• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.524-531
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• 2001

The temperature and humidity distribution in a dry room are studied numerically by using standard$\kappa-\varepsilon$ turbulence model. In order to evaluate effective heat and moisture ventilation characteristics inside the room, the heat removal capacity and moisture exhaust efficiency are introduced. An effective ventilation control is analyzed by evaluating quantitatively temperature and humidity distributions. It was found that the mean absolute humidity inside the room was almost constant with approximately 0.1905g/kg air regardless of the models and the heat generation rates. This was believed that the moisture generation by workers was relatively small. 40% improvement of the critical decay time was achieved, through the modifications of design variables.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제20권B호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2000

A numerical investigation was performed to determine the effect of the Gurney flap on NACA 0015 airfoil. A Navier-Stokes code. FLUENT, was used to calculate the flow field about the airfoil. The fully-turbulent results were obtained using the standard ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ two-equation turbulence model. The numerical solutions showed the Gurney flap increased both lift and drag. These results suggested that the Gurney flap served to increase the effective camber of the airfoil. Gurney flap provided a significant increase in lift-to-drag ratio relatively at low angle of attack and for high lift coefficient. It turned out that 0.75% chord size of flap was best. The numerical results exhibited detailed flow structures at the trailing edge and provided a possible explanation for the increased aerodynamic performance.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제23권A호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2003

Numerical experiments are done by a commercial code, PHOENICS to evaluate the backlayer phenomenon of smoke in case of the road tunnel fire. The independent and dependent variables are ventilation air velocity and the length of backlayer of smoke respectively. Hybrid scheme and ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model are adopted in the simulation process and mass residual is used as a convergence criterion. The experimental results say that the length of backlayer is reduced with the increase of ventilating air velocity and that there is a critical air velocity which prevents from the onset of backlayering phenomena. One finds that there is a fresh air region near the bottom of tunnel which could make the passenger escape safely from the polluted region by smoke. These phenomena come from the vertical stratification of the smoke air mixture in the tunnel.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1981-1986
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• 2004

A cross-flow fan relatively makes high dynamic pressure at low speed because a working fluid passes through an impeller blade twice and blades have a forward curved shape. Therefore, the performance of a cross-flow fan is influenced 25% by the impeller, 60% by the rearguider and the stabilizer, 15% by the heat exchanger. At the low flow rate, there exists a rapid pressure head reduction, a noise increase and an unsteady flow against a stabilizer and a rearguider. Moreover, it is difficult to analyze the reciprocal relations of the cross-flow fan because each parameter is independent. Numerical analyses are conducted with different starting angles of the rearguider. Two-dimensional, unsteady governing equations are solved, using FVM, PISO algorithm, sliding grid system and ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ standard turbulence model.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.2011-2016
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• 2004

In order to develop a high efficiency fire pump, its performance characteristics with various operating conditions are investigated. The governing equations are derived from making using of three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with the standard ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model and SIMPLE algorithm. Using a commercial code, CFX, pressure distribution and flow fields in a fire pump are calculated with various ranges of rotating speed 800-2400 rpm. Particularly, calculations with multiple frames of reference method between the rotating and stationary parts of the domain are carried out. With the help of numerical results, correlation formula between the casing pressure and the efficiency is derived.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.578-586
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• 2006

The present study has been conducted to examine the effect of obstacles around a cooling tower and an air-guide to prevent recirculation. In order to analyze the interaction between external flow and cooling tower exit flow, the external region as well as the cooling, tower are included in computational domain. Two dimensional analysis is performed using the finite volume method with non-orthogonal and unstructured grid system. The standard ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model is used. To investigate the recirculation phenomena, flow and temperature fields are calculated with three approaches such as, the distance between cooling tower and obstacle, the allocated geometrical type, and the effect of height of obstacle. In addition, the air-guide is considered in the current computation. The mean recirculation rate increases with the height of obstacle. The effect of air-guide to reduce the mean recirculation rate is obviously observed.

