Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (한국수산과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluating stock status of shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) in southern Java and West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, using length-based approach

  • Umi Chodrijah (Fisheries Research Centre, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)) ;
  • Tirtadanu (Fisheries Research Centre, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)) ;
  • Bram Setyadji (Fisheries Research Centre, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)) ;
  • Prihatiningsih (Fisheries Research Centre, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)) ;
  • Dian Novianto (Fisheries Research Centre, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)) ;
  • Fayakun Satria (Fisheries Research Centre, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)) ;
  • Lilis Sadiyah (Fisheries Research Centre, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)) ;
  • Ririk Kartika Sulistyaningsih (Fisheries Research Centre, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)) ;
  • Hety Hartaty (Fisheries Research Centre, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN))
  • Received : 2024.01.17
  • Accepted : 2024.06.03
  • Published : 2024.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The high economic value and demand for shark fin have significantly increased the vulnerability of the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810) population in the Indian Ocean, particularly in the southern region of Java and West Nusa Tenggara. This study utilized a length-based assessment method to evaluate the stock status of I. oxyrinchus. Over a span of eight years (2013-2021), data on length frequency and sex composition were collected. The length-based spawning potential ratio (SPR) was employed to investigate the stock status of the fishery. The findings revealed that I. oxyrinchus exhibited a large body size, with an asymptotic length estimated at 386.86 cm total length and a growth coefficient of 0.04/year . Females were more frequently captured than males, and evidence indicated a declining trend in the size of female sharks. A low SPR value of approximately 6% indicated the overfishing condition of mako shark. To ensure the sustainability of the shortfin mako shark population in the Indian Ocean, it is essential to develop effective management strategies through integrated cooperation among the government, fishers, traders, shark industries, and local communities.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors thank the Research Institute for Marine Fisheries head, the Ministry of Marine Affairs, and the Fisheries Republic of Indonesia for facilitating this research. In addition, we thank all the staff in the Cilacap fisheries port and Tanjung Luar landing site for helping with the data collection process in this research. All authors contributed equally to constructing the paper.

