• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVI)
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• pp.295-295
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• 2005

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.382-390
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• 2006

Various microorganisms were isolated from the surface waters and sediments of eutrophic lakes and reservoirs in Korea to enable an investigation of bacteria having algal lytic activities against Anabaena flos-aquae when water blooming occurs and to study enzyme profiles of algal lytic bacteria. Two bacterial strains, AFK-07 and AFK-13, were cultured, characterized and identified as Acinetobacter johnsonii and Sinorhizobium sp., respectively. The A. johnsonii AFK-07 exhibited a high level of degradatory activities against A. flos-aquae, and produced alginase, caseinase, lipase, fucodian hydrolase, and laminarinase. Moreover, many kinds of glycosidase, such as ${\beta}-galactosidase,\;{\beta}-glucosidase,\;{\beta}-glucosaminidase,\;and\; {\beta}-xylosidase$, which hydrolyzed ${\beta}-O-glycosidic$ bonds, were found in cell-free extracts of A. johnsonii AFK-07. Other glycosidases such as ${\alpha}-galactosidase,\;{\alpha}-N-Ac-galactosidase,\;{\alpha}-mannosidase,\; and\;{\alpha}-L-fucosidase$, which cleave ${\alpha}-O-glycosidic$ bonds, were not identified in AFK-07. In the Sinorhizobium sp. AFK-13, the enzymes alginase, amylase, proteinase (caseinase and gelatinase), carboxymethyl-cellulase (CMCase), laminarinase, and lipase were notable. No glycosidase was produced in the AFK-13 strain. Therefore, the enzyme system of A. johnsonii AFK-07 had a more complex mechanism in place to degrade the cyanobacteria cell walls than did the enzyme system of Sinorhizobium sp. AFK-13. The polysaccharides or the peptidoglycans of A. flos-aquae may be hydrolyzed and metabolized to a range of easily utilized monosaccharides or other low molecular weight organic substances by strain AFK-07 of. A. johnsonii, while the products of polysaccharide degradation or peptidoglycans were more likely to be utilized by Sinorhizobium sp. AFK-13. These bacterial interactions may offer an alternative effective approach to controlling the water choking effects of summer blooms affecting our lakes and reservoirs.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.629-636
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• 2012

Ginsenosides, ginseng saponin, are the principal components responsible for the pharmacological and biological activities of ginseng. In order to improve absorption and biological activities, the biotransformation of major ginsenoside to minor ginsenoside, as the more active compound, is required. In this study, we isolated Lactobacillus brevis THK-D57, which has high ${\beta}$-glycosidase activity, from Kimchi. The major ginsenoside Rb1 was converted to the minor ginsenoside 'compound K' during the fermentation of L. brevis THK-D57. The results propose that the biotransformation pathway to produce compound K is as follows: ginsenoside $Rb_1{\rightarrow}ginsenoside$ $Rd{\rightarrow}ginsenoside$ $F_2{\rightarrow}ginsenoside$ compound K.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1984

Effects of IAA on the elongation and cell wall hlysocidase activities were investigated in excised rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Yongdang) hypocotyl segments. IAA promoted the elongation of rape hypocotyl segments. In rape hypocotyls, the first 10-mm segments from the hook exhibited maximal elongation and the capacity of elongation was gradually decreased with increasing distance of each 10-mm from the hook. A good correlation has been obtained between the magnitude of endogenous growth and the activities of $\alpha$, $\beta$-glucosidase and $\alpha$, $\beta$-galactosidase. However, exogenous application of IAA did not seem to enhance the tissue with IAA resulted in acidification of the incubation medium. From these data, we can conclude that IAA seems to enhance elongation of the tissue segments, at least in part, by releasing hydrogen ion into cell wall, some of which may participate in the cell wall extension process, but does not seem to trigger the activation of $\alpha$, $\beta$-glucosidase and $\alpha$, $\beta$-galactosidase.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2000

Glycosidase activities were tested from the grape berries, Vitis labruscana B. Takasumi. Among various glycosidases, $\alpha$-D-galactosidase was found to be the most active in the flesh and other glycosidases were considerably active in the order of the following: $\alpha$-D-mannosidase>$\alpha$-D-glucosidase>$\beta$-D-glucosidase>$\beta$-D-galactosidase. In the seeds, $\alpha$-D-glucosidase activity was the highest and other glycosidases such as $\alpha$-D-galactosidase, $\beta$-D-glucosidase, and $\beta$-D-galactosidase were still significantly active. The $\alpha$-D-galactosidase in the grape flesh was purified over 83-folds through salting-out with $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and a series of chromatographies employing Sephadex G-50, Octyl-Sepharose, Q-Sepha- rose, and Biogel P-100. The enzyme was a monomer of 45 kDs as determined through SDS-PAGE and Sephacryl S-200 chromatography. The purified enzyme showed a preference of $\alpha$-D-galactose to $\beta$-D-galactose as a substrate about 5.4 times. Sulfhydryl specific reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide significantly inhibited the enzyme activity to the extents of 48 and 52% of its initial activity, respectively. The optimumpH range of $\alpha$-D-galactosidase was around 6.5-7.0. The enzyme activity increased by 46% in the presence of 1mM $Fe^{2+}$.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1418-1425
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• 2000

