The message propagation between vehicles must be efficiently performed to quickly transmit information between vehicles in vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs). Broadcasting can be the most effective solution for propagating these messages. However, broadcasting can cause broadcast storm problems, which can reduce the performance of the overall network. Therefore, rapid information delivery in VANET requires a method that can propagate messages quickly without causing the broadcast storm problems. This paper proposes a lightweight and opportunistic broadcast (LOB) protocol that leverages the features of opportunistic routing to propagate messages quickly while minimizing the load on the network in VANETs where the network topology changes frequently. LOB does not require any routing information like greedy forwarding scheme, and neighboring nodes at the farthest distance within the range of transmission nodes are likely to be selected as forwarding nodes, and multiple forwarding candidate nodes like opportunistic routing scheme can increase packet transmission rates. Simulation results using ns-2 showed that LOB outperformed existing broadcast protocols in terms of packet rate and packet delay.

The nodes constituting the vehicle ad hoc network (VANET) are vehicles moving along the road and road side units (RSUs) installed around the road. The vehicle ad hoc network is used to collect the status, speed, and location information of vehicles driving on the road, and to communicate with vehicles, vehicles, and RSUs. Today, as the number of vehicles continues to increase, urban roads are suffering from traffic jams, which cause various problems such as time, fuel, and the environment. In this paper, we propose a method to solve traffic congestion problems on urban roads and demonstrate that the method can be applied to solve traffic congestion problems through performance evaluation using two typical protocols of vehicle ad hoc networks, AODV and GPSR. The performance evaluation used ns-2 simulator, and the average number of traffic jams and the waiting time due to the average traffic congestion were measured. Through this, we demonstrate that the vehicle ad hoc-based traffic congestion management technique proposed in this paper can be applied to urban roads in smart cities.

In this paper, we propose a novel method of performing convolutional operations on a 2-D Processing Element(PE) array. The conventional method [1] of mapping the convolutional operation using the 2-D PE array lacks flexibility and provides low utilization of PEs. However, by mapping a convolutional operation from a 2-D PE array to a 1-D PE array, the proposed method can increase the number and utilization of active PEs. Consequently, the throughput of the proposed Deep Convolutional Neural Network(DCNN) accelerator can be increased significantly. Furthermore, the power consumption for the transmission of weights between PEs can be saved. Based on the simulation results, the performance of the proposed method provides approximately 4.55%, 13.7%, and 2.27% throughput gains for each of the convolutional layers of AlexNet, VGG16, and ResNet50 using the DCNN accelerator with a (weights size) x (output data size) 2-D PE array compared to the conventional method. Additionally the proposed method provides approximately 63.21%, 52.46%, and 39.23% power savings.

In this paper, we presents a Multiple User Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) test-bed system for Time Division Duplex (TDD) Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A). Using two parameters, the condition number of the channel matrix and the path gain, the MU-MIMO system could switch pre-coder to maintain target Bit Error Rate (BER) level. This paper also introduces a calibration procedure for compensating error of Radio Frequency (RF) paths of the antennas and RF transceivers. From experimental measurements, dynamic pre-coding scheme could maintain target BER, set to 10^-3, with the pre-coder set configured with Zero Forcing (ZF), Tomlinson Harashima Pre-coding (THP), Lattice Reduction (LR). The simplest pre-coder ZF is adopted in stable channel, and when path gain become less than 0.25, LR is adopted. Lastly, when condition number of channel matrix become larger than 7, THP is adopted.

The application of digital technology to instrumentation and control systems in nuclear power plants has overcome many shortcomings of analog technology, but the threat of cybersecurity has increased. Along with other systems, the reactor protection system also uses digital-based equipment, so responding to cybersecurity threats is essential. We generally determine cybersecurity threats according to the role and function of the system. However, since the instrumentation and control system has various systems linked to each other, it is essential to analyze cybersecurity threats together between the connected systems. In this paper, we analyze the cybersecurity threat of the reactor protection system with the associated facilities. To this end, we quantitatively identified the risk of the reactor protection system by considering safety functions, a communication type, the use of analog or digital-based equipment of the associated systems, and the software vulnerability of the configuration module of the reactor protection system.

