DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Directorial Characteristics Depicting Nietzschean Nihilism in Animation: A Focus on 'Attack on Titan'

니체의 허무주의가 재현된 애니메이션의 연출적 특성 -<진격의 거인>을 중심으로

  • 김지웅 (부산대학교 디자인학과) ;
  • 이현석 (부산대학교 디자인학과)
  • Received : 2024.03.14
  • Accepted : 2024.05.05
  • Published : 2024.05.31

Abstract

After Friedrich Nietzsche's advocacy of nihilism, many literary works, dramas, and films have depicted aspects of human psychology associated with nihilism. Animation, too, has been used to convey nihilism, with narratives infused with nihilistic themes produced as both TV series and theatrical animations. Particularly, animation, as a visual medium capable of realizing any imaginative image unlike other media, possesses distinctive characteristics from live-action cinematography and differs from comics in its temporal properties. Hence, this study aims to analyze how Nietzsche's defined three stages of nihilism are represented within animation characters and how they construct various scenarios, using the anime "Attack on Titan" as a case study. The research unfolds by first examining Nietzsche's types of nihilism and the three stages through a review of literature, while also investigating the portrayal of nihilism in mass media and considering the unique attributes of animation. Secondly, building upon the literature review, the analysis interprets the narrative and constructed world of the chosen case study from a nihilistic perspective, examining four major characters through the stages of passive nihilism, active nihilism, and eternal recurrence. The findings demonstrate that the anime conveys two messages regarding negation and affirmation of one's life and existence, thereby offering viewers an opportunity to deeply contemplate human existence. This study is considered significant as it examines how Nietzschean nihilism is portrayed within the popular entertainment medium of animation.

