Purpose: This study identified the planning trends for formal and informal learning spaces in the college of medicine through literature reviews. And then, by the analysis of the actual condition of existing domestic facilities, It was organized the architectural planning baseline data and future directions for the formal and informal learning spaces in the college of medicine. Methods: This study was conducted using literature reviews on the existing medical education method and learning space planning. Subsequently on-site surveys and questionnaires were conducted at existing facilities. Results: In the past, learning space of the college of medicine was considered only a formal learning space such lecture rooms, labs. But lately it has been turned into a total learning concept that embraces shared learning spaces such as libraries, student spaces, amenities and common spaces such as lobbies and hallways. ① Formal learning spaces are composed of teaching and practice areas. Since It is the basic functions that comprise the college of medicine, this paper conducted a functional analysis based on the current operating system of the College of Medicine and provided baseline data on architectural planning such as function, layout, zoning, and detailed planning. ② The informal learning sharing space was divided into a library area and a student well-being and convenience area to analyze the real conditions of domestic medical college. In addition, by comparing the trends and differences in foreign medical colleges identified by literature analysis, this paper summarizes the need to revitalize informal learning spaces and their integration into formal learning spaces, architectural planning considerations, etc. Implications: the evolution of the learning method and the flexibility of the learning space bring about changes in the learning space.

Purpose: This study is a case study in which the space was improved by applying the design direction derived through the theoretical basis and service design process to the outpatient department and health examination center in mental health facilities used by various stakeholders. And it aims to present implications through this. Methods: The research method is based on the analysis of the service design process with a focus on literature review. Results: As a result of deriving the design direction, it was organized into 1) improvement of spatial arrangement, 2) improvement of wayfinding system, and 3) creation of comfortable environment. The design improvement plan suggested division of areas, change of nurse station location, creation of a pleasant waiting space for the outpatient department, reinforcement of access, improvement of room relocation and flow, and increased comfort of common spaces for the health examination center. Implications: First, it is necessary to expand research and application of spatial planning and environmental design reflecting the characteristics of patients and environments of mental health institutions. Second, in the medical environment, the divided territoriality should be reviewed for various stakeholders as well as the coexistence. Third, it is necessary to promote medical service and environmental improvement through the service design process.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the changes in hospital accreditation evaluations, the changes in hospital building design guidelines, and the development of design indicators for reducing medical accidents in the state-of-the-art healthcare providers. Methods: The changes and tools were carefully investigated and compared that had been taken place and used in the building certification standards, design guidelines, and patient safety design standards to reduce accidents in the United States and the United Kingdom. Results: First, medical accidents are recognized as multiple defense layers rather than personal ones, and a public reporting and learning system is created, reporting the accidents in question publicly and suggesting ways to improve them based on the data at a time. Second, for the accreditation institute that secures the service quality of medical institutions, detailed standards for patient safety are continuously updated with focus on clinical trials. The United States is in charge of the private sector, but on the other hand the United Kingdom is in charge of the public sector. Third, the design guidelines are provided as web-based tools that complement various guidelines for patient safety, and are improved and developed as well. Fourth, detailed approaches are continuously developed and provided to secure patient safety and reduce medical accidents through appropriate research, evidence-based design and strict evaluations. Implications: When medical institutions make efforts to strength patient safety methods through valid design standards, accidents are expected to decrease, whereby hospital finances are also to be improved. A higher level of medical quality service will sure be secured through comprehensive certification evaluation.

Purpose: The negative pressure isolation ward is a key facility in preparedness and response to infectious diseases. For the sustainable operation of the facility, appropriate facility improvement is required. The experience of medical staff responding to infectious diseases in the COVID-19 pandemic provides effective informations for facility planning. Methods: The post occupancy evaluation (POE) was conducted by interviewing medical staff who is working on Nationally designated negative pressure isolation ward in general hospital. Floor plan analysis was conducted before field surveys for identifying facility characteristic and spatial composition. After that, field surveys were conducted at 3 hospitals, and interviews and fieldwork were conducted together. Results: It is necessary to increase the standard size of ward area from 15m² to 20m². The size of the doffing room has to be planned for accommodation of two or more people. Equipment storage, clean storage and waste storage also should be properly planned. There were almost no problems with the circulation in the ward. There was not enough space for medical staff. Implications: For a sustainable and safe negative pressure isolation ward planning, it is necessary to exploit learning from the medical staffs who have many experiences of coping with infectious diseases.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to derive the residential environment design elements that affect suicide, and then analyze the actual situation in terms of suicide prevention and suggest implications. Methods: The study was conducted through literature analysis, field surveys, and interviews with stakeholders. Results: As a result of extracting the variables related to the residential environment that affect suicide suggested in a total of 18 papers, 15 variables were extracted and organized into major categories such as housing type, health and welfare facilities, leisure and cultural facilities, and living environment. Next, we selected a public rental housing complex with a relatively high suicide rate among multi-family housing as the case, and conducted a empirical analysis. It was investigated that the facilities were insufficient, and apart from the quantitative satisfaction of the rest, various problems were exposed, such as the classification of users according to age and insufficient management in terms of the actual use of residents including suicide attempters. Implications: First, it is necessary to search for the design direction of the residential environment for suicide prevention. Second, it is necessary to find a way to solve the exclusion phenomenon that appears in space and programs. Third, when planning a space for suicide prevention, understanding of the behavior of high-risk groups should be reflected.

Purpose: Senior long-term care facilities are vulnerable to a cluster infection because of frequent physical contact, large group dining, communal living, and room sharing. This study aims to provide architectural improvement plans for a quarantine system in the facilities. Methods: Actual quarantine action data, guidelines from governments and institutes, in-depth interviews with facility staff are analyzed. Results: To prevent a cluster infection in the senior facilities, it is necessary to provide an architectural plan focusing on increasing the number of single rooms and isolation rooms, providing isolation rooms for staff, separation of a soiled room from a clean room, planing an entry vestibule and a visitor's room. Implications: It is important to analyze the existing condition of facilities that had been going through cohort isolation and provide the architectural solution to strengthen infection control.

Purpose: It is important to plan the ward module at a time when the size of beds, the floor area, and the construction budget are all set prior to the hospital design. In this context this study aims (1) to derive various factors affecting the ward module, and (2) to analyze the appropriate room module according to the type. Methods: Design factors related to hospital modules are derived through precedential studies, and the types of ward elevation are classified by reviewing the drawings of 18 case hospitals. And the detailed dimensions and area of the derived elements are analyzed. Results: The X-axis modules of the ward are switched to long span structural columns of 9.9 m, 12.6 m and 13.2 m, but the ward modules still represent 6.6 m. The Y-axis module of the ward shows a dimension of 9 to 9.9m in the process of changing a multi-person room into a four-person room. Type A of curtain wall with columns located on the wall of the room and type B of curtain wall located in the center of the room are analyzed due to their variations. The square window type, which forms the elevation of the square window by exposing the columns to the elevation, and the outframe type, which protrudes from the structural columns and beams, have elevation designs limited. There are, however, no obstacles to the interior space of the hospital room, so the wall composition and furniture arrangement are expected to be free. The ward area of Curtain Wall Type A, which can secure an effective area of 5.9m*5.0m, are 52.1m². The Curtain Wall Type A, Square window type, and the outframe type are 49.8m². Implications: As part of the hospital standard module plan for economical and reasonable hospital building planning, a type was proposed in this study in conjunction with the external design. It is hoped that it be a base for standard module research linked together to the Central Treatment department, Outpatient department and underground parking lot.