• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.463-468
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• 2001

Cyclosophoraoses are a class of unbranced cyclic-(1longrightarrow2)-${\beta}$-D-glucans found in the Rhizobium species. Their unique cyclic structures and high solubility make them potent for inclusion complexation as a host for an insoluble guest molecule. A family of neutral cyclosophoraoses (DP 17-27) isolated from Rhizobium meliloti 2011 was used as a host for inclusion complexation with an insoluble guest drug, indomethacin. A high performance liquid chromatographic analysis indicated that the inclusion complexation of cyclosophoraoses greatly ehanced the solubility of indomethacin compared with ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin. The estimated value of the association constant of the complex in water for $\beta$-cyclodextrin and cyclosophoraoses was $523M^{-1} and 17,570M^{-1}$, respectively. NMR spectroscopy showed that the inclusion complex was characterized by the interaction of the indole ring moiety of indomethacin with the cavity of cyclosophoraoses.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2009

Anti-mutagenic and anti-septic effects of $\beta$-1,3/1,6-glucan from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 were evaluated on the on the cyclophosphamide (CPA)-cecal ligation puncture (CLP) and CPA-treated mice. To induce immunosuppression and mutagenicity, 150 and 110 mg/kg of CPA were single intraperitoneally injected at 3 or 1 day before CLP or initial $\beta$-glucan administration. In CLP animals, the cecum was mobilized and ligated below the ileocecal valve, punctured through both surfaces twice with a 22-gauge needle. 125 mg/kg of $\beta$-glucan were dissolved in saline and subcutaneously or orally administered in a volume of 10 ml/kg (of body weight), 4 times, 12 hrs intervals from 6 hrs after CLP or 1 day after second dose of CPA. After treatment of $\beta$-glucan, the mortalities were observed in CPA-CLP model, and the appearance of a micronucleus is used as an index for genotoxic potential in CPA model. As results of CPA-CLP sepsis, all animals (9/9, 100%) in CPA-CLP control were dead within 2 days after CLP. In addition, increase of the number of bone marrow MNPCEs indicated mutagenicity were also observed by treatment of CPA. However, $\beta$-glucan treatment effectively inhibited the mortalities in CPA-CLP, and it also reduced the CPA treatment-related mutagenicity, respectively. These results indicated that $\beta$-glucan has effective anti-septic and anti-mutagenic effects and can be used as an agents for treating sepsis and mutagenicity related to high-dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy. However, further studies should be conducted to observe more detail action mechanisms of it's anti-septic and anti-mutagenic effects.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2003년도 Annual Meeting of KSAP : International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences on Obesity
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• pp.98-98
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• 2003

${\beta}$-(1,3)-D-Glucans have been known to exhibit antitumor and antimicrobial activities. The presence of dectin-1,${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$-glucan receptor of dendritic cell, on macrophage has been controvertial. RT-PCR analysis led to the detection of dectin-1${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ in murine macrophage Raw264.7 cell line. Among the various organs of mouse, dectin-1${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ were detected in the thymus, lung, spleen, stomach and intestine. To analyze gene expression modulated by ${\beta}$-glucan treated murine Raw264.7 macrophage, total mRNA was applied to cDNA microarray to interrogate the expression of 7,000 known genes. cDNA chip analysis showed that ${\beta}$-glucan of P. osteatus increased gene expressions of immunomodulating genes, membrane antigenic proteins, chemokine ligands, complements, cytokines, various kinases, lectin associated genes and oncogenes in Raw 264.7 cell line. When treated with ${\beta}$-glucan of P. osteatus and LPS, induction of gene expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-R1 was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Induction of TNF-R type II expression was confirmed by FACS analysis. IL-6 expression was abolished by EDTA in ${\beta}$-glucan and LPS treated Raw264.7 cell line, indicating that ${\beta}$-glucan binds to dectin-l in a Ca$\^$＋＋/ -dependent manner. To increase antitumor efficacy of ${\beta}$-glucan, ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) was co-treated with ${\beta}$-glucan in vivo and in vitro tests. IC$\sub$50/ values of GRh2 were 20 and 25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ in SNU-1 and B16 melanoma F10 cell line, respectively. Co-treatment with ${\beta}$-glucan and GRh2 showed synergistic antitumor activity with cisplatin and mitomycin C both in vitro and in vivo. Single or co-treatment with ${\beta}$-glucan and GRh2 increased tumor bearing mouse life span. Co-treatment with ${\beta}$-glucan and GRh2 showed more increased life span with mitomycin C than that with cisplatin. Antitumor activities were 67% and 72 % by co-injection with ${\beta}$-glucan and GRh2 in the absence or presence of mitomycin C, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1338-1342
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• 2004

