Informatization Policy (정보화정책)

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Determinants of artificial intelligence adoption in firms: Evidence from Korean firm-level data

기업의 인공지능 기술 도입에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석: 국내 기업 데이터를 이용한 실증연구

  • Bong, Kang Ho (AI Policy Research Center, Software Policy and Research Institute)
  • Received : 2024.07.17
  • Accepted : 2024.08.13
  • Published : 2024.09.30
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Abstract

Artificial intelligence(AI) is regarded as a key tool that can significantly contribute to innovation and improve productivity as digital transformation continues to spread rapidly. Currently, however, there is lack of understanding and empirical research on the factors that influence the adoption of AI by companies. In particular, most studies have been conducted by foreign researchers analyzing data from foreign companies, and domestic studies have limitations in terms of objectivity and timeliness. This study employs econometric methods to identify the determinants of AI adoption at the firm level. To this end, we derive the technological, organizational, and environmental context factors from the perspective of the Technology-Organization-Environment(TOE) framework as a representative theory of technology adoption factors. We then conduct a logistic regression analysis using data from 11,601 Korean firms. This study not only expands the research literature by supplementing the limitations of previous studies in Korea but also provides timely evidence and implications through empirical analysis.

디지털 전환이 급속도로 확산되고 있는 가운데, 인공지능(AI) 기술은 혁신과 생산성 향상을 견인할 핵심 동력으로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 현재 기업의 AI 도입에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 이해와 실증적 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 특히 대다수의 연구는 해외 연구자가 해외 기업 데이터를 분석한 것이며, 국내 연구는 객관성 및 시의성 측면에서 한계를 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 계량경제학적 분석을 통해 기업 단위에서 AI 도입 영향요인을 규명한다. 이를 위해 신기술 도입 영향요인에 관한 대표적 이론인 TOE(Technology-Organization-Environment) 프레임워크 관점에서 기술적, 조직적, 환경적 맥락의 요인을 도출하고, 과학기술정보통신부·한국지능정보사회진흥원의 「2022년 정보화통계조사」를 활용하여 11,601개 국내 기업 데이터를 이용한 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시한다. 본 연구는 국내 선행연구의 한계점을 보완함으로써 AI 및 신기술 도입 영향요인에 관한 연구 문헌을 확장하고, 실증분석을 통해 시의성있는 증거와 시사점을 제공한다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.

Keywords

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