The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research (한국제4기학회지)

Korea Association For Quaternary Research (한국제4기학회)
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Geomorphology and Spatio-Temporal Land Cover Changes in Sincheon Wetland, Mangyeong River

만경강 신천습지의 지형과 시공간적 토지 피복 변화

  • Jangsoo Kim (Institute of Regional Development Research, Kongju National University) ;
  • Jeong-Sik Oh (Department of Geography, Kyungpook National University)
  • 김장수 (공주대학교 지역개발연구소) ;
  • 오정식 (경북대학교 지리학과)
  • Received : 2024.06.26
  • Accepted : 2024.07.14
  • Published : 2024.06.30
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Abstract

The Sincheon wetland shows a remarkable diversity of fluvial landforms, such as river islands, anastomosing channels, braided channels, and sand-gravel bars, which contribute to its rich ecological habitat. The wetland area is characterized by a ecological diversity of herbaceous and woody plants. Significant changes in land cover within the wetlands were observed from 2008 to 2020. Notably, there was a rapid decrease in agricultural area from 18% to 0.04%, while the vegetation area expanded from 45% to 54%. Concurrently, the water area also experienced a notable increase from 34% to 41%. The surface sediment composition in the studied area displays sandy loam characteristics and exhibits acidic soil properties. Sediment acidity tends to increase downstream and in the central part of channels. Variations in acidity are also observed at nearby collection sites due to the tributaries and local discharge. The presence of dense vegetation in river islands and bars has led to a significant transformation of sediments into soil, with this change being more pronounced downstream, particularly near the weirs. The installation of a weir in Sincheon wetland is believed to have a significant impact on altering flow velocities between upstream and downstream sections, as well as influencing erosion and sediment deposition patterns. However, given the formation of landforms in response to weirs, effective administration and management are essential to address potential risks of catastrophic environmental disruptions, such as the removal of weirs and/or the maintenance of river channels.

신천습지는 하중도, 분류하도, 망류하도, 사력퇴적지 등 하천지형 다양성이 크며, 초본과 목본의 다양한 식생이 생육하여 습지 경관도 우수하다. 2008년과 2020년 사이 습지 내 토지 피복에 큰 변화가 있었으며, 두 시기 농경지의 면적은 18%에서 0.04%로 현저히 감소하고 식생의 면적은 45%에서 54%로 증가했다. 수역 면적 또한 34%에서 41%로 비교적 큰 증가량을 보인다. 표층 퇴적물은 전반적으로 사질양토의 입경 특성을 보이며, 산성토의 성질을 띤다. 퇴적물의 산성도는 습지하류 및 하도 중앙부로 갈수록 높게 나타나며, 인접한 지점에서도 지류의 유입 여부와 하천 유속에 따라 산성도의 차이가 나타난다. 하중도와 사력퇴적지를 중심으로 식생이 밀생하는 곳은 퇴적물의 토양화가 상당히 진행되었으며, 보(weir)와 인접한 하류에서 그러한 경향이 더 뚜렷하다. 신천습지에 조성된 보는 상·하류 간 유속 변화와 침식 및 퇴적양상에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 판단된다. 다만, 현재의 습지 지형은 이미 조성된 보와 상당 시간 조응하여 발달한 것이므로 보의 해체나 하도 정비와 같이 급격한 환경 변화를 유발할 수 있는 요인을 억제하는 행정과 관리가 필요하다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 국립생태원 내륙습지 정밀조사의 일환으로 수행되었으며, 내륙습지 정밀조사 보고서 내용의 일부를 수정·각색하여 작성되었음.

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