Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a powerful technique for detecting and analyzing chemical and biological molecules at ultra-low concentrations. The effectiveness of SERS largely depends on structures with sub-10 nm gaps, prompting the proposal of various nanostructures as efficient SERS-active platforms. Among these, single-crystalline gold nanowires (AuNWs) are particularly promising due to their large dielectric constants, well-defined geometries, atomically smooth surfaces, and surface plasmon resonance across the visible spectrum, which produce strong SERS enhancements. This review comprehensively explores the synthesis, functionalization, and application of Au NWs in SERS. We discuss various methods for synthesizing AuNWs, including the vapor transport method, which influences their morphological and optical properties. We also review practical applications in chemical and biosensing, showcasing the adaptability of Au NWs-based SERS platforms in detecting a range of analytes, from environmental pollutants to biological markers. The review concludes with a discussion on future perspectives that aim to enhance sensor performance and broaden application domains, highlighting the potential of these sensors to revolutionize diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This review underscores the transformative impact of AuNW-based SERS sensors in analytical chemistry, environmental science, and biomedical diagnostics, paving the way for next-generation sensing technologies.

This study presents a sensitive and reliable method for determining tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and chlortetracycline (CTC) residues in shrimp samples. A two-step process involving liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) was developed prior to HPLC analysis. The target analytes were effectively extracted using EDTA/McIlvaine buffer (pH 4.0): methanol (80:20, %v/v), with subsequent clean-up using a C18 SPE cartridge. HPLC separation was conducted on a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 ㎛) at 30 ℃, using 0.01 % trifluoroacetic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase. A gradient elution protocol was applied, transitioning from 85(A):15(B) %v/v to 70(A):30(B) %v/v at 7 min, with a 5 min hold, followed by adjustment to 85(A):15(B) %v/v for 13-14 min. The detection was performed using photodiode array (PDA) at 365 nm with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The calibration curves exhibited good linearity within a concentration range of 0.4-6.0 ㎍/mL (R² > 0.995). The limits of detection (LOD) for TC, OTC, and CTC in shrimp were 0.034, 0.029, and 0.021 ㎍/mL, respectively. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) for TC, OTC, and CTC were found to be 0.114, 0.097, and 0.071 ㎍/mL, respectively. Recoveries of TC, OTC, and CTC from spiked shrimp samples ranged from 91.0 % to 95.5 %, 92.4 % to 97.2 %, and 93.3 % to 96.6 %, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the determination of TC, OTC, and CTC residues in shrimp samples sourced from various local markets.

This study aims to developing a method for estimating pharmaceutical compounds within a monolith column using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The monolithic column was prepared using copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate, co-ethylene dimethacrylate, and co-acrylic acid inside a borosilicate tube of specific dimensions a 60 mm borosilicate tube length with 1.5 mm and 3.5 mm inner and outer diameters, respectively. A UV Ultra violet source with a wavelength of 365 nm was used, and the polymerization process involved mixing glycidyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, ethylene dimethacrylate as a binder, and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetate phenone as an initiator in suitable solvents consisting of ethanol and 1-hexanol. The polymerization process formed the monolith column after 4 minutes, and subsequently, the epoxy groups were altered to diol groups using 0.2 M hydrochloric acid HCl, which were pumped through the column for 3 hours at a flow rate of 10 µL·min^-1. Various techniques, such as Scanning Electron Microscope SEM, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller BET, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR and HNMR, were utilized to characterize and confirm the structure of the monolith. The prepared monolith was employed to estimate and identify the pharmaceutical compound of warfarin using high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC. The analytical curve of warfarin was linear in the range of 3 to 100 ㎍·mL^-1 with an r² value of 0.999. The detection and quantification limits were 0.932 and 2.788 ㎍·mL^-1, respectively. The molar absorptivity and Sandells sensitivity were 2.99138 × 10⁶ L·mol^-1·cm^-1 and 103.1 × 10^-3 ㎍·cm^-2, respectively.

This study evaluates a method for quantifying selenium (Se) concentration in soil using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), with oxygen as a reaction gas. This approach addresses the challenge of detecting low levels of Se in complex soil matrices and aims to effectively minimize interference problems typically associated with argon plasma in traditional ICP-MS analyses. The analytical method utilizes conditions optimized for minimizing spectral interference and were validated by linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The method demonstrated good linearity, high accuracy (90-97 %), and remarkable sensitivity, achieving detection and quantification limits of 0.15 ㎍/kg and 0.44 ㎍/kg, respectively. Developed analysis method for Se in soil was applied to field samples in the different regions of South Korea and Se concentration ranged from 0.11 to 0.52 mg/kg. Correlation analysis between Se concentration and soil properties showed that Se concentration was significantly correlated with cation exchange capacity (CEC) and available phosphorus among other soil properties.

This study reports the synthesis of a bi-dentate Schiff base ligand (L), 7-(2-((2-formylbenzylidene) amino)-2-phenylacetamido)-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, prepared from phthalaldehyde and cephalexin antibiotic. The synthesized Schiff base ligand (L) and the secondary ligand alizarin (Az) are used to prepare the new complexes [M(Az)₂(L)] and [Cr(Az)₂(L)]Cl, where M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II). The mode of bonding of the Schiff base has been characterized by UV-Visible, FT-IR, Mass, ¹H-, and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopic techniques, and micro elemental analysis (CHNS). The complexes were characterized using UV-Vis, FT-IR, molar conductance, magnetic moment, and thermal analysis (TG/DTG). The molar conductance data revealed that the complexes are non-electrolytes except for [Cr(L)(Az)₂]Cl, which is an electrolytic type 1:1. The Schiff base and its complexes have been tested for their biological activity against two strains of bacteria and one fungus. When screened against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, the Az and L ligands and their complexes showed potential antimicrobial activity.

As polymers became very important in our lives, their negative impact on general health and the environment raised a serious issue. Here, enhancing their life term is presented as a compromise solution between the need and harm. In the study, six PVC films, the plain and five filled with improvers, underwent radiation exposure for 300 hours at room temperature to investigate their photodegradation rates. The modified films were embedded with organotin(IV) complex derivatives (Ph₃SnL, Ph₂SnL₂, Bu₃SnL, Bu₂SnL₂, and Me₂SnL₂ (where L is levofloxacin)), and their effectiveness was evaluated. The PVC films were compared before and after exposure to various tests including UV-Vis spectroscopy, gel content analysis, theoretical calculations, and EDX microscopy. Findings indicated that the presence of organotin(IV) complex derivatives, particularly Ph3SnL, notably decreased UV light absorbance and the amount of gel content in PVC sheets in comparison to untreated PVC. Furthermore, EDX analysis showed that the PVC-Ph₃SnL blend exposed to radiation exhibited the highest chlorine content, reaching 30 %. This blend demonstrated superior efficacy in stabilizing the polymeric materials.