과제정보
The authors would like to thank all the participants in this study, Ms. Rajyalakshmi Kundrapu and Mr. Bheem Prasad Jaiswal.
참고문헌
- Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 report: global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Internet]. Fontana: GOLD; 2024 [cited 2024 Jan 2]. Available from: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/GOLD-2023-ver-1.1-2Dec2022_WMV.pdf.
- McNulty W, Usmani OS. Techniques of assessing small airways dysfunction. Eur Clin Respir J 2014;1:25898.
- Higham A, Quinn AM, Cancado JED, Singh D. The pathology of small airways disease in COPD: historical aspects and future directions. Respir Res 2019;20:49.
- Chiu HY, Hsiao YH, Su KC, Lee YC, Ko HK, Perng DW. Small airway dysfunction by impulse oscillometry in symptomatic patients with preserved pulmonary function. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020;8:229-35.
- Singh D. Small airway disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2017;80:317-24.
- King GG, Bates J, Berger KI, Calverley P, de Melo PL, Dellaca RL, et al. Technical standards for respiratory oscillometry. Eur Respir J 2020;55:1900753.
- De S, Banerjee N, Kushwah GDS, Dharwey D. Regression equations of respiratory impedance of Indian adults measured by forced oscillation technique. Lung India 2020;37:30-6.
- Aarli BB, Calverley PM, Jensen RL, Eagan TM, Bakke PS, Hardie JA. Variability of within-breath reactance in COPD patients and its association with dyspnoea. Eur Respir J 2015;45:625-34.
- Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Miller MR, Barjaktarevic IZ, Cooper BG, Hall GL, et al. Standardization of spirometry 2019 update: an official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society technical statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019;200:e70-88.
- Chhabra SK, Kumar R, Gupta U, Rahman M, Dash DJ. Prediction equations for spirometry in adults from northern India. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2014;56:221-9.
- Quanjer PH, Stanojevic S, Cole TJ, Baur X, Hall GL, Culver BH, et al. Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations. Eur Respir J 2012;40:1324-43.
- ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:111-7.
- McDonough JE, Yuan R, Suzuki M, Seyednejad N, Elliott WM, Sanchez PG, et al. Small-airway obstruction and emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2011;365:1567-75.
- Janson C, Malinovschi A, Amaral AFS, Accordini S, Bousquet J, Buist AS, et al. Bronchodilator reversibility in asthma and COPD: findings from three large population studies. Eur Respir J 2019;54:1900561.
- Pisi R, Aiello M, Zanini A, Tzani P, Paleari D, Marangio E, et al. Small airway dysfunction and flow and volume bronchodilator responsiveness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015;10:1191-7.
- Crisafulli E, Pisi R, Aiello M, Vigna M, Tzani P, Torres A, et al. Prevalence of small-airway dysfunction among COPD patients with different GOLD stages and its role in the impact of disease. Respiration 2017;93:32-41.
- Crim C, Celli B, Edwards LD, Wouters E, Coxson HO, Tal-Singer R, et al. Respiratory system impedance with impulse oscillometry in healthy and COPD subjects: ECLIPSE baseline results. Respir Med 2011;105:1069-78.
- Lu L, Peng J, Wu F, Yang H, Zheng Y, Deng Z, et al. Clinical characteristics of airway impairment assessed by impulse oscillometry in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: findings from the ECOPD study in China. BMC Pulm Med 2023;23:52.
- Mikamo M, Shirai T, Mori K, Shishido Y, Akita T, Morita S, et al. Predictors of expiratory flow limitation measured by forced oscillation technique in COPD. BMC Pulm Med 2014;14:23.
- Paredi P, Goldman M, Alamen A, Ausin P, Usmani OS, Pride NB, et al. Comparison of inspiratory and expiratory resistance and reactance in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2010;65:263-7.
- Beech A, Jackson N, Dean J, Singh D. Expiratory flow limitation in a cohort of highly symptomatic COPD patients. ERJ Open Res 2022;8:00680-2021.
- Dean J, Kolsum U, Hitchen P, Gupta V, Singh D. Clinical characteristics of COPD patients with tidal expiratory flow limitation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017;12:1503-6.
- Aarli BB, Calverley PM, Jensen RL, Dellaca R, Eagan TM, Bakke PS, et al. The association of tidal EFL with exercise performance, exacerbations, and death in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017;12:2179-88.
- Anderson WJ, Lipworth BJ. Relationships between impulse oscillometry, spirometry and dyspnoea in COPD. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2012;42:111-5.