References

  1. Alahyene J, Chiahou B, El Habouz H, Ben-Bani A. Sex ratio and male maturity for shortfin mako shark in the Moroccan central Atlantic coast. Croatian J Fish. 2022;80:67-75. 
  2. Alahyene J, Chiahou B, El Habouz H, Mekyassi B, Ben-bani A. The growth parameters of the mako shark Isurus oxyrinchus (Rafinesque, 1810) in the Moroccan central Atlantic coast. Egypt J Aquat Biol Fish. 2021;25:119-36. 
  3. Barreto RR, de Farias WKT, Andrade H, Santana FM, Lessa R. Age, growth and spatial distribution of the life stages of the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus (Rafinesque, 1810) caught in the western and central Atlantic. PLOS ONE. 2016;11:e0153062. 
  4. Bishop SDH, Francis MP, Duffy C, Montgomery JC. Age, growth, maturity, longevity and natural mortality of the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) in New Zealand waters. Mar Freshw Res. 2006;57:143-54. 
  5. Brooks EN, Powers JE, Cortes E. Analytical reference points for age-structured models: application to data-poor fisheries. ICES J Mar Sci. 2010;67:165-75. 
  6. Campana SE, Marks L, Joyce W. The biology and fishery of shortfin mako sharks (Isurus oxyrinchus) in Atlantic Canadian Waters. Fish Res. 2005;73:341-52. 
  7. Cerna F, Licandeo R. Age and growth of the shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the south-eastern Pacific off Chile. Mar Freshw Res. 2009;60:394-403. 
  8. Chodrijah U, Faizah R. Biology aspect and parameter population the scalloped hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) caught from coastal fisheries in the eastern Indian Ocean. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021a;777:012009. 
  9. Chodrijah U, Faizah R. Population parameter, size distribution and sex ratio of the blue shark (Prionace glauca Linnaeus, 1758) caught in the southern of Nusa Tenggara. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021b;890:012054. 
  10. Chodrijah U, Lestari P, Prihatiningsih, Tirtadanu. Growth estimates of pelagic thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus Nakamura, 1935) in the Indian Ocean Southern Java waters. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021;674:012009. 
  11. Chong L, Mildenberger TK, Rudd MB, Taylor MH, Cope JM, Branch TA, et al. Performance evaluation of data-limited, length-based stock assessment methods. ICES J Mar Sci. 2019;77:97-108. 
  12. Compagno LJV. Sharks of the World: an annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Bullhead, Mackerel and Carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO ] of the United Nations; 2001. 
  13. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora [CITES]. Consideration of proposals for amendment of appendices I and II. Colombo: CITES; 2019. 
  14. Cortes E, Arocha F, Beerkircher L, Carvalho F, Domingo A, Heupel M, et al. Ecological risk assessment of pelagic sharks caught in Atlantic pelagic longline fisheries. Aquat Living Resour. 2010;23:25-34. 
  15. Dulvy NK, Pacoureau N, Rigby CL, Pollom RA, Jabado RW, Ebert DA, et al. Overfishing drives over one-third of all sharks and rays toward a global extinction crisis. Curr Biol. 2021;31:4773-87.E8. 
  16. Ferretti F, Myers RA, Serena F, Lotze HK. Loss of large predatory sharks from the Mediterranean Sea. Conserv Biol. 2008;22:952-64. 
  17. Gayanilo FC, Sparre P, Pauly D. FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools II: user's guide. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO]; 2005. 
  18. Groeneveld JC, Cliff G, Dudley SFJ, Foulis AJ, Santos J, Wintner SP. Population structure and biology of shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the south-west Indian Ocean. Mar Freshw Res. 2014;65:1045-58. 
  19. Gulland JA. Fish stock assessment: a manual of basic methods. 1st ed. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 1983. 
  20. Hordyk AR, Ono K, Prince JD, Walters CJ. A simple length-structured model based on life history ratios and incorporating size-dependent selectivity: application to spawning potential ratios for data-poor stocks. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 2016;73:1787-99. 
  21. Kell LT, Minto C, Gerritsen HD. Evaluation of the skill of length-based indicators to identify stock status and trends. ICES J Mar Sci. 2022;79:1202-16. 
  22. Mildenberger TK, Taylor MH, Wolff M. TropFishR: an R package for fisheries analysis with length-frequency data. Methods Ecol Evol. 2017;8:1520-7. 
  23. Musick JA, Burgess G, Cailliet G, Camhi M, Fordham S. Management of sharks and their relatives (Elasmobranchii). Fisheries. 2000;25:9-13. 
  24. Natanson LJ, Kohler NE, Ardizzone D, Cailliet GM, Wintner SP, Mollet HF. Validated age and growth estimates for the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Environ Biol Fish. 2006;77:367-83. 
  25. Nugraha B, Samusamu AS, Puspasari R, Oktaviani D, Rachmawati R, Rachmawati PF, et al. Biological aspects, exploitation rates, and spawning potential ratio of scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) in Lampung Bay waters, Indonesia. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci. 2023;1148:012026. 
  26. Nurdin E, Kembaren DD, Tirtadanu. Stock assessment and management strategies for shark fisheries in the Arafura Sea: a length-based analysis of Carcharhinus sealei. Egypt J Aquat Res. 2023;49:261-7. 
  27. Pauly D. Some simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO]; 1983. 
  28. Porcher IF, Darvell BW. Shark fishing vs. conservation: analysis and synthesis. Sustainability. 2022;14:9548. 
  29. Prihatiningsih P, Nurdin E, Chodrijah U. Komposisi jenis, hasil tangkapan per upaya, musim dan daerah penangkapan ikan hiu di perairan Samudera Hindia selatan jawa. J Penelitian Perikanan Indones. 2018;24:283-97. 
  30. Punt AE, Hurtado-Ferro F, Whitten AR. Model selection for selectivity in fisheries stock assessments. Fish Res. 2014;158:124-34. 
  31. R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2023. 
  32. Roff G, Brown CJ, Priest MA, Mumby PJ. Decline of coastal apex shark populations over the past half century. Commun Biol. 2018;1:223. 
  33. Sellheim N. The CITES appendix II-listing of mako sharks - revisiting counter arguments. Mar Policy. 2020;115:103887. 
  34. Semba Y, Aoki I, Yokawa K. Size at maturity and reproductive traits of shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the western and central North Pacific. Mar Freshw Res. 2011;62:20-9. 
  35. Semba Y, Nakano H, Aoki I. Age and growth analysis of the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the western and central North Pacific Ocean. Environ Biol Fish. 2009;84:377-91. 
  36. Simmons P, Mehmet MI. Shark management strategy policy considerations: community preferences, reasoning and speculations. Mar Policy. 2018;96:111-9. 
  37. Somers IF, Crocos PJ, Hill BJ. Distribution and abundance of the tiger prawns Penaeus esculentus and P. semisulcatus in the north-western Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Mar Freshw Res. 1987;38:63-78. 
  38. Sulaiman PS, Patria MP, Sue RA. The shark by-catch of tuna longline fisheries in Southern Indian Ocean of Java, Indonesia. E3S Web Conf. 2018;74:02004. 
  39. Sulaiman PS, Triharyuni S. Shark fisheries management as a sustainable development implementation in Indonesia fishery sector. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021;718:012069. 
  40. Tsai WP, Huang CH. Data-limited approach to the management and conservation of the pelagic thresher shark in the Northwest Pacific. Conserv Sci Pract. 2022;4:e12682. 
  41. Tsai WP, Sun CL, Punt AE, Liu KM. Demographic analysis of the shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the Northwest Pacific using a two-sex stage-based matrix model. ICES J Mar Sci. 2014;71:1604-18. 
  42. Then AY, Hoenig JM, Hall NG, Hewitt DA. Evaluating the predictive performance of empirical estimators of natural mortality rate using information on over 200 fish species. ICES J Mar Sci. 2015;72:82-92. 
  43. Tirtadanu, Prihatiningsih, Yusuf HN, Zamroni A, Amri K, Chodrijah U. Assessing the stock status of areolate grouper (Epinephelus areolatus) in Java Sea, Indonesia. Reg Stud Mar Sci. 2023;66:103116. 
  44. Varghese SP, Unnikrishnan N, Gulati DK, Ayoob AE. Size, sex and reproductive biology of seven pelagic sharks in the eastern Arabian Sea. J Mar Biol Assoc UK. 2017;97:181-96. 
  45. Wang K, Zhang C, Xu B, Xue Y, Ren Y. Selecting optimal bin size to account for growth variability in electronic length frequency analysis (ELEFAN). Fish Res. 2020;225:105474. 
  46. White WT. Biological observations on lamnoid sharks (Lamniformes) caught by fisheries in eastern Indonesia. J Mar Biol Assoc UK. 2007;87:781-8. 
  47. Wu XH, Liu SYV, Wang SP, Tsai WP. Distribution patterns and relative abundance of shortfin mako shark caught by the Taiwanese large-scale longline fishery in the Indian Ocean. Reg Stud Mar Sci. 2021;44:101691. 
  48. Yokoi H, Ijima H, Ohshimo S, Yokawa K. Impact of biology knowledge on the conservation and management of large pelagic sharks. Sci Rep. 2017;7:10619.