니체의 허무주의 주창 이후 많은 문학, 드라마, 영화에서 허무주의와 연관한 인간 심리에 대한 묘사가 이루어졌으며, 애니메이션 또한 허무주의를 담아낸 서사가 TV 시리즈와 극장용 애니메이션으로 제작되고 있다. 특히, 애니메이션은 여타 매체와 달리 어떠한 상상의 이미지도 구현할 수 있는 시각 영상매체로써 실사 촬영 영상과 다른 특성을 보이며, 시간적 속성을 가짐으로써 만화와 차별된다. 이에 본 연구는 니체가 정의한 허무주의의 세 단계가 어떻게 애니메이션 캐릭터에서 재현되고, 어떠한 상황을 연출하는지 애니메이션 <진격의 거인>을 사례로 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위한 연구의 전개는 첫째, 니체의 허무주의의 유형과 세 단계에 대해 문헌을 중심으로 고찰하고, 대중매체에 재현된 허무주의와 애니메이션의 특성에 대해 살펴본다. 둘째, 문헌연구에 기초하여 사례분석 대상의 서사와 구축된 세계관을 통해 허무주의적 관점에서 해석하며, 수동적 허무주의, 능동적 허무주의, 영원회귀의 삶의 세 단계 허무주의를 통해 네 명의 주요 등장인물을 분석한다. 그 결과 해당 애니메이션은 자신의 삶과 존재의 의미를 향한 부정과 긍정이라는 두 가지 메시지를 전달하며, 이를 통해 관객들은 인간의 실존에 대해 심도 있게 고찰할 기회를 맞이한다. 본 연구는 니체의 허무주의가 대중오락 매체인 애니메이션에서 어떻게 재현되는지 살펴볼 수 있는 연구라 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Doopedia, Nihilism.https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=1078823&cid=40942&categoryId=31500
  2. S.k. Lee. "A study on Heidegger's criticism of nihilism." Studies in Philosophy East-West, No. 101, p. 430, Sep 2021. DOI: 10.15841/kspew..101.202109.429
  3. doctorsnews. 2011.10.24. https://www.doctorsnews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=74179&sc_word=&sc_word2
  4. Friedrich Nietzsche, Translated by D.s. Kang. "Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for All and for None." hangilsa, p.38, Nov 2011.
  5. K.c. Moon. "Eine Untersuchung uber die dionysische Bejahung und die uberwindung des Nihilismus bei Nietzsche." Master's thesis, p. 14, Feb 2009.
  6. Friedrich Nietzsche, Translated by C.g. Park. "Nietzsche and nihilism." fountain of jisung, p. 129, May 1996.
  7. S.k. Lee. "A study on Heidegger's criticism of nihilism." Studies in Philosophy East-West, No. 101, p. 432, Sep 2021. DOI: 10.15841/kspew..101.202109.429
  8. Martin Heidegger, Translated by C.g. Park. "Nietzsche II." Cogito General Secretary, p. 89, 2012.
  9. C.d. Yeom. "A study on Nietzsche's nihilism." Master's thesis, p. 27, Dec 2015.
  10. Y.b. Jeong. "Nietzchean Nihilism-A Study of Oscar Wilde's 「The Picture of Dorian Gray」" Master's thesis, p. 15, Jun 2015.
  11. S.y. Lee. "Nietzsche, Nihilism and Love for Fate." Studies in Philosophy East-West, Vol. 98, p. 344, Dec 2020. DOI: 10.15841/kspew..98.202012.331
  12. Martin Heidegger, Translated by C.g. Park. "Nietzsche II." Cogito General Secretary, p. 88, 2012.
  13. Y.b. Jeong. "Nietzchean Nihilism-A Study of Oscar Wilde's 「The Picture of Dorian Gray」" Master's thesis, p. 16, Jun 2015.
  14. S.y. Lee. "Nietzsche, Nihilism and Love for Fate." Studies in Philosophy East-West, Vol. 98, p. 344, Dec 2020. DOI: 10.15841/kspew..98.202012.331
  15. Friedrich Nietzsche, Translated by S.y. Lee. "Look at this person." Jimanji, p. 373, Nov 2016.
  16. Y.b. Jeong. "Nietzchean Nihilism-A Study of Oscar Wilde's 「The Picture of Dorian Gray」" Master's thesis, p. 17, Jun 2015.
  17. C.r. Kim. "Is Nietzsche a nihilist? A study on the end of nihilism." PAN-KOREAN PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 97, No. 2, p. 42, Jun 2020. DOI: 10.17745/pkps.2020.06.97.39
  18. N.r. Jeong. "Die Uberwindung des Nihilismus und der Geist des Spiels bei Nietzsche." Vol. 16, No. 1, p. 21, Nov 2013.
  19. Y.b. Jeong. "Nietzchean Nihilism-A Study of Oscar Wilde's 「The Picture of Dorian Gray」" Master's thesis, p. 18, Jun 2015.
  20. J.w. Lee. "Nietzsche talks about the era when God died." EBS Humanities Special Lecture. 2014.
  21. J.w. Lee. "Nietzsche's life lectures." Humanist, Chapter 6, Jul 2015.
  22. C.d. Yeom, A study of Nietzsche's Nihililsm, Won Kwang University, p.31, Dec 2015.
  23. C.d. Yeom, A study of Nietzsche's Nihililsm, Won Kwang University, p.32, Dec 2015.
  24. J.w. Lee. "Nietzsche, Talk about a time when God died", EBS Humanities Special Lecture, "Zarathustra said this", 2014.
  25. Mediaus. 2013.07.05. https://www.mediaus.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=35478
  26. S.w. Lee. "Animation aesthetics and directing theory."Cartoon webtoon theory series, CommunicationBooks, pp. 45-49, Jan 2018.
  27. H.s. Lee. "The Surrealist Expression of Buddhist Symbolism Using 3D Computer Animation." Journal of the Korea Contents Assoctaion, Vol. 14, No. 9, p. 96, Sep 2014. DOI: 10.5392/JKCA.2014.14.09.093
  28. Genesis. 1:27
  29. Linked Horizon. <An dich in zweitausend oder zwanzigtausend Jahren> 2023.
  30. S.s. Park. "Digital film aesthetics." History of Culture and Science, p. 62, Apr 2005.