• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.878-888
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• 2022

Objective: To investigate the clinical impact of a quality improvement program including dedicated emergency radiology personnel (QIP-DERP) on the management of emergency surgical patients in the emergency department (ED). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study identified all adult patients (n = 3667) who underwent preoperative body CT, for which written radiology reports were generated, and who subsequently underwent non-elective surgery between 2007 and 2018 in the ED of a single urban academic tertiary medical institution. The study cohort was divided into periods before and after the initiation of QIP-DERP. We matched the control group patients (i.e., before QIP-DERP) to the QIP-DERP group patients using propensity score (PS), with a 1:2 matching ratio for the main analysis and a 1:1 ratio for sub-analyses separately for daytime (8:00 AM to 5:00 PM on weekdays) and after-hours. The primary outcome was timing of emergency surgery (TES), which was defined as the time from ED arrival to surgical intervention. The secondary outcomes included ED length of stay (LOS) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate. Results: According to the PS-matched analysis, compared with the control group, QIP-DERP significantly decreased the median TES from 16.7 hours (interquartile range, 9.4-27.5 hours) to 11.6 hours (6.6-21.9 hours) (p < 0.001) and the ICU admission rate from 33.3% (205/616) to 23.9% (295/1232) (p < 0.001). During after-hours, the QIP-DERP significantly reduced median TES from 19.9 hours (12.5-30.1 hours) to 9.6 hours (5.7-19.1 hours) (p < 0.001), median ED LOS from 9.1 hours (5.6-16.5 hours) to 6.7 hours (4.9-11.3 hours) (p < 0.001), and ICU admission rate from 35.5% (108/304) to 22.0% (67/304) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: QIP-DERP implementation improved the quality of emergency surgical management in the ED by reducing TES, ED LOS, and ICU admission rate, particularly during after-hours.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.255-264
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• 1996

목적 : Paclitaxel(Taxol)은 미소관의 집합을 촉진시키고 분해를 방지하여 세포주기 중 유사분열을 정지시킴으로써 방사선조사와 병용할 경우 방사선감작제로서의 가능성이 있다. 정상세포 중 횐쥐의 소장에서 paclitaxel이 방사선의 독성을 증가시키는지 알기 위하여 실험을 시도하였다. 대상 및 방법 : Paclitaxel군은 paclitaxel 10mg/kg을 복강내 1회 주입하였다. 방사선조사군은 8 Gy를 전복부에 단일조사하였다. Paclitaxel과 방사선병용군은 paclitaxel(10mg/kg)을 복강내 주입 후 24시간에 방사선조사군과 동일한 방법으로 조사하였다. 실험완료 후 소장점막에서 유사분열수, apoptosis와 기타 점막의 변화를 시간별로(6시간 -5일) 관찰하였다. 결과 : Paclitaxel은 소장점막의 소낭선세포에서 유사분열을 정지시키며 약간의 apoptosis을 유발하였으며 유사분열정지는 6시간에서 최대치를 보였고 24시간에 정상으로 회복되었다. 방사선조사는 apoptosis를 유발하였으며 6시간에 최대치를 보이고 24시간에 정상으로 회복되었다. Paclitaxel과 방사선병용군에서 유사분열정지는 6시간에서 3일까지 나타났으며 apoptosis는 6시간과 24시간에 약간 보였으며 3일에 정상으로 회복되었다. 병용군에서 apoptosis의 빈도는 정상군보다 높았으나 방사선단독군에 비하여 현저하게 감소되어 방사선보호작용이 있었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 1980

To observe sequential postmortem autolysis in liver of Korean native cattle, liver placed in controlled environment chamber at $23-27.5^{\circ}C$ was treated after various intervals and observed with light microscope. The nuclear fading accompanied by margination of the chromatin in the hepatocytes appeared by 3 to 6 hours, and reduction of the cytoplasmic stainability and haryolisis began at 15 hours after death. Pyknosis of Kupffer's cells was noted by 3 to 20 hours, thereafter followed the decrease in staining of nuclei, but the nuclei were visible until 50 hours after death. Sinusoids and space of Disse were markedly distended at 10 hours, thereafter spaces of Disse were more dilatable than sinusoids. A large number of the erythrocytes in blood vessels were lysed, and the cytoplasmic stainability was largely reduced at 25 hours and nearly disappeared at 40 hours after death.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2006

