• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2011

다능성 세포를 포함하는 골막은 골모세포와 연골세포로 분화될 수 있다. 그리고 배양된 골막유래세포는 골형성 능력을 가지고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 골막유래 세포들과 골이식재 간의 상호작용을 평가하는 것이다. Sprague-Dawley 랫드의 두개골 골막에서 세포를 분리한 다음, 배양된 골막유래세포를 beta-tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}$-TCP)와 함께 임계결손부 크기의 두개결손부에 이식하였다. 모든 랫드는 골이식 수술 후 8주째에 희생되었으며, 골이식부의 골형성 능력은 일반방사선, micro CT 및 조직검사를 통해 평가되었다. ${\beta}$-TCP와 함께 이식된 골막유래세포는 골결손부에서 더욱 증가된 석회화작용을 나타내었으며, 골결손부 안쪽 및 가장자리에 골밀도 증가와 신생골이 형성되었다. 특히 골막유래세포는 ${\beta}$-TCP만 단독으로 이식하였을때보다 함께 이식 시 효과적으로 신생골을 형성하였다. 이러한 결과는 배양된 골막유래세포가 골결손부에서 골형성을 증진시킬 수 있는 가능성을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2010

Introduction: This study was to assess the effectiveness of new bone formation and regeneration by using a rhBMP-2 and $\beta-TCP$ as a carrier in rabbits’mandible. Materials and Methods: The mandibles of 36 rabbits were exposed and cortical bone was penetrated for this study. The experimental subjects were divided into 3 groups each 12 rabbits ; control group, experimental group 1, and experimental group 2. Control group had the defect itself without any treatment, in the experimental group 1, $\beta-TCP$P only was grafted, and in the experimental group 2, rhBMP-2 soaked in $\beta-TCP$ was grafted. The rabbits were sacrificed after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8weeks, and new bone formation area was examined and measured for bone quantitative and qualitative analysis with light, fluorescent and polarized microscopy. Results: In the experimental group 1, new bone formation from the adjacent host bone was made by osteoconduction, and in the experimental group 2, direct new bone formation by osteoinduction of rhBMP-2 as well as new bone formation by osteoconduction of $\beta-TCP$ were observed. Conclusion: rhBMP-2 of experimental group 2 is very effective in the bone formation in early 2weeks and bone remodelling from 3weeks.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.480-483
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• 2007

Hydroxyapatites were prepared by the different $SiO_2$ addition at $1450^{\circ}C$ for 2h. With the increase of $SiO_2$ addition, microstructure, bulk density, porosity, mechanical strength of $hydroxyapatite/{\beta}-TCP$ composite were investigated. When the sintered HAp contained 1 wt% $SiO_2$, the each properties of the HAp were increased. But the excess addition of $SiO_2$ content above 1wt% the each property were decreased. This results were due to the ${\beta}-TCP$ phase. The ${\beta}-TCP$ phase appeared at 3 wt% $SiO_2$ addition and the ${\beta}-TCP$ phase was enhanced by the $SiO_2$ increasing.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.53.2-53.2
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• 2011

Ti metal has superior mechanical properties along with biocompatibility, but it still has the problem of bio-inertness thus forming weaker bond in bone/implant interface and long term clinical performance as orthopaedic and dental devices are restricted for stress shielding effect. On the other hand, despite the excellent biodegradable behavior as being an integral constituent of the natural bone, the mechanical properties of ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate $(Ca_3(PO_4)_2;\;{\beta}-TCP)$ ceramics are not reliable enough for post operative load bearing application in human hard tissue defect site. One reasonable approach would be to mediate the features of the two by making a composite. In this study, ${\beta}$-TCP/Ti ceramic-metal composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering in inert atmosphere to inhibit the formation of $TiO_2$. Composites of 30 vol%, 50 vol% and 70 vol% ${\beta}$-TCP with Ti were fabricated. Detailed microstructural and phase characteristics were investigated by FE-SEM, EDS and XRD. Material properties like relative density, hardness, compressive strength, elastic modulus etc. were characterized. Cell viability and biocompatibility were investigated using the MTT assay and by examining cell proliferation behavior.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.582-587
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• 2004

수산화아파타이트(HAp) 및 P-인산3칼슘($\beta$-TCP)으로 구성되는 2상 인산칼슘염(BCP)을 고상반응법으로 합성하고, 이를 상압 및 autoclave를 이용한 고압에서 수열반응 시킴으로써 응집입자의 미세화를 시도하였다. 이 과정에서 일어나는 결정 상 및 화학조성, 구성상의 상대적인 양, 비표면적, 미세구조의 변화에 미치는 공정조건의 영향을 XRD, FT-IR, 질소흡착에 의한 BET법, SEM을 이용하여 검토하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제39권sup2호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2009

Purpose: Synthetic bone products such as biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) are mixtures of hydroxyapatite (HA) and ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}$- TCP). In periodontal therapies and implant treatments, BCP provides to be a good bone reconstructive material since it has a similar chemical composition to biological bone apatites. The purpose of this study was to compare bone regeneration capacity of two commercially available BCP. Methods: Calvarial defects were prepared in sixteen 9-20 months old New Zealand White male rabbits. BCP with HA and ${\beta}$- TCP (70:30) and BCP with Silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (Si-HA) and ${\beta}$-TCP (60:40) particles were filled in each defect. Control defects were filled with only blood clots. Animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 week postoperatively. Histomorphometric analysis was performed. Results: BCP with HAand ${\beta}$- TCP 8 weeks group and BCP with Si-HA and ${\beta}$- TCP 4 and 8 weeks groups showed statistically significant in crease (P <0.05) in augmented area than control group. Newly formed bone area after 4 and 8 weeks was similar among all the groups. Residual materials were slightly more evident in BCP with HA and ${\beta}$- TCP 8 weeks group. Conclusions: Based on histological results, BCP with HA and ${\beta}$- TCP and BCP with Si-HA and ${\beta}$- TCP appears to demonstrate acceptable space maintaining capacity and elicit significant new bone formation when compared to natural bone healing in 4 and 8 week periods.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2006

