Computers and Concrete

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

System-level performance of earthquake-damaged concrete bridges with repaired columns

  • Giacomo Fraioli (Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Yu Tang (College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University) ;
  • Yang Yang (Department of Civil, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, University of Hartford) ;
  • Lesley H. Sneed (Department of Civil, Materials and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago)
  • Received : 2023.11.05
  • Accepted : 2024.01.14
  • Published : 2024.04.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns are typically designated as the primary source of energy dissipation for a bridge structure during an earthquake. Therefore, seismic repair of RC bridge columns has been studied extensively during the past several decades. On the other hand, few studies have been conducted to evaluate how repaired column members influence the system-level response of an RC bridge structure in subsequent earthquakes. In this study, a numerical model was established to simulate the response of two large-scale RC columns, repaired using different techniques, reported in the literature. The columns were implemented into a prototype bridge model that was subjected to earthquake loading. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and fragility analysis were conducted on numerical bridge models to evaluate the efficacy of the repairs and the post-repair seismic performance of the prototype bridge that included one or more repaired columns in various locations. For the prototype bridge herein modeled, the results showed that a confinement-enhanced oriented repair would not affect the seismic behavior of the prototype bridge. Increasing the strength of the longitudinal reinforcement could effectively reduce the drift of the prototype bridge in subsequent earthquakes. A full repair configuration for the columns was the most effective method for enhancing the seismic performance of the prototype bridge. To obtain a positive effect on seismic performance, a minimum of two repaired columns was required.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the Mid-America Transportation Center under a project grant no. 00065573. The Center is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation under grant no. 69A3551747107.

