified bee venom has various anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating effects. In this study, we evaluated purified bee venom which are mammary gland cells, MAC-T cells are used to increase the synthesis of milk protein. Purified bee venom promoted the proliferation of MAC-T cells at concentrations below $1{\mu}g/mL$, but cytotoxicity at $10{\mu}g/mL$ and above. As a result of the increase in the synthesis of ${\beta}-casein$, a milk protein after treatment with MAC-T cells at a concentration of the bee venom without cytotoxicity, the ${\beta}-casein$ content in the cell culture was increased when treated at a concentration of 1 ng/mL or more. In addition, it was confirmed that purified bee venom significantly increased the expression of bovine ${\beta}-casein$ (bCSNB) mRNA, a ${\beta}-casein$ synthesis gene, at a concentration of 1 ng/mL or more. These results suggest that purified bee venom can be used to increase the production of livestock by ultimately increasing the expression of milk protein.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.185-189
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• 2001

Amorphous aluminium phosphate powders were synthesized as a single phase by neutralization reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ and $H_3PO_4$ using the NaOH or KOH solution and subsequently by the hydrothermal precipitation method. The synthesis conditions were as follows : starting materials; $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ and $H_3PO_4$,pH ranges of neutralization reaction; between 5.6 and 6.0, temperature ranges of hydrothermal reaction; between 170 and $180^{\circ}C$,time ranges of hydrothermal reaction; between 4 and 5hs. Under such synthesis conditions, the products are obtained as amorphous aluminium phosphate powders of 0.1~0.3$\mu\textrm{m}$ in size and are Eitted to USP (United Standard Pharmacopoeia) test.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.284-289
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• 2011

The extracts of Agrimonia pilosa L. were investigated for the inhibitory effect on the melanin synthesis in B16/F10 mouse melanoma cells as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products. Tyrosinase inhibition activities were 42% in A. pilosa L. 70% ethanol extract at $500{\mu}g/mL$. The protein and mRNA expression of tyrosinase, which are all skin-whitening related factors, showed that A. pilosa L. water and A. pilosa L. 70% ethanol extracts inhibited the protein bio-synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cell. Results indicate that the A. pilosa L. extracts tested in the present study have skin whitening activity and can be used as a functional ingredient for cosmetic compositions.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2014

This study was aimed to investigate skin whitening effects of Nomura's jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai) hydrolyzed extracts (NHE). The extracts were prepared through the hydrolysis of N. nomurai using commercial proteolytic enzymes such as Protamex, Alcalase, Flavourzyme and Neutrase with optimum pHs (pH 5-8) at $55^{\circ}C$. Their whitening activities were examined from the inhibition of melanin synthesis using B16-F1 cell lines. Among the examined samples, Neutrase-treated extract (N-NHE) showed the most significant inhibition effect on melanin synthesis by 89.9% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. This sample decreased the expression of tyrosinase and TRP-1 (tyrosinase related protein-1) proteins as well. These results suggested the potential application of NHE as whitening ingredients in cosmetic preparation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.625-630
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• 2008

This study was undertaken with the aim of developing an easy and quick means of analyzing the effect of various compounds on the synthesis and secretion of human type I collagen at the protein level. A modification of the ELISA method was used on HFF-1 cells. For the proof of concept, we used thirteen compounds most of which are known to be antioxidants. Each compound was tested at concentrations of 0, 10 and $100{\mu}m$ on HFF-1 cells for 24 h. Thirteen sets of experiments for each compound were performed in ANOVA with three replicates. Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) was used to compare the mean values obtained from the treatment groups. From the results it was concluded that Vitamin C, undecylenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, glycolic acid, and citric acid at $100{\mu}m$ concentration could be used for anti-wrinkling or protection from premature aging, which requires enhancement of collagen synthesis. Lactic acid, EGCG, resveratrol, and retinol that can inhibit collagen synthesis effectively in a dose-dependent manner may be used for anti-fibrosis treatment purposes.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.617-621
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• 2009

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were grown on the pre-oxidized silicon substrate with the assistance of Au and the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) based on the catalysts by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) synthesis. Two types of ZnO powder particle size, 20nm, $20{\mu}m$, were used as a source material, respectively The properties of the nanorods such as morphological characteristics, chemical composition and crystalline properties were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The particle size of ZnO source strongly affected the growth of ZnO nanostructures as well as the crystallographic structure. All the ZnO nanostructures are hexagonal and single crystal in nature. It is found that $1030^{\circ}C$ is a suitable optimum growth temperature and 20 nm is a optimum ZnO powder particle size. Nanorods were fabricated on the FTO deposition with large electronegativity and we found that the electric potential of nanorods rises as the ratio of current rises, there is direct relationship with the catalysts, Therefore, it was considered that Sn can be the alternative material of Au in the formation of ZnO nanostructures.