• 태양에너지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1997

Recently the construction of atrium buildings has increased but along with it many problems in thermal environment have arised. since the exterior wall of glass, indoor temperature is greatly influenced by weather conditions and since the space volume is very large, the vertical air temperature is not uniform. So, in this study, a Vertical Temperature Distribution Model was developed to predict the vertical air temperature of an atrium and evaluate the effects of the design parameters on the air temperature distribution of an atrium. To consider the characteristics of the vertical air temperature distribution in an atrium, the Satosh Togari's Macroscopic Model was used basically for the calculation of the vertical air temperature distribution in large space and the solar radiation analysis model and natural ventilation analysis model in atrium. And to calculate the unsteady-state inside wall surface temperature(boundary condition), the finite difference method was used. For the verification of the developed temperature distribution program, numerical evaluation of air flow by the ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model and in-situ test was conducted in parallel. The results of this study, the developed temperature distribution program was seen to predict the thermal condition of the atrium very accurately.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.245-259
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• 1994

연직 확산계수의 산정에 k-I 난류방정식을 도입하여 예측성을 향상시킨 치안 해수유동 및 온배수 확산에 관한 3차원 수치모형을 개발하였다. 모형은 1차원 수로에서 취송류의 연직분포, 정지수역으로의 온배수 젯트에 대하여 수리실험자료와의 비교검증을 실시하고 고리해역에서 조류 및 온배수 확산을 해석하여 현장 적용성을 검토하였다. 계산결과는 검증에 사용된 자료와 대체로 일치하는 양호한 결과를 보였으며, 취송류, 밀도류, 조류에 대하여 동일한 모형상수를 사용하여 연직 확산계수를 계산할 수 있어 난류모형의 상수가 보편성이 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 $textsc{k}$-ι 난류방정식을 도입하여 개발된 수치모형은 연안 해수유동을 대표하는 취송류, 밀도류, 조류에 대하여 난류상수의 보편성과 모형의 예측성을 갖고 있어 연안 해수유동 및 확산을 연구하는 데 효율적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.652-653
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• 2009

In this study, flow-induced vibration (FIV) analyses have been conducted for a 3D compressor blade model. Advanced computational analysis system based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and computational structural dynamics (CSD) has been developed in order to investigate detailed dynamic responses of designed compressor blades. Fluid domains are modeled using the computational grid system with local grid deforming and remeshing techniques. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with $\kappa-\varepsilon$ turbulence model are solved for unsteady flow problems of the rotating compressor model. A fully implicit time marching scheme based on the Newmark direct integration method is used for computing the coupled aeroelastic governing equations of the 3D compressor blade for fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems. Detailed dynamic responses and instantaneous pressure contours on the blade surfaces considering flow-separation effects are presented to show the multi-physical phenomenon of the rotating compressor blade.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.23-60
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• 2016

The major objective of this study was to develop further understanding of 3D nearshore hydrodynamics under a variety of wave and tidal forcing conditions. The main tool used was a comprehensive 3D numerical model - combining the flow module of Delft3D with the WAVE solver of XBeach - of nearshore hydro- and morphodynamics that can simulate flow, sediment transport, and morphological evolution. Surf-swash zone hydrodynamics were modeled using the 3D Navier-Stokes equations, combined with various turbulence models (${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$, ${\kappa}-L$, ATM and H-LES). Sediment transport and resulting foreshore profile changes were approximated using different sediment transport relations that consider both bed- and suspended-load transport of non-cohesive sediments. The numerical set-up was tested against field data, with good agreement found. Different numerical experiments under a range of bed characteristics and incident wave and tidal conditions were run to test the model's capability to reproduce 3D flow, wave propagation, sediment transport and morphodynamics in the nearshore at the field scale. The results were interpreted according to existing understanding of surf and swash zone processes. Our numerical experiments confirm that the angle between the crest line of the approaching wave and the shoreline defines the direction and strength of the longshore current, while the longshore current velocity varies across the nearshore zone. The model simulates the undertow, hydraulic cell and rip-current patterns generated by radiation stresses and longshore variability in wave heights. Numerical results show that a non-uniform seabed is crucial for generation of rip currents in the nearshore (when bed slope is uniform, rips are not generated). Increasing the wave height increases the peaks of eddy viscosity and TKE (turbulent kinetic energy), while increasing the tidal amplitude reduces these peaks. Wave and tide interaction has most striking effects on the foreshore profile with the formation of the intertidal bar. High values of eddy viscosity, TKE and wave set-up are spread offshore for coarser grain sizes. Beach profile steepness modifies the nearshore circulation pattern, significantly enhancing the vertical component of the flow. The local recirculation within the longshore current in the inshore region causes a transient offshore shift and strengthening of the longshore current. Overall, the analysis shows that, with reasonable hypotheses, it is possible to simulate the nearshore hydrodynamics subjected to oceanic forcing, consistent with existing understanding of this area. Part II of this work presents 3D nearshore morphodynamics induced by the tides and waves.