Cyclosophoraoses (Cys), cyclic ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}2)-D-glucans$ produced by Rhizobium meliloti 2011, were used as a novel chiral stationary phase for the enantiomeric separation. A novel Cys stationary phase, chemically immobilized onto porous silica via aminopropyltrimethoxysilane as a molecular linker, showed good separation for each racemate of bupivacain (separation factor, $\alpha$=1.3), propranolol ($\alpha$=1.3), and fenoprofen ($\alpha$=2.9), respectively, under the mobile phase of water: methanol (80:20, v/v) at a constant flow rate of 0.9 ml/min at pH7.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2010

Cisplatin(cis-diamminedichloroplatium) is one of the most effective anti-cancer drugs being clinically used in the treatment of solid tumors. Despite its therapeutic benefits, its use in clinical practice is often limited because of dose related toxicity. It is known that yeast cell wall beta-glucans possess immuno-modulating properties, which allows for their application in antitumor therapy. IS2 is a kind of beta-glucan derived from the cell wall of mutated Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which exhibits anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo. The present study explored the possibility of combination therapy of IS2 with cisplatin. In experimental metastasis of colon26-M3.1 cells, prophylactic intravenous administration of IS-2 in combination with cisplatin effectively inhibited tumor metastasis compared with cisplatin alone or IS-2 treatment in vivo. IS-2 effectively enhanced Th1 type cytokines including IFN-$\gamma$, IL-2, IL-12 and GM-CSF. Simultaneously, this combined treatment inhibited production of Th2 type cytokines compared with control. These results suggested that IS-2 can be applied in combination therapy with anti-cancer drugs to minimize their side effects.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2014

본 연구에 의하면 보리와 모싯잎을 첨가하여 찐빵을 제조하여 관능검사와 기계적 측정을 확인하여 기능성 식품개발과 보리 이용의 효율성 증대를 모색하였다. 기능성 식품인 찰보리와 모싯잎 가루의 항산화성을 알아보기 위하여 모싯잎 가루를 첨가한 보리찐빵의 DPPH 라디컬 소거능, 총 폴리페놀 함량을 측정하여 항산화 활성을 알아보았다. 찐빵의 총 폴리페놀 함량의 결과는 모시 찰보리 찐빵은 찰보리 찐빵보다 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 이는 보리와 찰보리의 시너지 효과로 보인다. 색도 측정을 한 결과, L값은 밀찐빵이 가장 높았고, 찰보리 찐빵이 가장 낮았다. a값은 모시 찰보리 찐빵이 유의적으로 그룹간에서 가장 낮았고(p<0.05), 찰보리 찐빵이 가장 높았다. b값은 모시 찰보리 찐빵이 16.18로 가장 높았고, 찰보리 찐빵이 가장 낮았다. 물리적 특성을 측정한 결과, 밀찐빵에 비해 찰보리 찐빵과 모시 찰보리 찐빵 간에는 경도가 높고, 찰보리 찐빵과 모시 찰보리 찐빵 간에는 경도 차이는 유의적으로 나타나지 않았으며, 탄성력이 모시 찰보리 진빵이 높았고, 부착성이 월등이 낮음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 모싯잎을 첨가한 찰보리 찐빵의 관능검사 결과, 색, 향미, 맛, 촉촉함, 씹힘성, 전반적인 기호도를 알아보았다. 전반적인 기호도는 모시 찰보리 찐빵이 유의적으로 가장 높았으며, 찰보리 찐빵과 대조군(밀찐빵) 간에는 유의성이 없었다. 이상의 관능검사 결과를 보면 모싯잎을 첨가한 밀가루와 보리가루의 비율이 7:3인 찰보리 찐빵이 가장 높은 관능평가를 받은 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 모싯잎을 첨가한 찰보리 찐빵은 높은 항산화 활성뿐만 아니라, 품질 특성을 향상시켰고, 기호도를 증가시켰다. 본 연구는 이러한 기초자료를 바탕으로 찰보리와 모싯잎을 함께 첨가하여 사용하는 것이 식품의 품질 특성 및 기능성을 높이는데 공헌을 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2008

