Animal Bioscience

  • 제37권6호
  • /
  • Pages.1053-1064
  • /
  • 2024
  • /
  • 2765-0189(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2765-0235(eISSN)
아세아태평양축산학회 (Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Interaction effects of glycine equivalent and standardized ileal digestible threonine in low protein diets for broiler grower chickens

  • 투고 : 2023.08.15
  • 심사 : 2023.12.10
  • 발행 : 2024.06.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Objective: This study aims to investigate the interactive effect of a glycine equivalent (Glyequi) and standardized ileal digestible threonine (SID Thr) levels in low crude protein diets on performance, blood biochemistry, pectoral muscular creatine content and oxidative stability of meat in broiler chickens from 21 to 42 days. Methods: A total of 1,500, twenty-one-day-old Cobb-Vantress male broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized 5×3 factorial arrangement of Glyequi×SID Thr with five replicates of 20 birds each. Fifteen dietary treatments of 16.5% CP were formulated to contain five levels of total Glyequi (1.16%, 1.26%, 1.36%, 1.46%, and 1.56%) and three levels of SID Thr (0.58%; 0.68% and 0.78%). Results: Interaction effects (p<0.05) of Glyequi and SID Thr levels were observed for weight gain, carcass yield, pectoral muscular creatine content and serum uric acid. Higher levels of Glyequi increased (p = 0.040) weight gain in 0.58% and 0.68% SID Thr diets compare to the 0.78% SID Thr diet. The SID Thr level at 0.68% improved (p = 0.040) feed conversion compared to other SID Thr diets. Levels of Glyequi equal to or above 1.26% in diets with 0.78% SID Thr resulted in birds with higher (p = 0.033) pectoral muscular creatine content. The breast meat yield observed in the 0.68% SID Thr diet was higher (p = 0.05) compared to the 0.58% SID Thr diet. There was a quadratic effect of Glyequi levels for pectoral pectoral muscular creatine content (p = 0.008), breast meat yield (p = 0.030), and serum total protein concentrations (p = 0.040), and the optimal levels were estimated to be 1.47%, 1.35%, and 1.40% Glyequi, respectively. The lowest (p = 0.050) concentration of malondialdehyde in the breast meat was found in 0.68% SID Thr diets at 1.36% Glyequi. Conclusion: The minimum dietary level of Glyequi needed to improve performance in low crude protein diets is 1.26% with adequate SID Thr levels for broiler chickens.

키워드

과제정보

We thank the outstanding technical assistance received from members of Poultry Nutrition Research Group (Grupo de Pesquisa em Nutricao de Aves) of the Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringa, Parana-Brazil.

