Journal of Practical Engineering Education (실천공학교육논문지)

Korean Institute for Pratical Engineering Education (한국실천공학교육학회)
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Analysis of Vocational Training System and Policies of the U.S.A. (according to Digitalization): Focusing on WIOA

디지털화에 따른 미국의 직업훈련제도와 실태분석: WIOA를 중심으로

  • Hanna Moon (Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education & Training) ;
  • Yohan Seo (Kunsan College of Nursing)
  • 문한나 (한국직업능력연구원) ;
  • 서요한 (군산간호대학교)
  • Received : 2024.07.25
  • Accepted : 2024.08.28
  • Published : 2024.10.31
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Abstract

This study aimed to examine the vocational training system and related laws in the United States in the context of digitalization, the methods and scale of support for vocational training expenses, and the outcomes, with the goal of drawing applicable implications for domestic adoption and exploring policy measures. Vocational training in the United States is operated under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) through either a Unified State Plan or a Combined State Plan, as formulated by each state. The WIOA vocational training program focuses on supplying and nurturing a workforce that meets the demands of employers. Notably, significant efforts by the U.S. government have been identified in addressing gaps in vocational training caused by digitalization. Providing educational programs and vocational training that can swiftly respond to technological changes is particularly commendable. Based on the U.S. model, Korea should also aim to move beyond mere skill acquisition to comprehensive competency development in its vocational training and encourage the participation of digitally disadvantaged groups.

이 연구는 디지털화에 따른 미국의 직업훈련제도와 관련 법, 직업훈련비 지원방식, 지원규모와 성과 등을 살펴보고 국내에 적용가능한 시사점을 도출하고 정책 방안을 탐색하고자 하였다. 미국의 직업훈련은 WIOA(Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act) 법에 따른 각 주별로 구성된 통합 주 계획(Unified State Plan) 또는 결합 주 계획(Combined State Plan)에 의해 운영된다. WIOA 직업훈련 프로그램은 사업주 요구에 부합되는 노동력의 공급과 양성에 초점이 맞추어져 있다. 특히 디지털화로 인하여 직업훈련의 격차가 발생하고 있는 부분에 대해서는 미국 정부의 적극적인 노력을 확인할 수 있었다. 취업취약계층을 대상으로 기술변화에 신속히 대응할 수 있는 교육프로그램과 직업훈련을 제공하는 점은 매우 우수하다. 우리나라도 직업훈련이 기술 습득을 넘어 종합적인 역량개발을 목표로 하고 취업취약계층과 디지털 소외 계층의 참여를 유도하기 위해 미국 사례가 주는 시사점을 참고할 수 있다.

Keywords

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