Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Siderophore Biosynthesis and Transport Systems in Model and Pathogenic Fungi

  • Sohyeong Choi (Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • James W. Kronstad (Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia) ;
  • Won Hee Jung (Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University)
  • Received : 2024.05.17
  • Accepted : 2024.06.10
  • Published : 2024.08.28
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Abstract

Fungi employ diverse mechanisms for iron uptake to ensure proliferation and survival in iron-limited environments. Siderophores are secondary metabolite small molecules with a high affinity specifically for ferric iron; these molecules play an essential role in iron acquisition in fungi and significantly influence fungal physiology and virulence. Fungal siderophores, which are primarily hydroxamate types, are synthesized via non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) or NRPS-independent pathways. Following synthesis, siderophores are excreted, chelate iron, and are transported into the cell by specific cell membrane transporters. In several human pathogenic fungi, siderophores are pivotal for virulence, as inhibition of their synthesis or transport significantly reduces disease in murine models of infection. This review briefly highlights siderophore biosynthesis and transport mechanisms in fungal pathogens as well the model fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Understanding siderophore biosynthesis and transport in pathogenic fungi provides valuable insights into fungal biology and illuminates potential therapeutic targets for combating fungal infections.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the Chung-Ang University Graduate Research Scholarship in 2022 (S.C.), the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, 2022R1F1A1065306 (W.H.J), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01AI053721 (to J.W.K.). J.W.K. is a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Scholar in Molecular Pathogenic Mycology and the Power Corporation fellow of the CIFAR program: Fungal Kingdom, Threats & Opportunities.

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