• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.206-210
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• 1989

Bromolactonization of 2-Substituted-1-cyclohexenyl-1-acetic acid (1) with 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (dibromantin) in N,N-dimethylformamide gave the corresponding ${\gamma}-bromo-{\beta}-lactone$ (2) and ${\beta}-bromo-{\gamma}-lactone$ (3). The effect of the substituents, the reaction temperature, and the solvent on the regioselectivity was discussed.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 1994

L-Ascorbic acid-producing enzyme in Neurospora crassa was found to exist in mitochondria and the activity of this enzyme was increased by the addition of D-fluconno-${\gamma}$-lactone or L-gulono-${\gamma}$-lactone in the media. L-Ascorbic acid-producin enzyme in N. crassa has been purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation. DEAE Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange chromatography. Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography and Reactive yellow 3-agarose dye affinity column chromatography. The specific activity of this enzyme was increased to 239.6 fold and the yield was 2.1%. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was 150.000 dalton when it was estimated with Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography. Its molecular weight appeared as 75.000 dalton by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. which suggested that this enzyme was consisted with two identical subunits. The optimal pH for this enzyme was 9.0 and the $K_m$ value for D-galactono-${\gamma}$-lactone was 0.073 mM.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.2398-2402
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• 2009

Ten steroidal compounds as impurities in canrenone were isolated from the enriched mother liquor by using various chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by spectrometric analysis, among which three new compounds were characterized as 3-(3-oxo-7$\alpha$-(ethoxycarbonyl)methyl-17$\beta$-hydroxy-4-androsten-17$\alpha$-yl) propionic acid $\gamma$-lactone (1), 3-(3-oxo-7$\alpha$-ethoxy-17$\beta$-hydroxy-4-androsten-17$\alpha$-yl) propionic acid $\gamma$-lactone (2) and 3-(3-oxo- 5$\beta$-propionic acid-$\gamma$-lactone-6$\beta$,17$\beta$-hydroxy-4-androstan-17$\alpha$-yl) propionic acid $\gamma$-lactone (3).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1135-1142
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• 2003

The purification and characteristics of the biosynthesis enzyme of vitamin C from microorganisms related with kimchi fermentation were investigated to define vitamin C biosynthetic pathways in yeast. A yeast strain (Pichia onychis 16-4) which synthesizes vitamin C with galacturonic acid as substrate at high rate was isolated from kimchi. The enzyme $L-galactono-{\gamma}-lactone$ oxidase isolated from the yeast was purified and characterized. The specific activity of the crude enzyme was 7.26 unit/mg protein, which increased to 4,698 unit/mg protein with a chromatography of Sephacryl S-200HR; indicating a 647.1-fold level of purification. The molecular weights of the dissociated enzymes were estimated to be 31,000, 39,000, and 50,000 KD. Among the substrates tested, $L-galactono-{\gamma}-lactone$ was the most effective. The enzyme showed optimum activity ah pH 7.8 and 35c. The purified enzyme uses $O_2$ as the electron acceptor for oxidation of $L-galactono-{\gamma}-lactone$.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-56
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• 1993

The characteristic aroma of Gardenia Absolute Oil made from Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis was investigated by GC and GC-MSD and by sensory evaluation The method of GC Analysis was used Double Column System by Carbowax 20M /SPB-1 of Pola/nonPola columns. And the result data of analysis was checked automatic Relent ion Indexs Match System by GC Workstation. A total of 51 compounds were identified in Gardenia Absolute Oil, including t entatively erstimated 9 compounds. The major components were Linalool, Farnesene of various form, Jasmin Lactone, Gamma undecalactone and Cis-3-hexone derivatives.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1824-1826
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• 2007

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.133-135
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• 1981

Reaction of unsaturated acids with 3-bromo-5, 5-dimenthylhydantoin in dry DMF at room temperature gives bromolactones in 58-91 % yields.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.69-83
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• 1974

To elucidate the relationship between chemical structure and biological activity of alantolactone, and also to investigate the relationship between the growth of cells and the respiration of Chlorella pyrenoidosa affected by alantolactone, alantolactone and isoalantolactone were isolated from Inula helenium L., and di-, and tetrahydroalantolactones were prepared by the hydrogenation. At a concentration of 5$\times$10-5M alantolactone, the growth rate of Chlorella was greatly reduced. The viability of cells was also reduced over 50% within 2 hr at a concentration of 2.5$\times$10-4M alantolactone. However, oxygen uptake was increased by 20% over 3 hr. And 14CO2 production from glucose-1-14C, glucose-6-14C and 14C-acetate-U.L. was also increased by alantolactone. Biological activityof alantolactone was significantly reduced by cysteine, reduced glutathione or cystine but not by tryptophan or histidine. It was detected by spectrophotometrically and by TLC that alantolactone was also reacted with thiols except cystine. The solution of alantolactone reached with thiol gave the UV absorption spectrum of $\alpha$-saturated ${\gamma}$-lactone, and most of SH groups were disappeared by the addition reaction. From the reaction mixture of alantolactone and cysteine, a lactone adduct was isolated and purified. Isoalantolactone had shown similar activity as alantolactone, however, it was appeared that di-, and tetrahydroalantolactones were not only inactive biologically but also in vitro. It was concluded that there was no correlationship between increased respiration rate and mortality of Chlorella. During the respiration TCA cycle was activated, however it was uncertain that the activation of EMP or HMP was also appeared. Alantolactone and isoalantolactone were biologically active compounds but others were inactive. The reactivity of $\alpha$-methylene ${\gamma}$-lactone moiety toward SH group was principally responsible for its biological activity in sesquiterpene lactones.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.240-249
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• 2002

Dibenzyl-g-butyrolactone and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthoic acid $\gamma$-lactone (TNL) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against some cancer cell lines. It was found that TNL derivatives with a shorter distance between C-4 in ring A and C'-2 in ring C were more cytotoxic, while dibenzyl-${\gamma}$-butyrolactones with a longer one were nearly inactive. In TNL series, presence of 3,4-dioxy group in ring A and 2-methoxy group in ring C was essential for the enhancement of the activity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.235-239
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• 2003

Thirteen sesquiterpene lactones isolated from the flower of Chrysanthemum coronarium L., which has been widely cultivated in Korea as a vegetable for a long time, were investigated their antimicrobial activities against eight bacteria and five phytopathogenic fungi. The antimicrobial activities of dihydrochrysanolide (6) and 1-epi-dihydrochrysanolide (7) showed strong activities against all the bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Especially, Staphylococcus aureus was investigated that have very strong antibacterial activity to $1.56\;{\mu}g{\cdot}disc^{-1}$, respectively. Also, most of sesquiterpene lactones, which have ${\alpha}-methylene-{\gamma}-butyrolactone$ group, were exhibited strong activity to Gram(+) bacteria than Gram(-) bacteria. In the antifungal test, Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora capsici known as phytopathogenic fungi have exhibited all extensive activity about compounds that have ${\alpha}-methylene-{\gamma}-butyrolactone$ group.