참고문헌

  1. Hilliar M, Hargreave G, Girish CK, Barekatain R, Wu SB, Swick RA. Using crystalline amino acids to supplement broiler chicken requirements in reduced protein diets. Poult Sci 2020;99:1551-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.005 
  2. Liu SY, Macelline SP, Chrystal PV, Selle PH. Progress towards reduced-crude protein diets for broiler chickens and sustainable chicken meat production. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021;12:20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-021-00550-w 
  3. Hejdysz M, Bogucka J, Ziolkowska E, et al. Effects of low crude protein content and glycine supplementation on broiler chicken performance, carcass traits, and litter quality. Livest Sci 2022;261:104930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104930 
  4. Dean DW, Bidner TD, Southern LL. Glycine supplementation to low protein, amino acid-supplemented diets supports optimal performance of broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2006;85:288-96. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/85.2.288 
  5. Saleh AA, Amber KA, Soliman MM, et al. Effect of low protein diets with amino acids supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters and muscle amino acids profile in broiler chickens under high ambient temperature. Agriculture 2021;11:185. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020185 
  6. Ospina-Rojas IC, Murakami AE, Duarte CRA, Eyng C, Oliveira CAL, Janeiro V. Valine, isoleucine, arginine and glycine supplementation of low-protein diets for broiler chickens during the starter and grower phases. Br Poult Sci 2014;55:766-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2014.970125 
  7. Siegert W, Wild KJ, Schollenberger M, Helmbrecht A, Rodehutscord M. Effect of glycine supplementation in low protein diets with amino acids from soy protein isolate or free amino acids on broiler growth and nitrogen utilization. Br Poult Sci 2016;57:424-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2016.1163523 
  8. Ospina-Rojas IC, Murakami AE, Moreira I, Picoli KP, Rodrigueiro RJB, Furlan AC. Dietary glycine+serine responses of male broilers given low-protein diets with different concentrations of threonine. Br Poult Sci 2013;54:486-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2013.794257 
  9. Baker DH, Hill TM, Kleiss AJ. Nutritional evidence concerning formation of glycine from threonine in the chick. J Anim Sci 1972;34:582-6. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1972.344582x 
  10. Ospina-Rojas IC, Murakami AE, Oliveira CAL, Guerra AFQG. Supplemental glycine and threonine effects on performance, intestinal mucosa development, and nutrient utilization of growing broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2013;92:2724-31. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2013-03171 
  11. Hilliar M, Huyen N, Girish CK, Barekatain R, Wu S, Swick RA. Supplementing glycine, serine, and threonine in low protein diets for meat type chickens. Poult Sci 2019;98:6857-65. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez435 
  12. Davis AJ, Austic RE. Dietary threonine imbalance alters threonine dehydrogenase activity in isolated hepatic mitochondria of chicks and rats. J Nutr 1994;124:1667-77. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/124.9.1667 
  13. Corzo A, Kidd MT, Dozier III WA, Kerr BJ. Dietary glycine and threonine interactive effects in broilers. J Appl Poult Res 2009;18:79-84. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2008-00078 
  14. Siegert W, Ahmadi H, Helmbrecht A, Rodehutscord M. A quantitative study of the interactive effects of glycine and serine with threonine and choline on growth performance in broilers. Poult Sci 2015;94:1557-68. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev109 
  15. Aguihe PC, Hirata KA, Ospina-Rojas CI, et al. Effect of glycine equivalent levels in low protein diet containing different SID threonine concentrations on performance, serum metabolites and pectoral muscular creatine of broiler chickens. Ital J Anim Sci 2022;21:1000-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2022.2080593 
  16. Rostagno HS, Albino LFT, Donzele JL, et al. Brazilian tables for poultry and swine: feed composition and nutritional requirements. 3rd ed. Vicosa, MG, Brazil: Federal Univesity of Vicosa-UFV; 2011. 186 p. 
  17. Hofmann P, Siegert W, Kenez A, Naranjo VD, Rodehutscord M. Very low crude protein and varying glycine concentrations in the diet affect growth performance, characteristics of nitrogen excretion, and the blood metabolome of broiler chickens. J Nutr 2019;149:1122-32. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz022 
  18. Elahi U, Wang J, Ma YB, Wu SG, Qi GH, Zhang HJ. The response of broiler chickens to dietary soybean meal reduction with glycine and cysteine inclusion at marginal sulfur amino acids (SAA) deficiency. Animals 2020;10:1686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10091686 
  19. Tietz NW. Fundamentals of clinical chemistry. Philadelphia, PA, USA: WB Saunders Company; 1986. 
  20. Ishihara A, Kurahasi K, Uehara H. Enzymatic determination of ammonia in blood and plasma. Clin Chim Acta 1972;41:255-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(72)90519-0 
  21. Chamruspollert M, Pesti GM, Bakalli RI. Dietary interrelationships among arginine, methionine, and lysine in young broiler chicks. Br J Nutr 2002;88:655-60. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2002732 
  22. Sorensen G, Jorgensen SS. A critical examination of some experimental variables in the 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test for lipid oxidation in meat products. Eur Food Res Technol 1996;202:205-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01263541 
  23. Kriseldi R, Tillman PB, Jiang Z, Dozier III WA. Effects of feeding reduced crude protein diets on growth performance, nitrogen excretion, and plasma uric acid concentration of broiler chicks during the starter period. Poult Sci 2018;97:1614-26. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex395 
