• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2001

A ${\beta}-galactosidase$ gene of Bifidobacterium adolescentis Int57 (INT57) was cloned using the shotgun method. The sequence of the ${\beta}-galactosidase$ gene existing in the sequenced 3,260-bp fragment showed higher than 40% homology with other bacterial ${\beta}-galactosidase$ genes. The expression in Escherichia coli suggested that the ${\beta}-galactosidase$ might have a monomeric, dimeric, or tetrameric protein structure. This is probably the first peer-reviewed sequence analysis of the ${\beta}-galactosidase$ gene of the genus Bifidobacterium.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1751-1757
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• 2004

Recombinant heterologous proteins can be produced as insoluble aggregates partially or perfectly inactive in Escherichia coli. One of the strateges to improve the solubility of recombinant proteins is fusion with a partner that is excellent in producing soluble fusion proteins. To improve the production of soluble $\beta$-galactosidase, the gene of Thermus thermophilus KNOUC112 $\beta$-galactosidase (KNOUC112 $\beta$-gal) was fused with thioredoxin gene, and optimization of its expression in E. coli TOP10 was performed. KNOUC112 $\beta$-gal in pET-5b was isolated out, fused with thioredoxin gene in pThioHis C, and transformed to E. coli TOP10. The $\beta$-galactosidase fused with thioredoxin was produced in E. coli TOP10 as dimer and trimer. The productivity of fusion $\beta$ -galactosidase expressed via pThioHis C at 37$^{\circ}C$ was about 5 times higher than that of unfused $\beta$-galactosidase expressed via pET-5b at 37$^{\circ}C$. Inclusion body of $\beta$-galactosidase was formed highly, regardless of the induction by IPTG when KNOUC112 $\beta$ -gal was expressed via pET-5b at 37$^{\circ}C$. Fusion $\beta$ -galactosidase expressed at 37$^{\circ}C$ via pThioHis C without the induction by IPTG was soluble, but the induction by IPTG promoted the formation of inclusion body. Lowering the incubation temperature for the expression of fusion gene under 25$^{\circ}C$ prevented the formation of inclusion body, optimally at 25$^{\circ}C$. 0.07 mM of IPTG was sufficient for the soluble expression of fusion gene at 25$^{\circ}C$. The soluble production of Thermus thermophilus KNOUC112 $\beta$-galactosidase could be increased about 10 times by fusion with thioredoxin, and optimization of incubation temperature and IPTG concentration for induction.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.188-193
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• 1989

Gene for lactose catabolism in Lactobacillus casei SW-M1 was encoded by a 60Kb metabolic plasmid. A derivative of only 10kb, pPlac 15 of recombinant plasmid, was constructed by introducing into pBR322 and was cloned into E. coli using restriction endonuclease Pst I. A 10kb insery DNA in plasmid pBR322 was identified as a gene encoded phospho-$\beta$-galactosidase by the determination of enzyme activity. Phospho-$\beta$-galactosidase was apparently expressed in E. coli. The enzyme activities of cell-free extract from transformant E. coli HB101 carrying pPLac 15 DNA were not different from that of L. casei as a donor strain on the basis of enzyme properites. However, specific activity of phospho-$\beta$-galactosidase in the cloned strain with Lac $Y^{-}$ phenotype of E. coli HB101 was lower than that in L. casei strain.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.539-545
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• 1992

Lactobacillus casei SM-M1 의 플라스미드로부터 phospho-$\beta$-galactosidase gene 을 갖는 DNA 를 E. coli 에 클로닝한 pPLac15(13kb) 의 재조합 플라스미드를 제조하였다.(15). pPLac15 DNA 를 분리하여 제한효소로 처리하여 제한효소 지도를 작성하였다. Phospho-$\beta$-galactosidase 유전자의 발현을 높이기 위하여 lac promoter 를 가진 pUC18 의 PstI 위치에 클닝하여 pPLac18 을 제조하였으며, 이것을 다시 EcoRI 으로 절단하여 pUC 18 에 클로닝하여 얻은 pPLac23 (7.6 kb) 를 얻었다. Phospho-$\beta$-galactosidase 효소활성은 pPLac23 의 형질전환주인 E. coli SW-23 에서는 pPLac15 를 가진 형질전환주인 E. coli SW-15 보다 약 1.8 배의 효소의 활성을 나타내었으며 pPLac18 을 가진 E. coli SW-18 보다는 약간 높은 활성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.6-13
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• 1995

