• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.117-130
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• 2005

Objective : Generation after generation, by Oriental medicine literatures, Soyo-san has been used as a clinical prescription that is important to climacteric syndrome, and also has been used extensively to psyco-neurotic problems, melancholia and stress symptoms. The experimental study of Soyo-san's effect has been reported, but the effect of herbal acupuncture solution by Soyo-san is not reported yet. Thus the purpose of this experiment is to test whether Herbal acupuncture of Soyo-san have anti-stress or antidepressant effects in the menopause or not. Methods : Female Sprague-Dawley(240-260g) rats were used. Temperature controlled within $20-25^{\circ}C$. Water and food not limited, and Manipulated the day and night 12 hours each. In the experiment, enforced Morris water maze after immobilization stress for 5 minutes, and operating Herbal acupuncture of Soyo-san 30 minutes before stress every day during 7 days. Flowed through by 4% paraformaldehyde and fixed brain tissue after test of 7 days. Results : 1) As a result of the acquisition test, Soyo-san group was recognized by significant difference compared to Ovx group and the retention test Soyo-san group increased significantly compared to Sham and Ovx group. 2) Soyo-san group showed that the degree of revealation of Tyrosine hydroxylase decreased comparing to Ovx group in ventral tegmental area and that of Choline acetyltransferase increased comparing to Ovx group in CAI region of Hippocampus. Conclusion : As a result of this experiment to grasp those effects on postmenopausal depression or learing disability and memory disorder, the possibility of Herbal acupunture by Soyo-san is warranted as a suitable treatment to relieve women's monopausal depression and those of stress reaction, improving tearing disability and memory disorder.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.262-268
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• 2006

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the remineralizing effects of Nd : YAG laser irradiation and fluorides application on primary tooth enamel eroded by acidic drink. The materials were 30 sound primary teeth with intact smooth enamel surfaces. They were demineralized with Coca-cola at $37^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours and then irradiated by Nd: YAG laser with 6W power, $50mJ/cm^2$ energy density. and 20Hz pulse repetition. After laser irradiation, teeth were treated by three kinds of fluorides : (1) 0.05% NaF solution, (2) 1.23% APF gel and (3) 0.1% fluoride varnish. Diagnodent scores and microhardness (VHN) were measured before and after the each treatment. The results were as follows: 1. Diagnodent scores decreased to 23.51% from the initial after demineralization, and then increased to 37.37% after laser irradiation, and to 51.34% after fluoride treatment. There were significant differences between the total scores of initial, demineralization, laser irradiation and fluoride treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between scores after fluoride treatment according to fluoride types. 2. Microhardness(VHN) decreased to 33.58% from the initial after demineralization and then increased to 43.99% after laser irradiation, and to 51.38% after fluoride treatment. There were significant differences between the total scores of initial, demineralization, laser irradiation and fluoride treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between scores after fluoride treatment according to fluoride types.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.194-201
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• 2015

We have investigated the EPR signal properties in 12 components of two mobile phones (LCD, OLED) using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer in this study.EPR measurements were performed at normal atmospheric conditions using Bruker EXEXSYS-II E500 spectrometer with X-band bridge, and samples were irradiated by $^{137}Cs$ gamma-ray source. To identify the presence of radiation-induced signal (RIS), the EPR spectra of each sample were measured unirradiated and irradiated at 50 Gy. Then, dose-response curve and signal intensity variating by time after irradiation were measured. As a result, the signal intensity increased after irradiation in all samples except the USIM plastic and IC chip. Among the samples, cover glass(CG), lens, light guide plate(LGP) and diffusion sheet have shown fine linearity ($R^2$ > 0.99). Especially, the LGP had ideal characteristics for dosimetry because there were no signal in 0 Gy and high rate of increase in RIS. However, this sample showed weakness in fading. Signal intensity of LGP and Diffusion Sheet decreased by 50% within 72 hours after irradiation, while signals of Cover Glass and Lens were stably preserved during the short period of time. In order to apply rapidly EPR dosimetry using mobile phone components in large-scale radiation accidents, further studies on signal differences for same components of the different mobile phone, fading, pretreatment of samples and processing of background signal are needed. However, it will be possible to do dosimetry by dose-additive method or comparative method using unirradiated same product in small-scale accident.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.242-246
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• 2017