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of WooBangHaeGiTang on the Allergic Contact dermatitis. Method : Contact hypersensitivity assay, video microscope, WBC count, RBU count, neutrophil ratio, lymphpcyte ratio and GOT & GPT were measurd. Result : 1. At Contact hypersensitivity Aasay, at 24 hours after Control group & Sample group showed appreciably more ear swelling than Normal group, at 48 hours after Control group showed more ear swelling than Normal group & Sample group, at 72 hours after Control group & Sample group showed more ear swelling than Normal group 2. Regarding the number of WBC, at 24 or 48 hours after There are no significant difference among Normal group, Control group. Sample group, at 72 hours after Sample group showed more WBC than Control group. 3. Regarding the number of RBC, at 24 hours after Control group showed more RBC than Normal group, at 48 hours after Control group & Sample group showed more RBC than Normal group. at 72 hours after Control group showed more RBC than Normal group. 4. Regarding the percentage of neutrophil in WBC, at 24 & 48 hours after Control group & Sample group showed higher percentage than Normal group. 5. Regarding the percentage of Lymphocyte in WBC, at 24 hours after Sample group showed lower percentage than Normal group, at 48 hours after Sample group & Control group showed lower percentage than Normal group. 6. Regarding the GOT & GPT in blood, the GOT & GPT are in Normal scale, so there are no Hepatotoxicity in Normal group, Control group, Sample group. Conclusions : According to above experiments, WooBangHaeGiTang have some anti allergy effects on allergic contact dermatitis.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.101-112
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to examine the real life of married women employed in a manufacturing industry by analysis patterns of their time use. Data for 172 married working women were gathered from the use of face-to-face interview method. The results were shown as follows; 1) Married female production workers spend 8 hours 44 minutes a weekday, and 10 hours 39 minutes a Sunday on physiological activities, and on socio-cultural activities 1 hour 50 minutes(weekday), 5 hours 30 minutes (sunday). 10 hours 22 minutes, 2 hours 23 minutes were consumed for the employed time compared to 3 hours 4 minutes, 5 hours 28 minutes for household labor. 2) Married working women's employed labor time is excessively too long while for leisure and house work time is too short, which means the patterns of their time use are very unbalanced type.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.4-18
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thermotherapy on gas pain, post-operative resilience, and body temperature discomfort among patients who received laparoscopic myomectomies. Methods: The experimental group consisted of 62 patients with thermotherapy and the control group consisted of 60 patients. Thermotherapy was applied individually to the experimental group four hours after surgery. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ${\chi}^2$-tests, and repeated measures of analysis of variance, using IBM SPSS Statistics version 18. Results: The results showed no significant interaction effect between the group and time of measurement in gas-related pain in the experimental group. For gas-related pain, there was significant difference in right shoulder pain at 24 hours (t=-4.222, p=.000), 48 hours (t=-3.688, p=.000), 72 hours (t=-2.250, p=.028), and left at 24 hours (t=-3.727, p=.000), 48 hours (t=-4.150, p=.000), and 72 hours (t=-2.482, p=.016) and both shoulders at 24 hours (t=-2.722, p=.009) and 48 hours (t=-2.525, p=.014). There was no significant difference in epigastric pain, excluding both epigastric pain at 48 hours (t=2.908, p=.005), 72 hours (t=3.010, p=.004), but there was a significant difference in objective body temperature discomfort (t=2.895, p=.008). Conclusion: Thermotherapy relieved shoulder gas-related pain and objective body temperature discomfort. It needs to be developed and applied to improve post-operative discomfort in patients with laparoscopic hysterectomies.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2011

