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Aesthetic and cosmetic dentistry is becoming a major source of the dentists practice and source of income. Patients are demanding dentists to improve and enhance their appearance and function by means of aesthetic contouring and orthodontics and are willing to pay for such services. This creates a challenge for the dental profession to gain more knowledge and skill in this important area of their practice. Ceramic and composite veneers provide a comprehensive solution to the dentition that are severely hypoplastic or deeply stained by the ingestion of tetracycline during tooth development. A large number of dental materials and new techniques are now available that will render extremely satisfactory and beautiful solutions to these previously unsightly dentitions. This presentation will present the most commonly used dental materials and techniques of fabrication of composite and porcelain veneers. Using clinical cases, the step by step cavity preparations.Impression taking, laboratory fabrication, clinical try-in and cementation materials and techniques and repairs of broken veneers as well as long term follow up will be presentedesented

A number of investigations have shown that the presence of bacteria is prerequisite for developing pulpal and/or periradicular pathosis. Depending on the stage of pulpal pathosis, various species of bacteria can be cultured from infected root canals. Kakehashi et al. showed that exposure of pulpal tissue in germ-free rats was characterized by minimal inflammation and dentinal bridging while exposure of pulpal tissue in conventional rats with normal oral flora was characterized by pulpal necrosis, chronic inflammation, and periapical lesions. Currently used methods of cleaning and shaping, especially rotary instrumentation techniques, produce a smear layer that covers root canal walls and the openings to the dentinal tubules. The smear layer contains inorganic and organic substances that include fragments of odontoblastic processes, microorganisms, their by products and necrotic materials. Because of its potential contamination and adverse effect on the outcome of root canal therapy, it seems reasonable to suggest removal of the smear layer for disinfection of the entire root canal system. Presence of this smear layer prevents penetration of intracanal medications into the irregularities of the root canal system and the dentinal tubules and also prevents complete adaptation of obturation materials to the prepared root canal surfaces. Removal of the smear layer by an intracanal irrigant and placement of an antibacterial agent in direct contact with the content of dentinal tubules should allow disinfection of this complex system and better outcome for the root canal therapy. A new solution, which was a mixture of a tetracycline, an acid, and a detergent(MTAD), was developed in the Department of Endodontics, Dental School. Lorna Linda University, USA. It has been demonstrated that MTAD was an effective solution for the removal of the smear layer and does not significantly change the structure of the dentinal tubules when used as a final irrigant in conjunction with 1 % NaOCl as a root canal irrigant. Studies are in progress to compare the anti- microbial properties of this newly developed solution with those of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA that are currently used to irrigate the root canals and remove the smear layer from the surfaces of instrumented root canals.canals.

For about half a century. dental implants made of titanium have developed as a method of restoration for the tooth loss. In these days. the titanium implants seem to be considered as the alternative for the conventional prosthodontics. But its hard to say that the titanium implants are superior to the treatments that preserve the natural tooth. As this is a general opinion among dentists. the implant will not be able to be the alternative for all the prosthetic treatments. Clinically, there are many causes for extracting tooth. The severe destruction of the tooth structure or periodontal diseases leads to inevitable tooth extraction. When the complete cure is doubtful because of narrow intraoral visibility and improper accessibility in approaching to the tooth and periodontal lesion, we. clinicians often inevitably extract tooth. Passive treatments like conventional restoration, curettage or surgical flap cant be the perfect treatments for the tooth that has subgingival root caries or severe periodontal diseases involved furcation. Many clinicians might have been forced to pull out the relatively healthy tooth by the difficulties of approaching to the lesions and poor prognosis. Though the intentional tooth replantation is performed sometimes. as it doesnt have enough scientific foundation. it has not been considered as a popular treatment method yet. I have been felt keenly the necessity of positive tooth preservation, so I have been attempting the treatment that has new concept. calling Natural Tooth Implantation (NTI) clinically. NTI differs from the tooth replantation in the goal for the treatment and biological healing process. Now. I confirm that NT! is a very positive and valid method of tooth preservation. Like you can get from the name. NTI is the dental implant procedure using natural teeth and similar to the healing process of the titanium implants in many aspects. I have been using biocompatible composite resin. DRM. with NTI and got affirmative clinical results from that. So I would like to introduce.roduce.