Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles (한국의류학회지)

The Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles (한국의류학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Washing Effects of Eco-Friendly Laundry Aids

  • Nawon Hwang (School of Textile & Fashion Design, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kwang-Woo Lee (School of Textile & Fashion Design, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2023.11.27
  • Accepted : 2024.04.12
  • Published : 2024.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

As environmental awareness increases, more consumers are opting for eco-friendly detergents. Detergents can enhance washing, but an excessive amount does not significantly improve results. Inadequate rinsing can also cause skin irritation and water pollution. Eco-friendly laundry additives commonly include baking soda, sodium percarbonate, citric acid, salt, and effective microorganisms (EMs). In consideration of these issues, this study examined how eco-friendly laundry products affect washing efficiency. We evaluated the pH and washability of these products and detergent solutions using cloths contaminated with sebum or protein. When combined with heavy-duty or multipurpose detergent, baking soda, citric acid, and EMs exhibited decreased pH levels, thereby impacting washing effectiveness. Citric acid was less effective than water alone. Salt did not affect pH or cleaning, but sodium percarbonate slightly improved the cleaning of protein-soiled fabric. Among neutral detergents, baking soda or sodium percarbonate increased pH and cleaning power, whereas citric acid, salt, and EMs had minimal impact. Protein-contaminated cloths were washed well with sodium percarbonate alone. EMs were more effective than citric acid but not enough for them to count as detergent replacements. Lipid-contaminated cloths were ineffectively washed with laundry aids alone.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, S., Kim, K. D., Lee, J. N., Im, J. S., Nam, C. W., Jung, J. C., & Lee, E. H. (2008). Removal efficiency of pesticide residues in Chinese cabbage produced in highland by washing. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 26(4), 400-405.
  2. Ajunews. (2016, March 21). 고생했어! 다음 겨울도 부탁해! 겨울 옷 올바른 보관법 [You Did great! Please take care of me again next winter! Proper winter clothing storage methods]. https://www.ajunews.com/view/20160321150859388
  3. Bae, J.-S. (1999). The detergency improvement and fabric damage in the washing treatment by commercial bleaching agents. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 37(2), 113-126. https://scienceon.kisti.re.kr/commons/util/originalView.do?cn=JAKO199911921062161&oCn=JAKO199911921062161&dbt=JAKO&journal=NJOU00290513&keyword=The%20Detergency%20Improvement%20and%20Fabric%20Damage%20in%20the%20Washing%20 Treatment%20by%20Commercial%20Bleaching%20Agents
  4. Bazaar. (2023, April 7). 이유 없이 올라오는 트러블, 세탁 세제 때문일지 모른다! [The trouble that comes up for no reason, may be because of laundry detergent!]. https://www.harpersbazaar.co.kr/article/76354
  5. Beyond. (2021, March 12). 아기 세탁 세제, 피부 자극 주의해야...올바른 제품 선택 팁 [Baby laundry detergent, be careful of skin irritation...Correct product selection tips]. http://www.beyondpost.co.kr/view.php?ud=20210312143 61660236cf2d78c68_30
  6. Chang, J. H., & Kwon, Y. A. (2010). 섬유제품관리 [Textile product care & management]. Soohaksa.
  7. Cho, S. K., & Chung, H. W. (2014). 세탁과 염색 [Textile washing & dyeing]. NOU press.
  8. Choi, J. W. (2023, July 21). 땀에 절어 누래진 흰옷 살리는 꿀팁 [Tips for restoring white clothes that have turned yellow because of sweat]. Health choseon. https://health.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2023/07/20/2023072001879.html
  9. Feroz, F., Das, K. K., & Islam, T. (2020). Comparison of commercially available food decontaminants with established methods of decontamination for household practices which are used to keep foods safe. Food Research, 4(5), 1688-1692. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(5).175
  10. Han, H. J. (2015, January 7). '아기세탁기' 세제 잘못 쓰면...피부 자극해 염증 유발한다 ['If you use the wrong detergent for 'Baby Washing Machine'...It stimulates the skin and causes inflammation]. Health choseon. https://health.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2015/01/06/2015010602638.html
  11. Hara, A. T., & Turssi, C. P. (2017). Baking soda as an abrasive in toothpastes: Mechanism of action and safety and effectiveness considerations. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 148(11), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2017.09.007
  12. Hwang, N., Chung, H.-W., & Lee, K.-W. (2023). Comparison of detergency and fabric deformation between ultrasonic and home laundry. Korean Fashion & Textile Research Journal, 25(3), 386-397. https://doi.org/10.5805/SFTI.2023.25.3.386
  13. Jang, H. J. (2019, April 16). 구연산 사용법부터 "베이킹소다. 과탄산소다 . EM원액"활용법까지 [From how to use citric acid to how to use 'baking soda . sodium percarbonate . EMs stock solutions']. Naeway econonic TV. https://www.nbntv.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=313502