A gene coding for the $\beta$-galactosidase (lactase) of Kluyveromyces tragilis UCD 55-55 was isolated by complementation in Escherichia coli YMC9. From the plasmid library made from Sau3A-digested chromosomal DNA, one positive clone was selected. The cloned gene for $\beta$-galactosidase was on 7.3 kilobase pair DNA fragment, and a slightly low level of $\beta$-galactosidase enzyme activity was detecied in E. coli. It was also confirmed that the cloned gene comes from K. tragilis by DNA-DNA hybridization and immunochemical blotting experiments. In order to construct a new yeast strain having the metabolic ability for lactose, the cloned gene for K. tragilis $\beta$-galactosidase was inserted in yeast vector YEp24 and YRp17, and transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae YNN27 and Ml-2B. The yeast transformants showed the nearly the same $\beta$-galactosidase productivity as level of K. tragilis when uninduced, but these could not utilize lactose as a sole carbon source, presumably due to the lack of lactose transport system. Nevertheless, a slightly higher ethanol productivity was achieved by these transformants than S. cerevisiae or K. tragilis, in the medium containing glucose and lactose.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 1989

Lactobacillus casei SW-M1으로부터 lactose 이용 pPLac Plasmid를 분리하였다. 이 plasmid에 lactose이용 유전자가 존재하는지를 확이하기 위하여 plasmid curing을 실시한 결과, acriflavin 8mg/ml 과 11 mg/ml EtBr를 처리한 후 , 3차 접종 배양의 경우에 curing 빈도가 가장 높았다. Lac와 plasmid가 cured 된 $Lac^{+}$strain의 당 이용능을 조사한 결고, glucose lactosidasedldydsmd은 불변이나, lactosedldydsmd만이 $Lac^{+}$strain에서 감소하였다 pPLac plasmid의 lactose 분해능은 $\beta$-galactosidase 에 의한 것이 아니고, phospho-$\beta$-galactosidase 에 의한 것으로 확인되었다. $Lac^{+}$strain의 carbohydrate가 막투과시 PTS과 관련이 있는가를 조사한 결과ㅏ lactose-PTS가 가장 활성이 높았으며, 그 다음이 galactose-PTS, glucose-PTS 로 나타났다. 그러므로 lactose는 lactose-PTS(lactose-phosphotransferase system)에 의하여 glucose와 galactose-6-phosphate로 분해됨을 알 수 있었다. Phospho-$\beta$-galactosidase의 induction 실험에서는 galactoserk 가장 높은 induction 효과를 보여 주었으며, lactose와 glucose는 높은 수준의 induction을 나타내었으며, IPTG는 induction 효과가 없었다. Glucosedh lactose 배지에서 L. casie는 diauxic growth나 phospho-$\beta$-galactosidase합성을 조사한 결과, catabolite repression을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.386-390
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• 1996

The ${\beta}$-galactosidase gene from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ATCC 7962 was cloned and its enzymatic properties were characterized, with a view to assessing its potential use as a selection marker in the food-grade cloning vector. Chromosomal DNA from L. lactis subsp. lactis 7962 was cleaved with PstI and ligated into pBR322 for transformation into Escherichia coli TGl. Transformants showing ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity possessed the pBR322 plasmid containing a 10 kilobase (kb) PstI fragment and this plasmid was named pCKL11. The cloned ${\beta}$-galactosidase gene came from the chromosomal DNA of L. lactis subsp. lactis 7962 was confirmed by Southern hybridization. A restriction map of pCKL11 was constructed from the cleavage of both pCKL11 and the purified 10kb insert fraqment. The. optimum pH of the ${\beta}$-galactosidase determined with the E. coli harboring the pCKL11 was 7.0. The optimum temperature was $50^{\circ}C$, while the pI of the enzyme was 7.4. These values were the same as those of the enzyme from the parent strain.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.227-231
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• 1991

