Poisonous mushrooms have attracted much attention of scientists because of the unique chemical structures and the remarkable biological properties of their toxic components. A wide range of compounds has been characterized as toxic principles, and some of them have widened the horizons of chemical and biological research. Therefore, poisonous mushrooms can serve for a resource of biomedical application. We will describe the recent progress of such aspect of poisonous mushrooms.

A method for rapid propagation of mature Jack fruit was developed. Four types of explants (mature embryos, apical meristems of young seedlings, apices from mature plants and nodal segments) were used. It has been found 88% of young apical meristems produced shoots in Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium compared to 60% in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Only 1/3 of them produced multiple shoots. Shoot idtiation from nodal segments was very rare. Mature apices produced callus. Although removed of the sheathing cover around mature buds enhanced the shoot initiation but success rate was low in growth regulator free medium. Embryos respond to the CD medium but not to the MS medium. Embryos from seeds soaked in water for 24 hours produced shoots after 8 weeks of incubation and the success rate was 70% while embryos from dry seeds only produced roots. There was no significant effect of cold storage (refrigeration) for 7 days on shoot initiation from mature embryos (65%) but the ability for shoot induction declines with storage time (55% after 21 days of cold storage). Mature axillary buds were established in Modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium supplemented with 0.5mg/1 and IBA. There was a significant difference in the growth performance of shoots according to the period of the year in which explants were collected. Highest (60%) was observed in November-January period. It was only 30% when the explants were collected in February-April or May-July and decreased to 20% in August-October. The shoots produced in November-January showed a higher vigor than those produced in other months. Since Jak fruit show seasonal changes in fruit bearing and shedding of leaves, it can be suggested that the difference in growth performances of tissues cultured in artificial culture media would have been affected by endogenous rhythms.

The region activation have attracted much attention of politician, government, scholar, local residents and so on, but it is very difficult and delicate. The policy of Inje-Gun government are jump into the lucrative tourism, the strong agriculture, the comfortable welfare and the attentive administration. But the present status is very poor. Economic self-supporting index is only 19%. The policy will achieve by increase of economic self-supporting. I am going to propose some item for region activation in Inje-Gun. The items are medicinal garden construction, green tourism, local festival, residents increase and so on.

The aim of the present study isto assess the importance of siderophore producing rhizosphere bacteria on the growth of Brassica junceaunder chromium stress. Pseudomonassp. (A4) produced an iron chelating substance siderophores in iron deficient medium. under chromium stress condition Pseudomonassp. (A4) markedly increased the root and shoot length and also biomass of Brassica juncea as compared to Pseudomonas sp. (A3). This plant growth promotion has been related to the microbial production of siderophore.

1. After 8 weeks of storage, TBARS, VBN and POV values of sausages treated with 0.3% EEP, 0.4% DREEP, 0.2% PS and 0.3% WEP at 4$^{\circ}C$, respectively, lower than that of the control samples. 2. The antioxidative effects of boiled WEP was stronger than room temperature WEP. 3. The results show that materials with low boiling point contain strong antioxidant compounds. 4. EEP, WEP and DREEP can serve as good chemical preservatives of pook meat products and can promote human health because they are naturally produced.

Enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis are present in the highest concentration in the adrenal medulla, however they were found also in other, mainly nervous tissues. Increased transcription of genes for catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes is an important mechanism to increase the capacity for epineprine/norepinephrine biosynthesis with stress. Gastrodia elata(Chinese name: Tienma), are very important Chinese herbal medicines used for the medical treatment of headaches, migraine, dizziness, epilepsy, rheumatism, neuralgia, paralysis and other neuralgic and nervous disorders. Immobilize stressed rat markedly increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA and dopamine-$\beta$-hydroxylase (DBH) mRNA transcription level more than control group. But treated Gastrodia elata extracts in immobilized stressed rat slightly increased TH mRNA and DBH mRNA transcription level more than normal group. In addition, we are obtained identical results in PC12 cell line. Decrease of transcription level of TH mRNA and DBH mRNA is indicating that Gastrodia elata have a anti-stress effects which decrease the transcription level of TH and DBH mRNA on catecholamine biosynthesis pathway.

This experiment was carried out the investigation of proper temperature of germination and growth responses of turf grass to different seedling ages. The results were as follows; 1. It was indicated that the proper temperature of germination was 30$^{\circ}C$ of day and 15$^{\circ}C$ of night, and day length was 14/10 hrs. 2. It was observed that 50 days of seedling was excellent with growth components such as number of tiller, length of tillering, number of node and internode length.