  14. Kang, B. Y. (2023, May 16). 다재다능한 소금의 활약 ② [Versatile salt performance ②]. Yeosung choseon. https://woman.chosun.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=108957
  15. Kim, H.-J., Kim, H.-Y., & Ko, S.-H. (2007). Applying the disinfecting effects of vinegar to raw vegetables in foodservice operations: A focused microbiological quality evaluation. Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science, 23(4), 567-578.
  16. Kim, H. S., Chung, H. W., Kim, S. R., & Shin, S. H. (1996). The degradation of cotton fabrics by bleaching agents in detergents. Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, 20(5), 905-914. https://scienceon.kisti.re.kr/commons/util/originalView.do?cn=JAKO199611920235424&oCn=JAKO199611920235424&dbt=JAKO&journal=NJOU00290617&keyword=The%20Degradation%20of%20Cotton%20Fabrics%20by%20Bleaching%20Agents%20in%20Detergents
  17. Kim, H. W. (2022, October 22). 천연 세척제가 대세, 과탄산소다와 구연산 활용법 [Natural cleaners are the trend, how to use sodium percarbonate and citric acid]. Koredidotcom. https://kormedi.com/1532589/
  18. Kim, O. H. (2019, March 30). 청바지 세탁할 때 소금 넣으세요 [Add salt to wash jeans]. News today. https://imnews.imbc.com/replay/2019/nwtoday/article/5225736_28983.html
  19. Kim, S. H. (2023, September 20). 텀블러 물로 대충 씻는 사람, 꼭 보세요 [People who rinse their tumblers with water without much care, please pay attention!]. Choseonilbo. https://health.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2023/09/19/2023091902125.html
  20. Kim, S. I. (2023, February 21). 잔류세제 걱정 없는 프리미엄 세제 사용하자 [Let's use a premium detergent without worrying about residual detergent]. Medical newspaper. http://www.bosa.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=2191449
  21. Kim, S. R. (2013). 세제와 세탁의 과학 [The science of detergent and laundry]. Gyomoonsa.
  22. Kim, S. R., Lee, J. S., Chung, H. W., Kang, I. S., & Park, J. H. (2008). 새 의류관리: 구매에서 폐기까지 [New clothing management: From purchase to disposal]. Gyomoonsa.
  23. Kim, Y.-K., Lee, K.-J., Ko, S.-S., Ryoo, J.-H., & Song, J.-H. (2005). A study on water quality purification using EM (Effective Microorganisms). Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Technology, 6(1), 82-88.
  24. Kim, Y.-K., Jin, S.-H., Choi, S.-D., Lee, G.-D., & Ra, D.-G. (2011). EM effectiveness on remediation of oil Contaminated soil. Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Technology, 12(3), 176-181.
  25. Lee, J.-J., & Kim, Y.-K. (2011). Soil removal and residue of detergent ingredients at various detergent concentrations. Textile Science and Engineering, 48(2), 85-90.
  26. Lee, J. N. (2023, August 15). 땀에 젖어 누렇게 변한 옷, 새 옷처럼 세탁하는 꿀팁 [Sweaty and yellow discolored clothes, great tips for washing like new clothes]. Sisa CAST. http://www.sisacast.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=44052
  27. Lee, Y. J. (2023, June 28). 만능 청소꾼 '베이킹 소다'를 쓰지 말아야 할 5 곳 [5 places not to use the all-around cleaner 'baking soda']. Lady Kyunghyang. https://lady.khan.co.kr/living/article/202306280713001?ref=naver
  28. Lee, W. J. (2022, December 26). 마이비, 종이 파우치로 환경을 생각한 삶기 세탁 세제 리필 출시 [MyBee launches a refill of boiling laundry detergent considering the environment with a paper pouch]. Sisunnews. https://www.sisunnews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=176075
  29. Myers, D. (1988). Surfactant science and technology. VCH.
  30. Myneni, S. R. (2017). Effect of baking soda in dentifrices on plaque removal. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 148(11), 4-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2017.09.004
  31. Nam, K. H., & Ryu, H. K. (2018). Toothbrush sterilization method using sodium bicarbonate and vinegar in childcare facilities. The Korean Journal of Community Living Science, 29(3), 323-332. https:// doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2018.29.3.323
  32. Namgung, S. H. (2023, February 15). 슈가버블, 친환경 세탁 세제 버블 클린, 프레시 버블 2종 출시 [Sugar Bubble launches two types of eco-friendly laundry detergents: Bubble Clean and Fresh Bubble]. Maeil Business. https://www.mk.co.kr/news/business/10643808
  33. Oh, S. H. (2022, August 25). 세탁 때 듬뿍 넣은 '세제', 옷에 남아 '이런 문제' 일으킨다 [The 'detergent' that you put in a lot when you wash it, it stays on your clothes and causes 'this problem']. Health choseon. https://m.health.chosun.c om/svc/news_view.html?contid=2022082502064
  34. Oh, S. M., Kim, I. Y., & Song, W. S. (1999). The effect of graft using acrylic acid on the detergency for the Nylon 6 fabric: Improvement of hemoglobin removing rate on grafted Nylon. Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, 23(7), 1064-1072. https://scienceon.kisti.re.kr/commons/util/originalView.do?cn=JAKO199911920239751&oCn=JAKO199911920239751&dbt=JAKO&journal=NJOU00290617
  35. Park, A. R. (2015, January 21). 겨울철 주부들의 고민 '김치 냉장고 관리 . 빨래 얼룩'..."이것만 있다면 문제 해결" [Winter woes of housewives 'Managing kimchi refrigerator . laundry stains'..."If only we had this, our worries would be solved"]. Asiatoday. https://www.asiatoday.co.kr/view.php?key=20150120001511434
  36. Smulders, E. (2002). Laundry detergents. Wiley-VCH.