The application of composite cathode materials including $LiFePO_4$ (lithium iron phosphate) of olivine crystal structure, which has high thermal stability, were investigated as alternatives for hybrid battery-capacitors with a $LiMn_2O_4$ (spinel crystal structure) cathode, which exhibits decreased performance at high temperatures due to Mn-dissolution. However, these composite cathode materials have been shown to have a reduction in capacity by conducting life cycle experiments in which a $LiFePO_4$/activated carbon cell was charged and discharged between 1.0 V and 2.3 V at two temperatures, $25^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$, which caused a degradation of the anode due to the lowered voltage in the anode. To avoid the degradation of the anode, composite cathodes of $LiFePO_4/LiMn_2O_4$ (50:50 wt%), $LiFePO_4$/activated carbon (50:50 wt%) and $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ (50:50 wt%) were prepared and the life cycle experiments were conducted on these cells. The composite cathode including $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ of layered crystal structure showed stable voltage behavior. The discharge capacity retention ratio of $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ was about twice as high as that of a $LiFePO_4/LiMn_2O_4$ cell at thermal stability experiment for a duration of 1,000 hours charged at 2.3 V and a temperature of $80^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2018

The succulent plants of Echeveria genus are in increasing demand worldwide, but it is difficult to supply good quality young plants throughout the year because propagation efficiencies are depend on cultivar and environmental factors. This study was carried out to investigate the propagation efficiencies of leaf cutting in Echeveria cultivars at different LED light qualities in a closed-type plant factory system. Leaf cuttings cut from stock plants of six difficult-to-propagated cultivars 'Afterglow (AG)', 'Berkeley Light (BL)', 'Mason (MS)', 'Subsessilis Light (SL)', 'Cream Tea (CT)', and 'Ben Badis (BB)' were put into cutting media in the plant factory system maintained at a temperature of $24{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of $60{\pm}10%$, and watered with over-head irrigation twice a week. Cuttings were irradiated with sole or mixed red (R, 660 nm), blue (B, 450 nm), green (G, 530 nm), and far-red (FR, 730 nm) LEDs as follows: R10, R8+B2, R5+B5, R7+B2+FR1, and R7+B2+G1. PPFD just above the cuttings was $200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and photoperiod was 16/8 (light/dark) hours. As a result, propagation efficiencies were dependent on cultivar. Rooting and shooting were relatively easy in 'SL' but shoot formation in 'AG' was very difficult. Light qualities from LEDs also affected plant regeneration. Light conditions with a higher ratio of B, R5+B5, R7+B2+FR1, and R7+B2+G1, promoted shoot formation and growth but inhibited rooting and root growth. R10 and R8+B2 with a higher ratio of R promoted rooting and root growth and inhibited shoot formation and growth of cuttings. In addition, the treatment with FR increased leaf size and biomass of the all plants. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the optimum compositions of LED light quality for the improvement of leaf cutting efficiency in difficultto-propagated Echeveria cultivars.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1986

