Membrane and Water Treatment

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Morphological characteristics and nutrient removal efficiency of granular PAO and DPAO SBRs operating at different temperatures

  • Geumhee Yun (Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Jongbeom Kwon (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Sunhwa Park (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Young Kim (Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Kyungjin Han (Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation)
  • Received : 2023.10.31
  • Accepted : 2024.01.23
  • Published : 2024.01.25
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Abstract

Biological nutrient removal is gaining increasing attention in wastewater treatment plants; however, it is adversely affected by low temperatures. This study examined temperature effects on nutrient removal and morphological stability of the granular and denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO and DPAO, respectively) using sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) at 5, 10, and 20 ℃. Lab-scale SBRs were continuously operated using anaerobic-anoxic and anaerobic-oxic cycles to develop the PAO and DPAO granules for 230 d. Sludge granulation in the two SBRs was observed after approximately 200 d. The average removal efficiency of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and PO43--P remained >90% throughout, even when the temperature dropped to 5 ℃. The average removal efficiency of NO3--N remained >80% consistently in DPAO SBR. However, nitrification drastically decreased at 10 ℃. Hence, the removal efficiency of NH4+-N was decreased from 99.1% to 54.5% in PAO SBR. Owing to the increased oxygen penetration depth at low temperatures, the influence on nitrification rates was limited. The granule in DPAO and PAO SBR was observed to be unstable and disintegrated at 10 ℃. In conclusion, morphological characteristics showed that changed conversion rates at low temperatures in aerobic granular sludge altered both nutrient removal efficiencies and granule formation.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the Korea Ministry of Environment and the Technology Institute (KEITI) as "The Subsurface Environmental Management (SEM) project (2021002470002)", This research was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2022R1I1A3070866). This work was also supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environment Research (NIER), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIER-2023-01-01-134). This article has not been reviewed by these agencies, and no official endorsement should be inferred.

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