Purpose:Maxillay sinus grafting is an effective treatment procedure to improve bone height in the posterior maxillar area for implant installation. Beta-tricalciumphosphate(${\beta}$-TCP) was introduced to be grafting substitute material, providing a reasonable bio-degradation time, no need for harvesting procedure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate bone healing & regeneration phase using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. Material & Methods:Sixteen rabbits were divided into 4 groups. Bi-lateral maxillary sinus membranes were elevated at each rabbits, ${\beta}$-TCP was augmented in left sinus, autogenous bone was augmented in right sinus. The rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. We investigated the bone regeneration & growth factor expression. Results: 1. The mean new bone volume formation was 28.99${\pm}$6.55%, 49.54${\pm}$5.47%, 69.09${\pm}$8.90% in autogenous grafted area, and 22.86${\pm}$5.56%, 24.00${\pm}$4.09%, 34.11${\pm}$3.37% in ${\beta}$-TCP area at 4, 8, 12 weeks. Therefore, new bone formation in autogenous bone was significantly higher than ${\beta}$-TCP (p<0.05). 2. The BMP 2/4 expression in autogenous bone grafted area was higher at 4, 8 weeks. 3. There was no difference in expression pattern of BMP-7/PDGF/VEGF during grafted bone regeneration. Conclusion:The authors we conclude that the autogenous bone graft was faster than ${\beta}$-TCP in bone regeneration, and the BMP 2/4 were more important in graft bone regeneration.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.1103-1107
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• 2002

생체재료의 일환으로 사용되고 있는 ${\beta}$-TCP(${\beta}$-Tricalcium Phosphate)를 합성하기 위하여 주원료인 칼슘을 화학약품이 아닌 천연재료인 달걀껍질을 이용하여 실험을 하였고, 이를 인산(phosphoric acid)과 혼합하여 ${\beta}$-TCP를 합성하였다. 본 연구에서는 인산의 혼합 량, 하소온도의 변화 그리고 달걀껍질의 출발물질 상태 등의 변수를 두고 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 변수에 따른 결과는 XRD 분석에 의해 결정상을 관찰하고, SEM에 의해 미세구조를 관찰하여 특성분석을 하였다. $900{\circ}$에서 하소한 달걀껍질을 인산과 함께 습식으로 볼 밀링 한 후, 이를 건조시켜 $900{\circ}$에서 1시간 동안 열처리하여 비교적 좁은 입도분포의 ${\beta}$-TCP 분말을 얻을 수 있었다. 차후 합성된 분말의 소결체를 이용하여, 생체 친화성과 뼈 속으로 대체되는 속도 등을 실험할 예정이다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.360-373
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to investigate whether pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation applied to the rabbit cranial defects grafted with ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}$-TCP) could affect the new bone formation. With 16 New Zealand white rabbits under the same condition, bilateral calvarial bone defects were formed around the sagittal suture line. The defect on the left side was grafted with ${\beta}$-TCP, while on the right side was grafted by harvested autogenous bone. PEMF was applied to 8 rabbits for 8 hours per day. The bony specimen were divided into 3 groups, the group 1 was autogenous bone grafted specimen, the group 2 was ${\beta}$-TCP grafted with PEMF, and the group 3 was ${\beta}$-TCP grafted without PEMF. We investigated the bone regeneration & growth factor expression at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. As a result, BMP 2 was expressed in the group 1 from 2 weeks, the group 2 from 4 weeks, and the group 3 from 6 weeks. BMP 4 was expressed in the group 1 from 2 weeks, in the group 2 and the group 3 from 4 weeks. 4. There was no significant difference in expression pattern of BMP 7, PDGF, VEGF, and TGF-${\beta}$1 during grafted bone regeneration in group 1, 2, and 3. According to our results, PEMF stimulation could be effective on the new bome formation in animal study, and have a feasibility of clinical use.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.733-742
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• 2007

Bone morphogenetic proteins have been shown to possess significant osteoinSductive potential, but in order to take advantage of this effect for tissue engineering, carrier systems are essential. Successful carrier systems must enable vascular and cellular invasion, allowing BMP to act as a differentiation factor. The carrier should be reproducible, non-immunogenic, moldable, and space-providing, to define the contours of the resulting bone. The purpose of this study was to review available literature, in comparing various carriers of BMP on rat calvarial defect model. The following conclusions were deduced. 1. Bone regeneration of ACS/BMP, ${\beta}-TCP/BMP$, FFSS/BMP, $FFSS/{\beta}-TCP/BMP$, MBCP/BMP group were significantly greater than the control groups. 2. Bone density in the ACS/BMP group was greater than that in ${\beta}-TCP$, FFSS, $FFSS/{\beta}-TCP$ carrier group. 3. Bone regeneration in FFSS/BMP group was less than in ACS/BMP, ${\beta}-TCP/BMP$, MBCP/BMP group. However, New bone area of $FFSS/{\beta}-TCP/BMP$ carrier group were more greater than that of FFSS/BMP group. ACS, ${\beta}-TCP$, FFSS, $FFSS/{\beta}-TCP$, MBCP were used for carrier of BMP. However, an ideal carrier which was reproducible, non-immunogenic, moldable, and space-providing did not exist. Therefore, further investigation are required in developing a new carrier system.