Science of Emotion and Sensibility (감성과학)

Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility (한국감성과학회)
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Core Affect Dimensional Structures Derived from Facial Expressions of Older Adults

고령자의 연령별 얼굴 정서 차원

  • Jongwan Kim
  • 김종완 (전북대학교 심리학과)
  • Received : 2024.05.24
  • Accepted : 2024.06.07
  • Published : 2024.09.30
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Abstract

Previous research reported a decline in facial emotion recognition with aging, but whether this was due to a genuine decline in recognition ability or own-age face recognition bias remains unclear, as most studies used stimuli from younger models. Thus, this study recruited older adults as participants and utilized stimuli identical to Kim (2021) study for direct comparison. Participants rated the similarity of pairs of facial expressions representing six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutrality, and sadness) from three age groups (young, middle-aged, and old). Multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that, regardless of age, all three core dimensions were confirmed, indicating similar representation of facial emotions across age groups. The older participants assigned lower arousal and dominance to younger faces expressing disgust and higher arousal and dominance to younger faces expressing fear, indicating that they rated younger faces' disgust expressions less strongly and overestimated fear expressions. These findings suggest that the own-age face recognition bias in facial expression perception may be emotion-specific rather than universally applicable to all emotions.

기존 연구에서는 고령화에 따른 얼굴정서 인식 능력 저하가 보고되었으나 대부분 청년층이 연구 참여자로 참여하였기 때문에, 실제 정서 인식 능력의 저하 때문인지 혹은 실험에 사용되는 청년층의 얼굴 자극으로 인한 자기 나이 얼굴 인식 편향 때문인지 알기 어려웠다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 연구와 직접적인 비교를 위해 Kim(2021)의 연구와 동일한 자극을 사용하고 노년층을 연구 참여자로 모집하여 실험을 진행하였다. 본 연구에서는 6종류 얼굴정서(화난, 역겨운, 두려운, 행복한, 중립적인, 그리고 슬픈)를 3종류 연령(청년, 중년, 노년)층이 표현하는 얼굴 자극을 한 쌍으로 제시하여 두 얼굴 자극의 유사성을 측정하였다. 다차원척도법 분석 결과, 전반적으로 세 핵심차원을 모두 확인함으로써 노년층 역시 청년층과 비슷하게 얼굴 정서가 정서 차원에 표상됨을 확인하였다. 노년층이 평가하는 청년층의 역겨운 정서는 각성가와 지배가가 더 낮게, 두려운 정서는 각성가와 지배가가 더 높게 평정하였다. 즉, 노년층은 청년층이 표현하는 '역겨운'을 덜 강하게 평정하였으며, 노년층이 청년층의 '두려운' 얼굴 정서를 과대평가하는 경향을 발견하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 자기 나이 얼굴 인식 편향의 효과가 모든 얼굴 정서에 해당한다기보다 정서 특징적으로 적용됨을 의미한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2024년도 전북대학교 연구기반 조성비 지원에 의하여 연구되었음.

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