청국장으로부터 펩티드 생산 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 청국장을 $40^{\circ}C$에서 180시간 발효시키면서 성분 변화와 펩티드의 형태를 분석하였다. pH는 초기에 7.07을 나타낸 이후 24시간에 pH 7.41, 이후 점차 증가하여 180시간에 pH 8.63을 나타냈다. 산도는 12시간에 0.2, 24시간에 0.5를 나타낸 이후 0.1로 고정되었다. 총당은 초기에 1.54 mg/$m\ell$이었으나, 점차 저하하여 48시간에 0.76 mg/$m\ell$, 120시간에 1.0 mg/$m\ell$, 180시간에 0.8 mg/$m\ell$이었다. 환원당은 초기에 0.14 mg/$m\ell$, 24시간에 0.88 mg/$m\ell$, 48시간에 0.64 mg/$m\ell$, 72시간에 0.26 mg/$m\ell$를 나타내고 180 시간까지 변화가 거의 없었다. 유리 아미노산 양은 초기에 $0.19\;{\mu}M/\ell$, 72시간에 $4.88\;{\mu}M/\ell$, 120시간에 $5.5\;{\mu}M/\ell$이었고, 이후 급격하게 저하하여 180시간에 $0.23\;{\mu}M/\ell$이었다. 280 nm에서의 단백질과 펩티드의 흡광도는 48시간에 12.40, 120시간에 31.12, 180시간에 31.12였다. HPLC 분석 결과, 발효가 진행될수록 큰 분자량의 단백질은 여러 크기의 펩티드와 아미노산으로 분해되었고, 48시간 후는 유형이 거의 같았다. Protease 활성은 발효 36시간에 0.011 unit/$m\ell$로 가장 높았고, 이후 저하하였다. 이상과 같이 청국장은 발효 100시간 후 부터 아미노산의 탈아미노화가 많이 시작되었으므로 펩티드 같은 유용물질은 발효 100시간 이내에 생산하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.40-50
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• 1992

산효유제품(酸酵乳製品) 제조시(製造時) 유산균(乳酸菌) Starter의 산효성(酸酵性)을 촉진(促進)하기 위한 기초연구(基礎硏究)로서 Bulk medium에 Bios 2000, CR starter medium 및 Yeast extract를 각각(各各) 1.5%씩첨가(添加)하고 Lac. bulgaricus, Str. thermophilus 및 Lac. casei를 접종(接種) 배양(培養)하고 산도(酸度), pH 및 유산균수(乳酸菌數)의 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Lactobacillus bulgaricus의 배양(培養)중 산(酸) 생성도(生成度)는 Control구(區)는 배양(培養) 16시간(時間)에 0.99%에 이르렀는데 비하여, CR starter mediurn 첨가구(添加區)는 배양(培養) 12시간(時間)에 1.0%이었고, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 배양(培養) 12시간(時間)에 1.12% 이였으며, Bios 200첨가구(添加區)는 배양(培養) 10시간(時間)만에 0.97%로써 가장 빠른 산생성도(酸生成度)를 보였다. 2. Lac bulgaricus의 배양(培養)중 pH의 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)는 배양(培養) 16시간(時間)에 4.03이였는데 반하여 Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 배양(培養) 10시간(時間)에 4.10에 이르렀다. 또한, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 배양(培養) 12시간(時間)에 3.97, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 배양(培養) 12시간(時間)에 4.05를 나타내었다. 3. Lac. bulgaricus의 배양(培養)중 유산균수(乳酸菌數) 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)가 배양(培養) 16시간(時間)에 $3.1{\times}10^{10}/ml$이 되었는데 반하여 Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 10시간(時間)에 $2.1{\times}10^{10}/ml$에 이르러 가장 빠른 생육(生育) 촉진현상(促進現狀)을 보였다. 한펀, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 12시간(時間)에 $2.9{\times}10^{10}/ml$, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 12시간(時間)에 $3.8{\times}10^{10}/ml$를 나타내었다. 4. Streptococcus thermophilus의 배양(培養)중 Acidlty 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)가 44시간(時間)만에 0.92%에 이르렀으며, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 40시간(時間)에 0.96%, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 0.90% 이었다. 한편, Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 0.97%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 5. Str. thermophilus 배양(培養)중 pH 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)가 44시간(時間)에 4.27 이고, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 40시간(時間)에 4.33, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 4.25이었다. 한편, Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 4.18로 가장 높게 나타났다. 6. Str. thermophilus의 배양(培養)중 유산균수(乳酸菌數) 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)가 44시간(時間)에 $9.8{\times}10^{9}/ml$이고, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 40시간(時間)에 $9.5{\times}10^{8}/ml$, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 $9.6{\times}10^{8}/ml$이었다. 한편, Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 $2.0{\times}10^{9}/ml$로 가장 높게 나타났다. 7. Lactobacillus casei 균종(菌種)의 배양(培養) 중의 Acidity 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)가 40시간(時間)에 0.92%에 이르렀으며, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 40시간(時間)에 0.95%, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 36시간(時間)에 1.01%이었다. 한편, Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 0.94%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 8. Lac. casei 균종(菌種)의 배양(培養)중 pH 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)가 40시간(時間)에 4.27이고, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 40시간(時間)에 4.21, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 36시간(時間)에 4.15이었다. 한편, Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 4.23으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 9. Lac. casei균종(菌種)의 배양(培養)중 유산균수(乳酸菌數) 변화(變化)는 Control구(區)가 40시간(時間)에 $9.4{\times}10^{7}/ml$이고, CR starter medium 첨가구(添加區)는 40시간(時間)에 $1.1{\times}10^{8}/ml$, Yeast extract 첨가구(添加區)는 36시간(時間)에 $5.0{\times}10^{8}/ml$이었다. 한편, Bios 2000 첨가구(添加區)는 32시간(時間)에 $6.4{\times}10^{8}/ml$로 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.163-180
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• 1990