  24. Greenhalgh S, McInerney BV, McQuade LR, et al. Capping dietary starch:protein ratios in moderately reduced crude protein, wheat-based diets showed promise but further reductions generated inferior growth performance in broiler chickens. Anim Nutr 2020;6:168-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2020.01.002 
  25. Chrystal PV, Greenhalgh S, Selle PH, Liu SY. Facilitating the acceptance of tangibly reduced-crude protein diets for chicken-meat production. Anim Nutr 2020;6:247-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2020.06.001 
  26. Cobb-Vantress Inc. Broiler performance and nutrition supplement vol 48 [Internet]. Colchester, England: Cobb-Vantress Inc; c2008 [cited 2018 Jan 22]. Available from: http://www.cobb-vantress.com 
  27. Law FL, Zulkifli I, Soleimani AF, Liang JB, Awad EA. The effects of low protein diets and protease supplementation on broiler chickens in a hot and humid tropical environment. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018;31:1291-300. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0581 
  28. Chrystal PV, Moss AF, Yin D, et al. Glycine equivalent and threonine inclusions in reduced-crude protein, maize-based diets impact on growth performance, fat deposition, starch-protein digestive dynamics and amino acid metabolism in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020;261:114387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114387 
  29. Bernardino VMP, Albino LFT, Rostagno HS, et al. Effect of different digestible threonine: digestible lysine ratios, with or without glycine supplementation, on the enzymatic activity in broiler chicks. R Bras Zootec 2011;40:2732-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982011001200017 
  30. Min YN, Liu SG, Qu ZX, Meng GH, Gao YP. Effects of dietary threonine levels on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant capacities, and gut morphology in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2017;96:1290-7. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew393 
  31. Najafi R, Ahmar R, Tazehkand G. Effect of different dietary threonine levels on optimal growth performance and intestinal morphology in 1-14 days old Ross 308 broilers. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2017;19:59-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0327 
  32. Silva CA, Cancelliero KM. Effect of oral creatine supplementation in skeletal muscle of rat immobilized hindlimb. Rev Bras Nutr Clin 2006;21:17-22. 
  33. Lemme A, Ringel J, Rostagno HS, Redshaw MS. Supplemental guanidino acetic acid improved feed conversion, weight gain, and breast meat yield in male and female broilers. 16th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition; 2007 Aug 26-30: Strasbourg, France; 2007. pp. 335-8. 
  34. Tossenberger J, Rademacher M, Nemeth K, Halas V, Lemme A. Digestibility and metabolism of dietary guanidino acetic acid fed to broilers. Poult Sci 2016;95:2058-67. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew083 
  35. Kidd MT, Maynard CW, Mullenix GJ. Progress of amino acid nutrition for diet protein reduction in poultry. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021;12:45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-021-00568-0 
  36. Majdeddin M, Braun U, Lemme A, et al. Guanidinoacetic acid supplementation improves feed conversion in broilers subjected to heat stress associated with pectoral muscular creatine loading and arginine sparing. Poult Sci 2020;99:4442-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.023 
  37. Burke DG, Candow DG, Chilibeck PD, et al. Effect of creatine supplementation and resistance-exercise training on muscle insulin-like growth factor in young adults. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2008;18:389-98. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.18.4.389 
  38. Namroud NF, Shivazad M, Zaghari M, Shahneh AZ. Effects of Glycine and glutamic acid supplementation to low protein diets on performance, thyroid function and fat deposition in chickens South Afr J Anim Sci 2010;40:238-44. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v40i3.8 
  39. Akinde DO. Amino acid efficiency with dietary glycine supplementation: part 1. Worlds Poult Sci J 2014;70:461-74. https://doi.org/10.1017/s004393391400052x 
  40. Wang WW, Wang J, Wu SG, Zhang HJ, Qi GH. Response of broilers to gradual dietary protein reduction with or without an adequate glycine plus serine level. Ital J Anim Sci 2020;19:127-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2019.1704634 
  41. McCarty MF, O'Keefe JH, DiNicolantonio JJ. Dietary glycine is rate-limiting for glutathione synthesis and may have broad potential for health protection. Ochsner J 2018;18:81-7. 
  42. Surai PF, Kochish II, Fisinin VI, Kidd MT. Antioxidant defence systems and oxidative stress in poultry biology: an update. Antioxidants 2019;8:235. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8070235 
  43. Ponnampalam EN, Kiani A, Santhiravel S, Holman BWB, Lauridsen C, Dunshea FR. The importance of dietary antioxidants on oxidative stress, meat and milk production, and their preservative aspects in farm animals: antioxidant action, animal health, and product quality. Animals 2022;12:3279. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12233279 
  44. Senthilkumar R, Sengottuvelan M, Nalini N. Protective effect of glycine supplementation on the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in the erythrocytes of rats with alcohol induced liver injury. Cell Biochem Funct 2003;22:123-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.1062 
  45. Gao L, Zhang C, Zheng Y. et al. Glycine regulates lipid peroxidation promoting porcine oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. J Anim Sci 2023;101:skac425. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac425 
  46. Deng C, Zheng J, Zhou H, You J, Li G. Dietary glycine supplementation prevents heat stress-induced impairment of antioxidant status and intestinal barrier function in broilers. Poult Sci 2023;102:102408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.102408