Follicular flxid (FF) and their matched oocytes were obtained from 58 follicles of 27 women who underwent an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure with ovarian hyperstimulation by clomiphene citrate(n=8), hMG(n=9),FSH/hMG(n=10). Follicular aspiration was performed 36 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin administration. The concentcation of androstendione (ADD), testosterone (T) was correlated with hyperstimulation regimens, the morphology of the oocyte-corona-cumulus complex (OCCC), oocyte fertilization, and the incidence of pregnancy after embryo transfer. The results were as follows. 1. According to hyperstimulation regimens, there was no significant differance in FF ADD and T concentrations of the similar morphology of OCCC. 2. In clomiphene-treated and FSH/hMG-treated cycles, FF ADD concentrations of preovulatory oocytes were 43.09${\pm}$9.53 ng/ml and 59.46${\pm}$9.09 ng/ml, those of immature occytes were 96.98${\pm}$16.55 ng/ml and 116.13${\pm}$36.81 ng/ml, those of atretic oocytes were 246.5 ${\pm}$9.25 ng/ml and 634.25${\pm}$9.25 ng/ml respectively, reflecting the significant relationship between FF ADD level and morphologic maturity of OCCC (p<0.05). But in hMG-treated cycles, such relationship was not found (p>0.1). In clomiphene-treated and FSH/hMG-treated cycles, FF T concentrations of preovulatory oocytes were 11.37${\pm}$2.38 ng/ml and 11.68${\pm}$1.73 ng/ml respectively which were significantly lower than those of atretic oocytes (25.1${\pm}$7.50 ng/ml and 23.25${\pm}$0.95 ng/ml respectively) (p<0.05). But in all cycles, FF T concentrations of immature oocytes were not significantly different from those of preovulatory oocytes, artetic oocytes (p>0.1). 3. In hMG-treated and FSH/hMG-treated cycles, FF ADD concentrations of fertilized oocytes were 32.43${\pm}$4.09 ng/ml and 42.61${\pm}$4.82 ng/ml respectively which were significantly lower than those of non-fertilized oocytes (72.18${\pm}$17.31 ng/ml and 108.09${\pm}$17.32 ng/ml respectively) (p<0.05), but in clomiphene-treated cycles there was no significant difference (p>0.1). In FSH/hMG-treated cycles, FF T concentration of fertilized oocytes was 7.33${\pm}$1.06 ng/ml which was significantly lower than that of non-fertilized oocytes (20.3${\pm}$6.21 ng/ml) (p>0.02), but in clomiphne-treated and hMG-treated cycles there was no significant difference (p>0.1). 4. In all cycles FF ADD and T concentrations did not correlated with the success of pregnancy after embryo transfer. Above results suggested that FF ADD and T may play an important role in oocyte maturation and fertilization, but their relationship with the success of psegnancy was not found.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three water temperatures (15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$) in combination with three salinities (0, 15 and 30 psu) on the oxygen consumption rate of juvenile spotted sea bass, Lateolabrax maculatus (mean body weight $5.5{\pm}0.3g$). The oxygen consumption rates of L. maculatus were measured in triplicate for 24 hours using a continuous flow-through respirometer. Water temperature resulted in significant differences in the mean oxygen consumption rate of L. maculatus (p<0.001), but salinity and combinations of salinity and water temperature did not have (p>0.05). The oxygen consumption increased with increasing water temperatures in all experimental salinity regimes (p<001). Mean oxygen consumption rates at 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$ ranged 328.8~342.3, 433.9~441.0 and 651.5~659.9 mg $O_2\;kg^{-1}\;h^{-1}$, respectively. $Q_{10}$ values did not vary with salinity, bud varied with water temperature. $Q_{10}$ values ranged 1.63~1.75 between 15 and $20^{\circ}C$, 2.24~2.26 between 20 and $25^{\circ}C$, and 1.92~1.98 over the full temperature range. The energy loss by metabolic cost increased with increasing water temperatures in all experimental salinity regimes (p<0.001) Mean energy loss rates at 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$ ranged 224.6~233.8, 296.3~301.2 and $444.9{\sim}450.7kJ\;kg^{-1}\;d^{-1}$, respectively. These data suggest that the culture of juvenile spotted sea bass is possible without energy loss by salinity difference in freshwater as well as seawater after salinity acclimation. Thus, this result has an application for culture management and bioenergetic model for growth of this species.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2010