The Xylariaceae Tul. & C. Tul is a family of sphaeriaceous genera with obscure but apparently common ancestry (Rogers, 1979). A central core of genera - Xylaria, Hypoxylon, Rosellinia, Poronia, Podosordaria, Hypocopra, Daldinia, Biscogniauxia, Kretzschmaria, Camillea, Penzigia - are obviously related, regardless of the fact that the generic limits are arguable (Rogers, 1979; Barr, 1990; Eriksson & Hawksworth, 1991; Laessoe, 1994). In general, the family Xylariaceae is primarily defined as a group of stromatic pyrenomycetes with unitunicate asci characterized by a typical apical apparatus and pigmented ascospores having a germ slit (Rogers, 1979). Since Winter (1887) circumscribed the family to include Pyrenomycetes with predominately a dark stroma, dark unveiled spores containing 5 geners: Nummularia Tul, & C. Tul., Hypoxylon Bull., ustulina Tul. & C.Tul., Poronia Willd. and XylariaHill ex Schrank, many more genera has been added to the family (Dennis, 1961; Eriksson & Hawksworth, 1993; Whalley, 1996). In the absence of the clear circumscription of the family (Rogers, 1994) the agreed number of accepted genera is governed by individual views and there are therefore difference between the proposals for the ascomycetes recognized 35 genera and indicated a further 3 which might belong there. Laessore reviewed the family and included 37 genera but a few of these were listed as uncertain (Laessoe, 1994). In the most recent accounts Whalley (1996) listed 41 genera but again a number of these were considered uncertain and Ju and Rogers (1996) accepted 39 genera in their interpretation of the family. Since Laessoe (1994) merged Daldinia and Versiomyces with Hypoxylonand Ju and Rogers (1996) combined Astrocystis with Resellinia and Helicogermslita, which can be argued strongly against, it is likely that a realistic number of genera will be close to 40(Whalley, 1996; table 1).

Isolation and culture of leaf protoplasts from two chilli cultivars (Capsicum annuum var. accumnatum and Bird chilli) were developed to enhance selection process in the somatic hybridization programmes. In order to isolate the protoplasts from leaves of these two chilli cultivars different incubation periods (3, 5 and 10 hours) were tested with combinations of enzyme mixtures containing cellulase and macerozyme. Leaves were incubated on three enzyme mixtures (2% cellulase + 0.4% macerozyme, 1% cellulase + 0.2% macerozyme and 0.5% cellulase + 0.1 % macerozyme in 13% mannitol) at 251oC in the dark. Three hours of incubation using 2% cellulase and 0.4% macerozyme was the best for the protoplast isolation of both chilli cultivars tested. The yield was 5 ${\times}$ 108protoplasts/ml/ g leaf tissue in both chilli varieties. It was found that in the mixed nurse method using Nagata and Takebe (NT) medium supplemented with 1.0mg/12,4-D, NAA and BAP with 0.5M mannitol and 1.2% Sea Plaque agarose is the best medium for protoplast culture. Protoplasts of Capsicum annum var. accumnatum were alive for 14 days forming cell walls and initiating cell division.

An efficient plant regeneration system was developed for Hordeum vulgare L. cv Baegdong - an important Korean cultivar. The protocol was based on a series of experiments involving the sizes of mature embryos and the culture media. The embryo size is found to be critical for the establishment of embryogenic callus. Embryos of 1.1-1.5 mm size showed a much higher ability to produce embryogenic callus capable of regenerating green plants. The auxins picloram and dicamba proved effective in inducing callus from mature embryos. $2.5\;m;I^{-1}$ dicamba and $4.0\;mg\;I^{-1}$ picloram in Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium was optimum for the induction of primary callus. The induced primary callus was loose and friable which ultimately developed into creamy white and compact callus after transferring into the fresh medium. Multiple shoots were induced in the MS medium supplemented with $6.0\;g\;I^{-1}$ maltose, $20\;mg\;I^{-1}$ sorbitol, $0.5\;mg\;I^{-1}$ 2, 4-D and $1.0\;mg\;I^{-1}$ kinetin and the rate was 6.5 shoots per embryo. Regenerated plants were hardy and developed roots rapidly in the medium containing $0.2\;I^{-1}$ IBA. This efficient plant regeneration system provides a foundation for generating transgenic plants of this important barley cultivar.