The methanol and benzene extracts of the leaves of 55 higher plants in Korea were tested for their antibacterial activity against three Gram positive bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and one Gram negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Among them, the methanol extract of the leaves of Liriodendron tulipifera showed remarkably potent antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and negative bacteria.

Male rats were fed diets containing perilla oil, sardine oil or corn oil for 15 weeks in order to investigate their antithrombotic effects. Rats given perilla oil and sardine oil diets showed significantly longer bleeding time, and lower level of malondialdehyde generation during thrombin-induced aggregation of platelets than rats given corn oil. With regard to the composition of platelet fatty acid, the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) $(20:5{\omega}3)$ to arachidonic acid $(20:4{\omega}6)$ of perilla oil, sardine oil and corn oil treated rats were 0.54, 0.96 and 0.01, respectively, suggesting that linolenic acid $(18:3{\omega}3)$ of perilla oil was metabolized to EPA which is known to have antithrombotic activity.

The effects of the water extract of 'Banhahubagtang', the combined herbal medicine, on the low esophageal sphincter, stomach, small intestine and CNS were investigated, and the results were as follows: The hexobarbital induced sleeping time was prolonged in female mice. The convulsion induced by electric shock was suppressed and analgesic action was recognized in mice. The extract inhibited intestinal propulsion of barium sulfate in mice. The extract inhibited free acid secretion and showed remarkable suppression of gastric ulcer in rats. Relaxation induced by isoproterenol and norepinephrine in low esophageal sphincter(L.E.S.) of rabbit was potentiated by addition of the extract. In conclusion, the Banhahubagtang exhibited anticonvulsive, sedative and L.E.S. inhibitory activities. These experimental results might indicate to be coincided with the indications for neuro-esophago-stenosis, esophagitis, esophagia, gastralgia, and neurosis which are well referred to the literature of oriental medicine.

Aconites distribute widely in northern hemispere of the earth reaching to arctic zone from warm and temperate one. Hitherto, these tuberous roots, 'Cho O', have been known to be famous plant poisons and essential important drugs possessing many remedial effects in each region of the world, especially in Korea and China. In Korea, although these plants grow widely in whole districts, their classifications are quite obscure. Especially, Aconitum triphyllum $N_{AKAI}$ is distributed whole districts. To clarify the botanical origin of 'Cho O', we studied on the anatomical characteristics of Aconitum triphyllum $N_{AKAI}$ growing wild in Korea. As a result, the environmental varieties of A. triphyllum $N_{AKAI}$ were recognized.

Onion extracts were tested for effects on the growth and lactic acid production of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in the medium containing mercury. The media containing mercury were added with onion extracts and inoculated with the bacterium and then incubated at $39^{\circ}$ for four days. All of the onion extracts examined increased the growth and lactic acid production of the bacterium in the medium containing mercury. At the addition of the edible portion extract of onion to the medium containing 5 ppm, 10 ppm and 20 ppm mercury, the higher the concentration of the onion extract was added, the greater the increasing effect on the growth and lactic acid production. The brown peel extract of onion increased the growth and lactic acid production of the bacterium in the medium containing mercury at all concentrations. The higher the concentration of the extract added, the more effective the increasing effect. The onion solutions of edible portion and brown peel extracted at $90^{\circ}\;to\;100^{\circ}$ showed more desirable effects than those extracted at the room temperature. Among four kinds of the onion extracts, the brown peel solution extracted at $90^{\circ}\;to\;100^{\circ}$ was the most effective in increase of the growth and lactic acid production in the medium containing mercury.

Mustard leaf and seed showed the protective effect on lipid peroxidation in mouse liver. Their active principle was turned out to be sinapine.

Two triterpenes were isolated from the root of Agastache rugosa (Labiatae). Compound I, mp $238{\sim}240^{\circ}$, was identified as erythrodiol-3-O-acetate and Compound II, mp $223{\sim}225^{\circ}$, as 3-O-acetyl oleanolic aldehyde.