Human Ecology Research

  • 제62권1호
  • /
  • Pages.69-80
  • /
  • 2024
  • /
  • 2982-5725(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2982-6608(eISSN)
대한가정학회 (The Korean Home Economics Association)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

어머니의 초기부모애착과 사회적 관심: 애착 불안과 애착 회피를 중심으로

Maternal Early Parent Attachment and Social Interest: The Effect of Attachment Anxiety and Attachment Avoidance

  • 민하영 (대구가톨릭대학교 아동학과)
  • Ha Yeoung, Min (Department of Child Studies, Daegu Catholic University)
  • 투고 : 2023.10.23
  • 심사 : 2024.01.12
  • 발행 : 2024.02.28
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This study explored the relationship between maternal early parental attachment (EPA) and social interest. The participants were 311 mothers with elementary schoolchildren who lived in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area. Data were collected through an online questionnaire provided on the portal site and analyzed using k-means clustering, t-test, One-Way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 for Windows and, RMSEA, TLI, NFI and CFI using IBM SPSS AMOS 18 for Windows. The principal results were as follows. Firstly, mothers' EPA anxiety and avoidance had a negative influence on social interest. Secondly, social interest was found to be significantly higher among mothers with a secure attachment style than among mothers with an insecure attachment style. Thirdly, significant differences were observed in levels of social interest among mothers with secure, preoccupied, dismissive, and disorientated attachment styles. A Scheffé post-hoc test revealed that social interest was significantly higher among mothers with a secure attachment style than among mothers with a disorientated attachment style. The experience of relationships with caregivers early in life is therefore important in the development of social interest.

키워드

과제정보

This work was supported by research grants from Daegu Catholic University in 2023.