In this research the genotoxic effect of $Polycan^{TM}$ ${\beta}$-glucans originated from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001, was evaluated using the mouse micronucleus test. $Polycan^{TM}$ was administered once a day for 2 days by oral gavage to male ICR mice at doses of 1000, 500 and 250 mg/kg. Cyclophosphamide was used as a known genotoxic agent in a positive control group. The appearance of a micronucleus is used as an index for genotoxic potential. The results obtained indicated that $Polycan^{TM}$ shows no genotoxicity effect up to 1000 mg/kg dosing levels. In addition, it is also considered that there were no problems from cytotoxicity of $Polycan^{TM}$ tested in this study because the polychromatic erythrocyte ratio was detected as > 0.47 in all tested groups.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the hypothesis that a highly pure linear ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan produced by Agrobacterium sp. R259 enhances human natural killer (NK) cell activity and suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In an eight-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 83 healthy adults with white blood cell counts of $4,000-8,000cells/{\mu}L$ were participated and randomly assigned to take two capsules per day containing either 350 mg ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan or placebo. Six participants withdrew their study consent or were excluded due to NK cell activity levels outside the normal range. NK cell activity and serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and cytokines, such as interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ were measured. RESULTS: NK cell activity and the serum levels of IL-10 were significantly higher from baseline to week 8 in the ${\beta}$-glucan group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.048, P = 0.029). Consumption of ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan also significantly increased NK cell activity compared with placebo after adjusting for smoking and stress status (P = 0.009). In particular, the effect of ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan on NK cell activity was greater in participants with severe stress than in those experiencing mild stress. However, the administration ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan did not significantly modulate the levels of IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IgG compared with the placebo. CONCLUSION: The results showed that supplementation with bacterial ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan significantly increased NK cell activity without causing any adverse effects. Additionally, the beneficial effect of ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan on NK cell activity was greater in participants experiencing severe stress.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2021

Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the beta-glucan, ginsenoside content, antioxidant activity and safety of modified Kyungohkgo added to Sparassis crispa and Hericium erinaceum. Methods The marker compounds contents, antioxidant activity and safety of modified Kyungohkgo were tested. The contents of beta-glucan and ginsenoside Rb1, Rg1, and Rg3 marker compounds were measured, the antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, and a safety test was conducted via single dose toxicity assessment. Results Analyzing the contents of marker compounds showed 351.75 mg/g of beta-glucan, 0.0327 mg/g of ginsenoside Rb1 and 0.0802 mg/g of ginsenosai Rg3. In the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the inhibition concentration 50% of modified Kyungohkgo was 0.2880%. The scavenging activity of modified Kyungohkgo was 5.49% activity at 0.05% concentration, 89.66% activity at 0.5% concentration, 94.68% activity at 1% concentration, and 96.06% activity at 5% concentration. In the single dose toxicity test of modified Kyungohkgo, a dose of 2,000 mg/kg B.W. was set at its highest capacity and observed after oral administration to female and male rats. No toxicological findings were recognized. It was observed that the resulting lethal dose can be set to 2,000 mg/kg B.W. or higher for both females and males. Conclusions The results of the experiment on modified Kyungohkgo showed that the marker compounds contents were beta-glucan and ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg3, that antioxidant activity was observed through the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and safety was confirmed through the single dose toxicity assessment.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2022

Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the beta-glucan & ginsenoside content, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect and safety of herbal medicine mix. Methods The marker compounds contents, antioxidant activity and safety of herbal medicine mix were tested. The contents of beta-glucan and ginsenoside Rg3 were measured, the antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory and a safety test was conducted via single dose toxicity assessment. Results Analyzing the contents of marker compounds showed 362.3 mg/g of beta-glucan, and 0.4184 mg/g of ginsenoside Rg3. In the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the IC50 of herbal medicine mix, was 0.146%. The scavenging activity of herbal medicine mix was 88.28% activity at 0.5% concentration, and 90.61% activity at 5% concentration. In the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) anti-inflammatory test, the herbal remix showed a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-𝛼) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to the LPS-induced group. In the single dose toxicity test of herbal medicine mix, a dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight (BW) was set at its highest capacity and observed after oral administration to female and male rats. No toxicological findings were recognized. It was observed that the resulting lethal dose can be set to 2,000 mg/kg BW or higher for both females and males. Conclusions The results of the experiment on herbal medicine mix showed that the marker compounds contents were beta-glucan and ginsenoside Rg3, that antioxidant activity was observed through the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, anti-inflammatory effect was observed through TNF-𝛼 and IL-6 measurement, and safety was confirmed through the single dose toxicity assessment.