References

  1. AASHTO (2002), Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 17th Edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C., USA.
  2. AASHTO (2020), AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 9th Edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C., USA.
  3. Amirsardari, A., Rajeev, P., Goldsworthy, H.M. and Lumantarna, E. (2016), "Modelling non-ductile reinforced concrete columns", Proceedings of the 2016 Australian Earthquake Engineering Society Conference, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, November.
  4. Bai, Y.L., Zhang, Y.F., Sun, P.X., Dai, J.G. and Ozbakkaloglu, T. (2023), "Experimental and numerical study on seismic performance of PEN FRP-jacketed circular RC columns", J. Compos. Constr., 27(2), 04023001. https://doi.org/10.1061/JCCOF2.CCENG-3983.
  5. Bentz, E.C. (2000), Sectional Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Members, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  6. Brunesi, E. and Nascimbene, R. (2014), "Extreme response of reinforced concrete buildings through fiber force-based finite element analysis", Eng. Struct., 69, 206-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.03.020.
  7. Cheng, C.T., Mo, Y. and Yeh, Y.K. (2005), "Evaluation of as-built, retrofitted, and repaired shear-critical hollow bridge columns under earthquake-type loading", J. Bridge Eng., 10(5), 520-529. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2005)10:5(520).
  8. Fakharifar, M., Chen, G., Sneed, L. and Dalvand, A. (2015), "Seismic performance of post-mainshock FRP/steel repaired RC bridge columns subjected to aftershocks", Compos. Part B: Eng., 72, 183-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.12.010.
  9. Faturechi, R. and Miller-Hooks, E. (2015), "Measuring the performance of transportation infrastructure systems in disasters: A comprehensive review", J. Infrastr. Syst., 21(1), 04014025. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000212.
  10. FHWA (2022), National Bridge Inspection Standards - Bridges & Structures. Federal Register, 87 FR 27396-27431, 23 CFR Part 650, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., USA.
  11. Frangopol, D.M., Dong, Y. and Sabatino, S. (2019), "Bridge life-cycle performance and cost: Analysis, prediction, optimisation and decision-making", Structures and Infrastructure Systems, Routledge, London, UK.
  12. Ghosn, M., Duenas-Osorio, L., Frangopol, D., McAllister, T., Bocchini, P., Manuel, L., Ellingwood, B., Arangio, S., Bontempi, F. and Shah, M. (2016), "Performance indicators for structural systems and infrastructure networks", J. Struct. Eng., 142(9), F4016003. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001542.
  13. Goodnight, J., Feng, Y., Kowalsky, M. and Nau, J. (2012), "The effect of load history on reinforced concrete bridge column behavior", FHWA-AK-RD-12-09; Alaska Department of Transportation & Public Facilities, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
  14. He, R., Grelle, S., Sneed, L.H. and Belarbi, A. (2013), "Rapid repair of a severely damaged RC column having fractured bars using externally bonded CFRP", Compos. Struct., 101(15), 225-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.02.012.
  15. He, R., Yang, Y. and Sneed, L.H. (2015), "Seismic repair of reinforced concrete bridge columns: Review of research findings", J. Bridge Eng., 20(12), 04015015. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000760.
  16. He, R., Yang, Y. and Sneed, L.H. (2016), "Post-repair seismic assessment of RC bridges damaged with fractured column bars? A numerical approach", Eng. Struct., 112, 100-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.01.007.
  17. Jiang, S.F., Zeng, X., Shen, S. and Xu, X. (2016), "Experimental studies on the seismic behavior of earthquake-damaged circular bridge columns repaired by using combination of near-surface-mounted BFRP bars with external BFRP sheets jacketing", Eng. Struct., 106, 317-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.10.037.
  18. Kent, D.C. and Park, R. (1971), "Inelastic behaviour of reinforced concrete members with cyclic loading", Bull. N.Z. Soc. Earthq. Eng., 4(1), 108-125.
  19. Lowes, L.N. and Altoontash, A. (2003), "Modeling reinforced-concrete beam-column joints subjected to cyclic loading", J. Struct. Eng., 129(12), 1686-1697. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:12(1686).
  20. Mander, J.A.B. and Priestley, M.J.N. (1988), "Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete", J. Struct. Eng., 114(8), 1804-1826. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804).
  21. Mast, R., Marsh, L., Spry, C., Johnson, S., Griebenow, R., Guarre, J. and Wilson, W. (1996), "Seismic design of bridges-design example No. 4: Three-span continuous CIP concrete bridge", FHWA-SA-97-009; Federal Highway Administration Office of Technology Applications, Washington, D.C., USA.
  22. McKenna, F., Fenves, G.L. and Scott, M.H. (2000), "Open system for earthquake engineering simulation", University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
  23. Miari, M. and Nazri, F.M. (2019), "Short review on incremental dynamic analysis and fragility assessment", Adv. Civil Eng. Technol., 3(2), 1-4.
  24. Paulay, T. and Priestley, M.J.N. (1992), Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
  25. Priestley, M.N., Seible, F. and Calvi, G.M. (1996), Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
  26. Ren, W.X. and Chen, H.B. (2010), "Finite element model updating in structural dynamics by using the response surface method", Eng. Struct., 32(8), 2455-2465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.04.019.
  27. Rutledge, S.T., Kowalsky, M.J., Seracino, R. and Nau, J.M. (2014), "Repair of reinforced concrete bridge columns containing buckled and fractured reinforcement by plastic hinge relocation", J. Bridge Eng., 19(8), A4013001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000492.
  28. Scott, B.D., Park, R. and Priestley, M.J.N. (1982), "Stress-strain behavior of concrete confined by overlapping hoops at low and high strain rates", ACI J., 79(1), 13-27. https://doi.org/10.14359/10875.
  29. Sheikh, S.A. and Yau, G. (2002), "Seismic behavior of concrete columns confined with steel and fiber-reinforced polymers", ACI Struct. J., 99(1), 72-80.
  30. Tang, Y., Wu, G. and Sun, Z. (2018), "Numerical study on seismic behavior of underwater bridge columns strengthened with prestressed precast concrete panels and fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcements", Int. J. Polym. Sci., 2018, 15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7438694.
  31. Teng, J., Chen, J.F., Smith, S.T. and Lam, L. (2002), "FRP: Strengthened RC structures", Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
  32. Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C.A. (2002), "Incremental dynamic analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31(3), 491-514. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.141.
  33. Vosooghi, A. and Saiidi, M. (2009), "Rapid repair of high-shear earthquake-damaged RC bridge columns", Proceedings of 25th US-Japan Bridge Engineering Workshop, Tsukuba, Japan, October.
  34. Vosooghi, A. and Saiidi, M.S. (2010), "Seismic damage states and response parameters for bridge columns", Spec. Publ., 271, 29-46. https://doi.org/10.14359/51663888.
  35. Vrijdaghs, R. and Verstrynge, E. (2022), "Probabilistic structural analysis of a real-life corroding concrete bridge girder incorporating stochastic material and damage variables in a finite element approach", Eng. Struct., 254, 113831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113831.
  36. Wu, R.Y. and Pantelides, C.P. (2017a), "Rapid repair and replacement of earthquake-damaged concrete columns using plastic hinge relocation", Compos. Struct., 180, 467-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.08.051.
  37. Wu, R.Y. and Pantelides, C.P. (2017b), "Rapid seismic repair of reinforced concrete bridge columns", ACI Struct. J., 114(5), 1339.
  38. Wu, R.Y. and Pantelides, C.P. (2018), "Concentrated and distributed plasticity models for seismic repair of damaged RC bridge columns", J. Compos. Constr., 22(5), 04018044. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000879.
  39. Wu, R.Y. and Pantelides, C.P. (2019), "Seismic evaluation of repaired multi-column bridge bent using static and dynamic analysis", Constr. Build. Mater., 208, 792-807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.027.
  40. Zhao, J. and Sritharan, S. (2007), "Modeling of strain penetration effects in fiber-based analysis of reinforced concrete structures", ACI Struct. J., 104(2), 133.