아가리쿠스 버섯(동결 건조, 온풍 건조)에서 추출한 ${\beta}-glucan$을 7주령의 db/db마우스에 5주간 음용수로 제공하고 식이섭취량 및 체중의 변화를 관찰하고 혈액내의 포도당, 인슐린, 당화 헤모글로빈, 소장의 glycosidase의 활성을 측정하고 중성지방농도, 혈중 지질조성을 측정하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. db/db 마우스에서 Agari.F군과 Agari.H군은 식이섭취량에서 Control군보다 유의적으로 낮았고, 그에 따라 체중증가량도 낮았으며, 혈중 인슐린 농도와 당화헤모글로빈 농도는 Control군에 비해 Agari.F군, Agari.H군, Acarbose군이 유의적으로 낮은 수준이었다. 소장의 maltase, lactase, sucrase의 활성은 Control군에서 Lean군에 비해 세 효소의 활성이 매우 높게 관찰되었고, 시료투여군인 Agari.F군, Agari.H군은 maltase의 경우 proximal, middle 부위는 대조군보다 낮았고 distal 부위에서는 Agari.F군의 활성이 가장 높았다. Sucrase, lactase의 활성은 모든 부위에서 시료투여군이 Control군보다 낮은 수준이었다. 혈중 중성지방 농도는 Control군에 비해 Agari.F군, Agari.H군, Acarbose군은 유의적으로 낮은 수준이었다. 혈중 total cholesterol의 농도의 경우 Control군과 Agari.H군은 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 Agari.F군과 Acarbose군은 유의적으로 낮았다. 혈중 VLDL cholesterol의 경우는 Control군에 비해 Agari.F군, Agari.H군은 유의적으로 낮았고 Acarbose군은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 혈중 LDL cholesterol의 농도는 Control군이 유의적으로 높았으며, Acarbose군이 가장 낮았다. 혈중 HDL cholesterol의 농도는 Agari.H군이 유의적으로 가장 높았고, Control군이 가장 낮았다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.290-303
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• 1989

$\beta$-glucosidase, $\beta$-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-$\beta$-glucosaminidase의 성적 성숙과의 연관서을 조사하기 위하여 흰쥐의 복강내로 testosterone과 dibutryjry cyclic AMP 를 투여하여 위이 효소들의 활성도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 겨세한 실험군에서$\beta$-glucosidase와 N-acetyl-$\beta$-glucosaminidase이 활성도도 거세후 7일째에는 유의성있는 감소효과를 나타내었다. testosterone을 7일간 계속 투여한 경우에는 세 효소의 활성도가 모두 유의성있게 증가하였고 dbcAMP 투여군의 경우는 거세 14일째되는 실험군과 비슷하거나 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 미세구조를 관찰한 결과 부정소 상피세포의 유형은 크게 주세포와 기저세포로 나눌 수 있었으며 주세포는 일반적인 원주상피의 형태를 나타냈으며 소낭을 많이 포함하고 있는 narrow cell이 존재하였다. 특히 부정소미에는 다른 상피세포에 비해 전자밀도가 낮은 light cell이 존재했고 기저세포는 부정소 부위마다 비슷한 형태를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며 상피세포 사이에는 이동능력을 가진 halo cell이 존재했다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.230-234
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• 2006

In this study, we describe a one-step chemoenzymatic reaction for the production of natural blue pigments, in which the geniposide from Gardenia extracts is transformed by glycosidases to genipin. Genipin is then allowed to react with amino acids, thereby generating a natural blue pigment. The ${\beta}-glycosidases$, most notably Isolase (a variant of ${\beta}-glucanase$), recombinant ${\beta}-glycosidases$, Cellulase T, and amylases, were shown to hydrolyze geniposide to produce the desired pigments, whereas the ${\alpha}-glycosidases$ did not. Among the 20 tested amino acids, glycine and tyrosine were associated with the highest dye production yields. The optimal molar ratio of geniposide to glycine, two reactants relevant to pigment production, was unity The natural blue pigments produced in this study were used to dye cotton, silk, and wool. The color yields of the pigments were determined to be significantly higher than those of other natural dyes. Furthermore, the color fastness properties of these dyes were fairly good, even in the absence of mordant.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2009

A total of 155 microbial strains were isolated from the Korean traditional soybean paste based on their morphological features on the growth of agar plate. Among the isolated strains, a total of 28 strains were capable of hydrolyzing isoflavone glycoside to isoflavone aglycone efficiently in the soybean paste. Finally, two strains, K123-1 and SI, were selected because of their resistance to 15% NaCl and ability to convert isoflavone glycoside to isoflavone aglycone efficiently during the fermentation of soybean paste. The isolated strains K123-1 and SI were identified to be Pichia guilliermondii and Candida fermentati, respectively, using the partial 26S rDNA sequence analysis and phylogenic analysis. Pichia guilliermondii K123-1 and Candida fermentati SI converted daidzin to daidzein up to 96% and 95%, respectively, and genistin to genistein up to 92% when soybean pastes were fermented at $30^{\circ}C$ for 20 days with a single isolated strain. Pichia guilliermondii K123-1 and Candida fermentati SI were able to grow in the presence of 15% NaCl on both liquid medium and agar plate. We think that Pichia guilliermondii K123-1 and Candida fermentati SI might be one of good candidates for making functional soybean paste because they are isolated from the Korean traditional soybean paste and have a good ability to convert isoflavone glycosides to isoflavone aglycones and a high salt tolerance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.376-380
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• 1999

Constructs, encoding a single-chain variable fragment of a catalytic antibody 4f4f (scFv-4f4f) with glycosidase activity, were made by combining the coding sequences for the heavy and light chain variable domains with a sequence encoding a linker (GGGGS). Using three different plasmid systems, single-chain antibodies were expressed separately in Escherichia coli, demonstrating significant differences in the expression level and amounts in soluble form of the recombinant protein. The protein expression from pET3a-scFv-4f4f was up to 20% of the total soluble proteins and, more importantly, the proteins were mostly found in a soluble form. An SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified single-chain proteins, yielding higher than 5mg from a 1-1 culture, showed a single band corresponding to its molecular weight of 29,100. A preliminary study shows that the expressed scFv-4f4f is catalytically active. The catalytic parameters for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside by scFv-4f4f are being investigated.