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Changes in Components and Peptides during Fermentation of Cheonggookjang

청국장 발효시의 성분 변화 및 펩티드의 생성

  • 안용근 (충청대학 식품영양학부)
  • Received : 2011.02.25
  • Accepted : 2011.03.21
  • Published : 2011.03.30

Abstract

We analyzed content and peptides in order to investigate the productivity from Cheonggookjang(fast-fermented soybean paste), fermenting it for 180 hours at $40^{\circ}C$. Results showed that pH was 7.07 at the start and became 7.41 in 24 hours, it eventually increased to 8.63 after 180 hours. Acidity was 0.2 in 12 hours, 0.5 in 12 hours, and then remained on 0.1 thereafter. Total sugar was 1.54 mg/$m\ell$ at the start, but it gradually decreased to 0.76 mg/$m\ell$ after the lapse of 48 hours, and 1.0 mg/$m\ell$ in 120 hours, and finally 0.8 mg/$m\ell$ in 180 hours. Reducing sugar was 0.14 mg/$m\ell$ at the start, and 0.88 mg/$m\ell$ after the lapse of 24 hours, 0.64 mg/$m\ell$ in 48 hours, 0.26 mg/$m\ell$ in 72 hours, and showed no definite change untill 180 hours. The amount of free amino acid was $0.19\;{\mu}M/\ell$ at the start, and $4.88\;{\mu}M/\ell$ after the lapse of 72 hours, $4.5\;{\mu}M/\ell$ in 120 hours, and then it rapidly decreased to $0.23\;{\mu}M/\ell$ after180 hours. Absorbance of soluble protein and peptide at 280 nm was 12.4 in 48 hours, 31.12 in 120 hours, and 31.12 in 180 hours. HPLC revealed that in the fermentation process, large molecular proteins are hydrolyzed into small peptides and amino acids, and after the lapse of 48 hours the pattern became almost the same. The protease activity of Cheonggookjang was 0.011 unit/$m\ell$ after the lapse of 36 hours and then it decreased. The result shows as Cheonggookjang started its deamination of amino acid in 100 hours, it is desirable to produce peptide within 100 hours of its fermentation.

청국장으로부터 펩티드 생산 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 청국장을 $40^{\circ}C$에서 180시간 발효시키면서 성분 변화와 펩티드의 형태를 분석하였다. pH는 초기에 7.07을 나타낸 이후 24시간에 pH 7.41, 이후 점차 증가하여 180시간에 pH 8.63을 나타냈다. 산도는 12시간에 0.2, 24시간에 0.5를 나타낸 이후 0.1로 고정되었다. 총당은 초기에 1.54 mg/$m\ell$이었으나, 점차 저하하여 48시간에 0.76 mg/$m\ell$, 120시간에 1.0 mg/$m\ell$, 180시간에 0.8 mg/$m\ell$이었다. 환원당은 초기에 0.14 mg/$m\ell$, 24시간에 0.88 mg/$m\ell$, 48시간에 0.64 mg/$m\ell$, 72시간에 0.26 mg/$m\ell$를 나타내고 180 시간까지 변화가 거의 없었다. 유리 아미노산 양은 초기에 $0.19\;{\mu}M/\ell$, 72시간에 $4.88\;{\mu}M/\ell$, 120시간에 $5.5\;{\mu}M/\ell$이었고, 이후 급격하게 저하하여 180시간에 $0.23\;{\mu}M/\ell$이었다. 280 nm에서의 단백질과 펩티드의 흡광도는 48시간에 12.40, 120시간에 31.12, 180시간에 31.12였다. HPLC 분석 결과, 발효가 진행될수록 큰 분자량의 단백질은 여러 크기의 펩티드와 아미노산으로 분해되었고, 48시간 후는 유형이 거의 같았다. Protease 활성은 발효 36시간에 0.011 unit/$m\ell$로 가장 높았고, 이후 저하하였다. 이상과 같이 청국장은 발효 100시간 후 부터 아미노산의 탈아미노화가 많이 시작되었으므로 펩티드 같은 유용물질은 발효 100시간 이내에 생산하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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