A gene coding for a $\beta$-galactosidase of Bacillus subtilis HP-4 was cloned in E. coli JM109 by inserting HindIII digested fragment of B. subtilis HP-4 chromosomal DNA into the site of pBR322 and selecting recombinant transformant showing blue color on X-gal plate. The recombinant plasmid, named pBG109, was found to contain the 1.4 Kbp HindIII fragment originated from B. subtilis HP-4 chromosomal DNA by Southern hybridization. The cloned gene was stably maintained and expressed in E. coli JM109 and the pBG109 encoded $\beta$-galactosidase had the same enzymatic properties as those of $\beta$-galactosidase produced by B. subtilis HP-4.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1591-1598
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• 2004

To isolate the $\beta$-galactosidase producing thermophilic bacteria, samples of mud and water were collected from hot springs of avolcanic area near Golden Springs in New Zealand. Among eleven isolated strains, the strain of KNOUC112 produced the highest amounts of $\beta$-galactosidase at 40 h incubation time (0.013 unit). This strain was aerobic, asporogenic bacilli, immobile, gram negative, catalase positive, oxidase positive, and pigment producing. Optimum growth was at 70-72$^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0-7.2, and it could grow in the presence of 3% NaCl. The main fatty acids of cell components were iso-15:0 (30.26%), and iso-17:0 (31.31%). Based on morphological and biochemical properties and fatty acid composition, the strain could be identified as genus Thermus, and finally as Thermus thermophilus by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence. So the strain is designated as Thermus thermophilus KNOUC112. A gene from Thermus thermophilus KNOUC112 encoding $\beta$-galactosidase was amplified by PCR using redundancy primers prepared based on the structure of $\beta$-galactosidase gene of Thermus sp. A4 and Thermus sp. strain T2, cloned and expressed in E. coli JM109 DE3. The gene of Thermus thermophilus KNOUC112 $\beta$-galactosidase(KNOUC112$\beta$-gal) consisted of a 1,938 bp open reading frame, encoding a protein of 73 kDa that was composed of 645 amino acids. KNOUC112$\beta$-gal was expressed as dimer and trimer in E. coli JM109 (DE3) via pET-5b.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.365-372
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• 1990

Transgenic 양서류를 만들기 위한 연구의 일환으로 bacterial $\beta$-galactosidase 유전자를 cytopalsmic actin promoter에 연결시킨 plasmid를 xenopus 수정란에 미세주입하여 외부 DNA의 발현을 조사하였다. $\beta$-gal DNA를 20nl당 1ng에서 2ng의 농도로 미세주입하는 경우, 이 농도는 배발생에 크게 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유전자 산물인 $\beta$-galactosidase는 양서류의 모든 배엽성 세포에서 발현 가능하고, 정상적인 활성을 나타내므로 외부 DNA의 발현여부를 in situ 상태에서 판명할 수 있었다. 주입된 외부 DNA는 낭배기 시기에 최초로 발현되고, 적어도 올챙이 시기까지 유지 및 발현 가능하며, 초기 발생동안 extrachromosomal 상태에서 발현되는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 발현의 정도는 주입된 개체는 물론 매 실험마다 차이를 보였고, 또한 기질인 X-Gal에 반응하는 부위가 전체 배에 분포하는 겅우는 거의 없으며, 일정 부위에 한정되어 있음이 관찰되었다. 이는 세포막을 통해서 DNA가 다른 할구로 이동하지 못하는 사실에 비추어 미세주입된 DNA가 난할시 각 할구로 균등하게 분포되지 못하고 국부적으로 나뉘어 들어가기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.