We have developed a sodium fluoride containing gelatin and methyl cellulose gel. Cariostatic abilities of those gel were investigated and compared with APF gel and fluoride varnish($Cavityshield^{TM}$). We prepared the bovine tooth samples and divided into two surface, control side and experimental side in same specimen for exclusion of difference between specimens. The experiment was consisted of 4 groups : (I) APF gel : (II) $Cavityshield^{TM}$ : (III) Gelatin F gel : (IV) Methyl cellulose F gel Decalcification were produced by placing each specimen into artificial acidic solution(pH 4.0) for 72 hours. Surface microhardness were measured and depth of demineralization lesion were measured by polarizing light microscope. The results were as follows: 1. The difference of VHN between control and experimental side is smallest in group I (p<0.05). 2. The largest difference was shown in group II (p<0.05). 3. There were no significant difference between group III and IV in microhardness test (p>0.05). 4. The difference of lesion depth is smallest in group I (p<0.05). 5. There were no significant difference between group II, III and IV in lesion depth (p>0.05). The result of the present study indicate that the fluoride containing gelatin and methyl cellulose gel is more effective than APF gel and is similar to fluoride varnish application for prevention of demineralization.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nonwoven fabrics weight(Ounce) on growth, quality and yield of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. var. makwa Mak.). Seedling of 'Gumssaragi-Eunchun' was grafted on 'Shinthozoa' root stock. In this study, The minimum air temperature in 6 ounce at night was $4.8^{\circ}C,\;6.9^{\circ}C$ in 9 ounce, $7.9^{\circ}C$ in 12 ounce and $8.0^{\circ}C$ in 15 ounce, respectively. Leaf length, stem diameter, leaf numbers, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight for 30 days after planting were better in high minimum air temperature at night than in low minimum air temperature, particularly leaf areas of the plant in 9 ounce was $370cm^2$ at 30 days after planting, $116\%$ in 12 ounce, $129\%$ in 15 ounce. The xylem exudates amount in 9 ounce for 24 hours just after basal stem abscission was 10.1mg. It was 1.2 times much in 12 ounce and 1.9times much in 15 ounce than in 9 ounce at 30 days after planting. The blooming of female was faster by 6 days in 15 and 12 ounce but was delayed by 3 days in 6 ounce than 9 ounce, and the days of blooming to harvesting were shorter by 3 days in 15 ounce and 4 days in 12 ounce but was delayed by 3 days in 6 ounce than in 9 ounce. Fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, soluble solids, and total yield was the highest in 15 ounce followed by 12 ounce,9 ounce and 6 ounce. Fermented fruit rate was the highest in 6 ounce followed by 9 ounce, 12 ounce and 15 ounce, and marketable fruit rates were 15, 12, 9 and 6 ounce in order. Compared to 1,781kg yield per 10a of 9 ounce, $19\%\;and\;49\%$ was increased under 12 ounce and 15 ounce but $47\%$ were decreased 6 ounce.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.158-165
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• 2002

Purpose: We designed this retrospective study to establish the incidence of diagnosic delay in children diagnosed with acute appendicitis and to identify associated factors with delayed diagnosis and its impact on the clinical course. Methods: All cases of children under 15 years of age who underwent appendectomy from 1996 to 2001 at Gangneung Asan Hospital were reviewed. We reviewed signs and symptoms, type of health professional first contacted, the advice given by the health professional and a history of appendicitis in first degree relatives. Diagnostic period is the time elapsed between first complaints and definitive diagnosis. Delay was defined as diagnostic period exceeded the 48 hours. Postoperative course and complications were also reviewed. Results: Incidence of diagnostic delay differed by whether diarrhea and fecalith on X-ray were present. Also children whose parents were advised to observe them at home were more likely to have a diagnostic delay. In almost half of the cases in delayed group, initial diagnosis was not acute appendicitis but gastroenteritis. The perforation rate in non-delayed group was 22%, whereas 87% in delayed group. The delayed group showed a higher number of postoperative complication and a longer hospitalization period. Conclusions: Diarrhea with abdominal pain and fever in children should not be dismissed as gastroenteritis, respiratory infections or other common disorders. Our study suggests that physicians have a responsibility to prevent diagnostic delay and resultant perforation of acute appendicitis in children by having a high index of suspicion about acute appendicitis.