• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2007

The most rapid Real-time PCR based detection method for Avian influenza A virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 was developed. The target DNA sequence in this study was deduced from H5N1 subtype-specific 387 bp partial gene of hemagglutinin, and was synthesized by using PCR-based gene synthesis on the ground of safety. Real-Time PCR was performed by $GenSpector^{TM}$ using microchip-based, total $1{\mu}l$ of reaction mixture with extremely short time in each steps in PCR. The detection including PCR-amplication and analysis of melting temperature was totally completed within 13 min. The H5N1-specific 189 bp PCR product was correctly amplified until 2.4 molecules of hemagglutinin gene as minimum of templates. This kind of PCR was designated as Quick Real-Time PCR in this study and it could be applied to detect not only AIV H5N1, but also other pathogens using PCR-based detection.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2006

The uptake of cadmium in animals is mainly accumulated in and affected to the liver and kidney by binding with red blood cells and serum albumin. The process accounts for more than 50% of the total accumulated cadmium in the body. The kidneys may be damaged without regarding the pathway uptake of cadmium. In a group of rats on supplements of 1% chlorella and 40 ppm cadmium, the concentration of cadmium in urine greatly decreased by 66% compared to control group, and the total synthesis of metallothionein decreased by 48.6% compared to control group. However, no previous study has assessed the protective effect on kidney damage induced by cadmium uptake through supplementation with chlorella. This study analyzed the biochemical marker for kidney damage in the rats after uptake of 40 ppm $CdCl_2$ and supplementation of the diet of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with 1%, 5%, and 10% chlorella during 4 weeks. In a group of SD rats on supplementation with 1% chlorella and uptake of 40 ppm $CdCl_2,\;\beta_2$ microglobulin in the urine was found to be $3.1\pm0.6\;{\mu}g/L$, a decrease of 58% compared to a group of Sp rats on uptake of $CdCl_2$ only, in which the $\beta_2$ microglobulin was found to be $4.9\pm0.7\;{\mu}g/L$. According to the results of histopathological observation, the accumulation of mild and localized chronic inflammatory cells in kidney tissues was observed in 50% of the SD rats on uptake of cadmium only. In contrast, only 30% of the SD rats on supplementation with 1% chlorella and uptake of 40ppm $CdCl_2$, representing a histopathological abnormality, and there were no histopathological abnormalities at all in groups of SD rats on supplementation with 5% or 10% chlorella and uptake of 40 ppm $CdCl_2$. In conclusion, protein, calcium, and iron, which account for more than 50% of the total dried chlorella composition, may contribute to the reduction nephrotoxicity by stimulating both inhibited absorption of cadium and increased excretion of accumulated cadmium in kidneys.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

We analyzed the antioxidant and anti-wrinkle activities of berberine, isolated from dried rhizome of Coptis japonica Makino, to determine its cosmetic potential. We performed the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol]-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay to evaluate the toxicity of the berberine. We also measured the ROS and hyaluronic acid production, and expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-wrinkle activities of berberine, respectively. The cytotoxicity of ultraviolet light, in presence of berberine, was measured by the MTT assay using CCD-986sk fibroblasts, and no cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations less than $25{\mu}g/mL$. We also found that berberine decreased ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner and promoted the synthesis of hyaluronic acid. Further, berberine reduced the protein levels and mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which are associated with wrinkle formation, and increased the expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. In addition, the inhibitory effect of berberine on $TNF-{\alpha}$, known as pro-inflammatory cytokine, was inhibited by $TNF-{\alpha}$ gene in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that berberine holds cosmetic value owing to its antioxidant activity, by inhibiting ROS production and anti-wrinkle activity by reducing MMP-2 and MMP-9 and increasing TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2011