The objective of this study was to investigate the time used for daily activities by rural housewives. This study was carried out two aspects-the amount and the distribution of time. However, the characteristics of agriculture and the farming season influenced on rural housewives activities. There fore, in this study, survey areas divided into two groups-the traditional and the commercial agricultural area. And I conducted surveys in two times-the busy farming season and the leisure season for farmers. Data for 286 housewives(76 in traditional area on the leisure season, and 68 in commercial 142 in traditional area on the busy farming season)were collected by interviews, in which wives were asked to recall the used of time on the previous day, and a time record chart broken into fifteen minute intervals. The statistics for data analysis were frequency, percentile, T-test, and F-test by SPSS PC programs. The findings are as follows; 1)The average total time of rural housewives on labour was 8 hours 53 minutes, on socio-cultural activities 4 hours 18 minutes, and on physiological activities 11 hours 2 minutes. 2) The amount of time on agricultural labour was 6 hours 47 minutes in busy farming season, and 2 hour 45 minutes in leisure season. 3) The average time on household labour was 3 hours 51 minutes. 4) The amount of time on socioculture activities was 2 hours 19 minutes in busy farming, and 6 hours 16 minutes in leisure season. 5) The average time on physiological activities was 11 hours 2 minutes.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1964

In the treatment of mice Aureomycin, Oil penicillin, Achromycin, Ambrasynth and Terramycin were effective on the Black-leg disease when they were administered about 4 to 5 hours before the death of control animals. Synthomycetin, however, was observed to be effective when administered 8 hours or more before the control death. Streptomycin seemed to be rather less effective than Black leg antiserum. It was not effective at all when given 19 hours before the death of control animal although there was a delay of taking death by 5 hours in the treated group. As was in mice, Streptomycin was little effective in the treatment of calves, while other antibiotics showed fine efficacy on the diseased animals. The diseased animals, when given with anitibiotics 37 hours before the death of control showed the rise of temperature($41^{\circ}C$ or more), swelling and redness on the site of infection and then recovcred to normal stage. In the treatment of calves, Aureomycin only delayed the taking death of the deseased animals by 111 hours when administered 4 hours before the death of control animals. And other antibiotics, when given 4 hours before the death of control animals were effective, although the deseased animls developed symptoms such as hard breathing, anorexia and dropsical swellings. Oil penicillin was observed to be comparatively larger in its efficacy on the treatment of Black leg disease.