This study aims to understand the effects of perceived usefulness, perceived ease, and expected matching on user satisfaction and continuous use intention for the learning management system (LMS). To this end, an online survey was conducted on K University students located in Chungcheongbuk-do, and 488 data were analyzed and utilized. First, it was found that the expected match of the learning management system had an effect on perceived usefulness and perceived ease. Second, it was found that perceived usefulness, perceived ease, and expected matching had an effect on user satisfaction. Perceived usefulness, user satisfaction and perceived ease of use were found to have an effect on the intention to continue using. It can be seen that the improvement of the quality of the university education system has an effect on the improvement of learners' learning effects and satisfaction. Accordingly, it is necessary to seek various ways to continuously manage the quality of the learning management system.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of quality management system requirements, a management innovation technique, on business performance to secure the competitiveness of SMEs in an environment of increasing uncertainty in the global economy and intensifying competition. To this end, a survey was conducted on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating a quality management system, and statistical analysis was performed through validity and reliability analysis, regression analysis, and group analysis using IBM SPSS 26.0. As a result of the study, it was found that planning, operation, support, and improvement, which are the core requirements of a quality management system, have a positive effect on business performance. In addition, through group analysis, it was found that the effect of quality management system requirements on business performance varies according to the level of the company. This means that the importance of quality management requirements required for strategy establishment varies according to the quality management introduction level of small and medium-sized manufacturers, and it can be used for small and medium-sized manufacturers to set strategic directions.

Social innovation refers to activities that solve social problems by developing new ideas in cooperation with actors close to the field for the purpose of preserving the sustainability of society. In the field of social innovation, voices calling for a bottom-up method that starts with citizen participation are growing, and the need to improve public officials' awareness of social innovation and strengthen professionalism is being raised. In the era of Covid 19 and the 4th industrial revolution, digital literacy is being emphasized to us. In the field of social innovation, the need to strengthen social activities using digital media is growing. In this paper, an example of online social innovation project education based on the design thinking methodology was presented for public officials in Busan to improve their awareness of social innovation and secure expertise, and the effect of job competency reinforcement was statistically verified. As a result of statistical analysis, the average difference between the 'online communication' factor and the 'online empathy' factor was the largest, and it can be interpreted that digital literacy for social innovation has been strengthened.

The purpose of this study is to explore business investment and operation of O2O (Online-To-Offline) combined service. The study will analyze the necessary factors for growing the business by dividing the O2O service by industry. The Online-to-Offline is a method of inducing purchases of products and services by connecting between online and offline This research methodology organized the four stages of the analysis process. The analysis of all stages was performed with association rules in big data techniques. It is divided into the start-up period, growth period, maturity period, and decline period, and analysis is conducted on the business investment, expenditure cost, business operation, and conflict factors. As the research result, the first analysis has shown commonality with government subsidies, bank loans, and personal funds in all industries. The second analysis showed a lot of expenditure on labor costs of internal employees, marketing/sales, facility facilities, equipment, and equipment purchase costs. The third analysis showed difficulty in raising the investment resources necessary for business operations in all industries. The last analysis showed conflicts in the industry, businesses license, legal systems, and small business owners in all industries. This study contributed to the abundance and diversity of research methodologies in management information systems using association rules. In addition, the description of organizational development theory was updated while explaining the business investment and operation of O2O combined services. In practical implication, the O2O services include environmental factors that cause convergence between industries. Accordingly, this is required for new O2O services through new laws and systems and reorganization of existing laws and regulations.

The general view of the division of affiliates of many large corporations is a reorganization of the governance structure, and the smooth division of affiliates is often well wrapped up in a beautiful breakup. However, the parties to the breakup are not only the owners of the company, but all employees as well. Separation of the owner family can be done with joy and good feelings, because they are separated according to the will of the owner family, and each becomes the owner of the company. As Commitment decreases and turnover behavior appears, it is necessary to take a strategic approach to members, along with consideration. This study looked into the recent separation of LG Group's affiliates based on this point of view. To this end, we focused on the case of LX Hausys of LX Group, which was separated from LG Group. To this end, through a meeting with the person in charge of LX Hausys, the company's response to the division was investigated, and FGI was conducted for retired and current members. As a result, it was confirmed through the person in charge that no appropriate measures were taken due to the separation of the company. Through FGI with the retirees and incumbents, the psychological resistance of the members and the decrease in organizational commitment and the increase in turnover intention was confirm.