We prepared polyurethane foam/cloisite30B/phosphates composites and characterized their rise time, density, cell morphology, and thermal properties. The composites were synthesized with polyadipatediol-cloisite30B composite (f=2.0), polyether-polyol (f=4.6), polymeric 4,4-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (f=2.5), and D-580 (phenyl polyoxyalkenyl phosphate). As a blowing agent, cyclopentane and distilled water were used at various concentrations of D-580 from 0 to 2.81 wt%. The rise times of PUF/Closite30B/Phosphate composites blown with distilled water were faster than those blown with cyclopentane by 30%. The composites blown with cyclopentane had spherical-shape cells and the cell diameter was decreased with increasing D-580 wt%. While $T_g$ of the composites blown with cyclopentane linearly decreased with increasing the D-580 content, the $T_g$ of the composites blown with distilled water increased with the D-580 content. All PUF/Closite30B/Phosphate composites began to decompose from $250^{\circ}C$. The composites blown with cyclopentane showed the second thermal decomposition at temperatures higher than $500^{\circ}C$. The thermal stability of all composites increased with the D-580 content. The effect of D-580 on the thermal stability of the composites was measured higher at the composites blown with distilled water.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.198-203
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• 1995

The Mo(V) $di-\mu-oxo$ type $(Mo_2O_4(H_2O)_2L)$ complexes $(L:\;C_3H_7CH(SCH_2COOH)_2,\;C_6H_5CH(SCH_2COOH)_2,\;CH_3OC_6H_4CH(SCH_2COOH)_2,\;C_5H_{10}C(SCH_2COOH)_2,\;C_3H_7C(CH_3)(SCH_2COOH)_2,\;C_3H_7CH(SCH_2CH_2COOH)_2,\;C_6H_5CH(SCH_2CH_2COOH)_2)$ have been prepared by the reaction of $[Mo_2O_4(H_2O)_6]^{2+}$ with a series of dithiodicarboxy ligands. These complexes are completed by two terminal oxygens arranged trans to one another and each ligand forms a chelate type between two molybdenum. In $Mo_2O_4(H_2O)_2L$, two $H_2O$ coordinated at trans site of terminal oxygens. The prepared complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, electronic spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. In the potential range -0.00 V to -1.00 V at a scan rate of 20 $mVs^{-1}$, a cathodic peak at -0.50∼-0.58 V (vs. SCE) and an anodic peak at -0.40∼-0.43 V (vs. SCE) have been observed in aquous solution. The ratio of the cathodic to anodic current ($I_{pc}/I_{pa}$) is almost 1, we infer that redox is reversible reaction.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2005

The crystal structure of Bis(ethylenediamine) cuprate(II)$\cdot$dichromate, $Cu(C_2H_8N_2)_2{\cdot}Cr_2O_7$, has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data: a=5.682(2), b=8.567(3), c=14.839(3) ${\AA},\;{\alpha}=97.50(2),\;{\beta}=101.06(1),\;{\gamma}=109.38(2)^{\circ}$ Triclinic, P-1 (SG No=2), Z=2, V=653.9(2) ${\AA}^3,\;D_c=2.030gcm^{-3},\;{\mu}=3.273mm^{-1}$. The structure was solved by Patterson method and refined by full matrix least-square methods uslng unit weights. The final R and S values were $R_1=0.0256,\;R_w=0.0708,\;R_{all}=0.0316,\;S=1.151$ for the observed 2291 reflections. The two cupper complex ion has the usual distorted octahedral structure with mean four Cu-N distances of 2.010(3) $\AA$ and the longer mean Cu-O distance of 2.525(2) $\AA$. The Cu-complex and dichromate ions are linked to form infinite chain arranged alternatively along the [111]-direction. The neighboring chains in the (0-11) plane are connected with N1-O5 and N3-O1 hydrogen bonds.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.252-261
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• 1994

The $(Ba_{1-X}Sr_X)ZrO_3$ powder showing chemically pure and fine particle size was attempted to be synthesized by the oxalate method. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum synthesis condition of stable $(Ba_{1-X}Sr_X)ZrO_3$ powder in terms of the temperatures coefficient of resonant frequency ${\tau}_f$ by examining the microstructure and dielectric properties of the synthesized powder. The six compounds (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) of $(Ba_{1-X}Sr_X)ZrO_3$ were prepared by the oxalate method, and then calcined at $1000^{\circ}C$ to obtain the crystalline $(Ba_{1-X}Sr_X)ZrO_3$ powder. The synthesized powder showed the globular-shape and average particle size of less than $0.2 \mu\textrm{m}$. The composition of x=0.5, i.e., half of Ba was replaced by Sr, is experted to show the zero value of temperatures coefficient of capacitance ${\tau}_c$.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.214-218
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• 2014