참고문헌

  1. Adler, A. (1956). The individual psychology of Alfred Adler. In H. L. Ansbacher & R. R. Ansbacher (Eds.). NY: Harper Torchbooks.
  2. Ainsworth, M. D., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  3. Ansbacher, H. L. (1991). The concept of social interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 24(2), 131-149.
  4. Bass, M. L., Curlette, W. L., Kern, R. M., & McWilliams, A. E., Jr. (2002). Social interest: A meta-analysis of a multidimensional construct. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 58(1), 4-34.
  5. Barkley, H., Wilborn, B., & Towers, M. (1984). Social interest in a peer counseling training program. Individual Psychology: Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice, 40(3), 295-299.
  6. Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226-244. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226
  7. Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger. NY: Basic Books.
  8. Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46-76). NY: Guilford Press.
  9. Carlson, J., & Englar-Carlson, M. (2017). Adlerian psychotherapy. DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000014-000
  10. Cassidy, J., & Berlin, L. J. (1994). The insecure/ambivalent pattern of attachment: Theory and research. Child Development, 65(4), 971-981. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00796.x
  11. Choi, A. (2022). The mediating effect of social support on the relationship between adult attachment and the subjective happiness of university students. Family and Environment Research, 60(2), 231-242. https://doi.org/10.6115/fer.2022.015
  12. Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58 (4), 644-663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.644
  13. Crandall, J. E. (1991). A scale for social interest. Individual Psychology: Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice, 47(1), 106-114.
  14. Dinkmeyer, D., & Losoncy, L. (1996). The skills of encouragement: Bringing out the best in yourself and others (1st ed.). NY: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203739617.
  15. Eckstein, D., & Baruth, L. (1996). The theory and practice of lifestyle assessment. LA: Kendall/Hunt.
  16. Fish, R. C., & Mozdzierz, G. J. (1991). Validation of the Sulliman scale of social interest with psychotherapy outpatients. Individual Psychology: Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice, 47(1), 150-158.
  17. Fraley, R. C. (2002). Attachment stability from infancy to adulthood: Meta-analysis and dynamic modeling of developmental mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(2), 123-151. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0602_03
  18. Gillath, O., Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2005). An attachment-theoretical approach to compassion and altruism. In P. Gilbert (Ed.), Compassion: Conceptualizations, research and use in psychotherapy (pp. 121-147). NY: Routledge.
  19. Gilman, R. (2001). The relationship between life satisfaction, social interest, and frequency of extracurricular activities among adolescent students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(6), 749-767. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012285729701
  20. Giordano, A. L., Clarke, P. B., & Furter, R. T. (2014). Predicting substance abuse relapse: The role of social interest and social bonding. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling, 35 (2), 114-127. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1874.2014.00030.x
  21. Gfroerer, K. P., Kern, R. M., Curlette, W. L., White, J., & Jonyniene, J. (2011). Parenting style and personality: Perceptions of mothers, fathers, and adolescents. Journal of Individual Psychology, 67(1), 57-73.
  22. Grossmann, K. E., Grossmann, K., & Waters, E. (2005). Attachment from infancy to adulthood: The major longitudinal studies. NY: Guilford Press
  23. Guzick, D. T., Dorman, W. J., Groff, T. S., Altermatt, E. R., & Forsyth, G. A. (2004). Fostering social interesting in schools for long-term and short-term outcomes. Journal of Individual Psychology, 60(4), 361-378.
  24. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall 
  25. Hazan, C. & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
  26. Henderson, S. E., Dowda, R., & Robles-Pina, R. A. (2018). Predictors of bullying behavior: An Adlerian approach. In J. U. Gordon (Ed.), Bullying prevention and intervention at school: Integrating theory and research into best practices (pp. 17-35). Swiss: Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95414-1_2
  27. Jeong, M. (2013). Development and validation of the social interest inventory (SII). Korea Journal of Counseling, 14 (4), 2571-2583. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.14.4.201308.2571
  28. Jeong, M., Lee, M. R., & No, A. Y. (2006). The mediating effects of social interest on the relationship between attachment and psychological well-being. Korea Journal of Counseling, 7(4), 1023-1038.
  29. Johnson, P., Smith, A. J., & Nelson, M. D. (2003). Predictors of social interest in young adults. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 59(3), 281-292.
  30. Jonyniene, J., & Kern, R. (2012). Individual psychology lifestyles and parenting style in Lithuanian parents of 6-to-12-year olds. Tarptautinis Psichologijos Zurnalas: Biopsichosocialinis Poziuris, 11, 89-117. https://doi.org/10.7220/1941-7233.11.5
  31. Joubert, C. E. (1998). Narcissism, need for power and social interest. Psychological Reports, 82 (2), 701-702. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.2.701
  32. Kepalaite, A. (2012). Links between teachers' attachment style and social interest. Social Welfare: Interdisciplinary Approach, 2, 38-47. https://doi.org/10.15388/SW.2012.28275
  33. Kim, C. S. (2019). Development and validation of the social interest inventory based on the individual psychology. Korea Journal of Counseling, 20(1), 39-65. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.20.1.201902.39
  34. Kim, M. S. (2016). Development and validation of early parental attachment scale (EPAS). Korea Journal of Counseling, 17(4), 95-113. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.17.4.201608.95
  35. Kim, T. W., & Lee, J. M. (2016). UN's sustainable development goals: Strategies for poverty and inequality reduction. Health and Welfare Policy Forum, 10(240), 72-85. https://doi.org/10.23062/2016.10.7
  36. Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). NY: Guilford Press.