In this study, nanoporous $Cu_3(BTC)_2$ membranes were synthesized on macroporous alumina tube supports by solvothermal method. It is very difficult to prepare uniform and crack-free $Cu_3(BTC)_2$ layer on macroporous alumina support by in situ solvothermal method. In this study, continuous and crack-free $Cu_3(BTC)_2$ tubular membranes could be obtained by in situ solvothermal process after surface modification of alumina support. The surface modification was conducted by spraying Cu precursor solution on the alumina support heated at $200^{\circ}C$. The prepared $Cu_3(BTC)_2$ tubular membranes were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM and gas permeation experiments. $H_2$ permeance through $5{\mu}m$ thick $Cu_3(BTC)_2$ tubular membrane was calculated to be $7.8{\times}10^{-7}mol/s{\cdot}m^2{\cdot}Pa$ by single gas permeation test, with the ideal selectivities of $H_2/N_2=11.94$, and $H_2/CO_2=12.82$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• 제49권12호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2012

In this paper, the hardware design of rate control for real-time video encoded is proposed. In the proposed method, a quadratic rate distortion model with high-computational complexity is not used when quantization parameter values are being decided. Instead, for low-computational complexity, average complexity weight values of frames are used to calculate QP. For high speed and low computational prediction, the MAD is predicted based on the coded basic unit, using spacial and temporal correlation in sequences. The rate control is designed with the hardware for fast QP decision. In the proposed method, a quadratic rate distortion model with high-computational complexity is not used when quantization parameter values are being decided. Instead, for low-computational complexity, average complexity weight values of frames are used to calculate QP. In addition, the rate control is designed with the hardware for fast QP decision. The execution cycle and gate count of the proposed architecture were reduced about 65% and 85% respectively compared with those of previous architecture. The proposed RC was implemented using Verilog HDL and synthesized with UMC $0.18{\mu}m$ standard cell library. The synthesis result shows that the gate count of the architecture is about 19.1k with 108MHz clock frequency.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.841-858
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• 1996

Epidermal growth factor(EGF) is one of polypeptide growth factors. EGF has been reported as a biological mediator which regulates activities of wound healing process including the cell proliferation, migration and metabolism. The purposes of this study is to evaluate the effects of EGF on the human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblast cells that promote regeneration of periodntal tissue. The mitogenic effects of epidermal growth factor on human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts were evaluated by determining the incorporation of 5-Bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine into DNA of the cells in a dose dependent manner. The prepared cells were the primary cultured gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament cells from humans, the fourth or sixth subpassages were used in the experiments. Cells were seeded in DMEM containing 10% FBS. 1, 10, 50, 100, $200{\eta}g/ml$ and epidermal growth factor were added to the quiescent cells for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. They were labeled with $10\{mu}l/200{\mu}l$ 5-Bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine for the last 6 hours of each culture. The results of the five determinants were presented as mean and S.D.. The results were as follows : The DNA synthetic activity of human gingival fibroblasts were increased dose dependently by epidermal growth factor at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. The mitogenic effects were similar at the 24 and 48 hours of epidermal growth factor, but the DNA synthetic activity of human gingival fibroblasts generally decreased at 72 hours. The DNA synthetic activity of human periodontal ligament cells were increased dose dependently by epidermal growth factor at 24 hours but the DNA synthetic activity decreased at $200{\eta}g/ml$ of each hour. Generally the maximum mitogenic effects were observed at the 48 hours application of epidermal growth factor. The DNA synthetic activity of human periodontal ligament cells generally decreased lower at 24, 72 hours than at 48 hours the application of epidermal growth factor. In the comparison of DNA synthetic activity between human gingival fibroblasts and human periodontal ligament cells, human periodontal ligament cells had slightly higher proliferation activity than human gingival fibroblasts for a longer time at the high dosage of the epidermal growth factor. In conclusion, epidermal growth factor have important roles in the stimulation of DNA synthesis in human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts, and thus may be useful for clinical applications in periodontal regenerative procedures.