  37. Leak, G. K., & Leak, K. C. (2006). Adlerian social interest and positive psychology: A conceptual and empirical integration. Journal of Individual Psychology, 62(3), 207-223.
  38. Lee, J. Y. (2014). The effects of cost and value-affirmation on bystander's response to school bullying (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
  39. Lee, S., & Choi, J. A. (2021). The mediating effect of the satisfaction of basic psychological needs on the relationship between undergraduate students' parental attachment and college life adjustment. Family and Environment Research, 59 (4), 569-580. https://doi.org/10.6115/fer.2021.040.
  40. Manaster, G. J., Cemalcilar, Z., & Knill, M. (2003). Social interest and the individual and society: Practical and theoretical considerations. Journal of Individual Psychology, 59(2), 109-122.
  41. Matsunaga, M. (2008). Item parceling in structural equation modeling: A primer. Communication Method and Measures, 2 (4), 260-293. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312450802458935
  42. Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2003). The attachment behavioral system in adulthood: Activation, psychodynamics, and interpersonal processes. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 35, pp. 53-152). CA: Academic Press.
  43. Ministry of Education (2022). Ministry of education notification No. 2022-33 (Separate Volume 1). Retrieved December, 22, 2022 from https://www.moe.go.kr/boardCnts/viewRenew.do?boardID=141&boardSeq=93458&lev=0&searchType=null&statusYN=W&page=1&s=moe&m=040401&opType=N
  44. Mosak, H. H., & Maniacci, M. P. (1999). A primer of Adlerian psychology: The analytic-behavioral cognitive psychology of Alfred Adler. NY: Routledge
  45. No, A. Y., Kang, M. C., Oh, I. S., Kim, G. W., & Jeong, M. (2011). Personal psychology counseling principles and applications. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  46. Noftle, E. E., & Shaver, P. R. (2006). Attachment dimensions and the big five personality traits: Associations and comparative ability to predict relationship quality. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(2), 179-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2004.11.003
  47. Oh, S. Y. (2017). The empirical study of various item parceling methods on multidimensional scales in CFA and SEM. The Korean Journal of Educational Methodology Studies, 29(2), 313-345. https://doi.org/10.17927/tkjems.2017.29.2.313
  48. Peluso, P. R., Peluso, J. P., Buckner, J. P., Kern, R. M., & Curlette, W. (2009). Measuring lifestyle and attachment: An empirical investigation linking individual psychology and attachment theory. Journal of Counseling & Development, 87(4), 394-403. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2009.tb00123.x
  49. Peluso, P. R., Peluso, J. P., White, J. F., & Kern, R. M. (2004). A comparison of attachment theory and individual psychology: A review of the literature. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(2), 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00295.x
  50. Peterson, T. J., Epperson, D. L., & Hutzell, R. R. (1985). A comparison of two social interest measures with female convicts. Individual Psychology: Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice, 41(3), 349-353.
  51. Rennebohm, S. B., Seebeck, J., & Thoburn, J. W. (2017). Attachment, dyadic adjustment, and social interest: An indirect effects model. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 73(3), 208-224. https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2017.0017
  52. Saunders, S., & Roy, C. (1999). The relationship between depression, satisfaction with life, and social interest. South Pacific Journal of Psychology, 11(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0257543400000717
  53. Schwartz, C., Meisenhelder, J. B., Ma, Y., & Reed, G. (2003). Altruistic social interest behaviors are associated with better mental health. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(5), 778-785. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PSY.0000079378.39062.D4
  54. Seon, Y. W. (2014). The relationship among elementary school students' social interest, well-being and school adjustment. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 26(2), 525-543.
  55. Seong, T. J. (2017). Suggestions for the human character and education in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. Korean Journal of Education Research, 55(2), 1-21.
  56. Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2002). Attachment-related psychodynamics. Attachment and Human Development, 4(2), 133-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730210154171
  57. Shulman, B. H., & Watts, R. E. (1997). Adlerian and constructivist psychotherapies: An Adlerian perspective. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 11 (3), 181-193. https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.11.3.181
  58. Song, J. W. (2017). The effect of nonresponse rates on k-means cluster analysis with missing data. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 19(3), 689-697. https://doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2017.19.2.689
  59. Suh E. J., & Lee H. R. (2011). The effect of attachment improvement parent-education group counseling on mothers' adult attachment, selfe-steem and parent-child interaction. The Korean Journal of the Human Development, 18(2), 101-123.
  60. Sweeney, T. J., & Witmer, J. M. (1991). Beyond social interest: Striving toward optimum health and wellness. Individual Psychology. Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice, 47(4), 527-540.
  61. van Lissa, C. J., Hawk, S. T., de Wied, M., Koot, H. M., van Lier, P., & Meeus, W. (2014). The longitudinal interplay of affective and cognitive empathy within and between adolescents and mothers. Developmental Psychology, 50 (4), 1219-1225. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035050
  62. Weber, D. A. (2003). A comparison of individual psychology and attachment theory. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 59(3), 246-262.
  63. Wu, J., & Guo, B. (2015). Social interest: It's concept, measurement and related researches. Advances in Psychological Science, 23(5), 871-878. https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2015.00871
  64. Yang, J., Milliren A., & Blagen, M. (2010). The psychology of courage: An Adlerian handbook for healthy social living. NY: Routledge.
  65. Yu, L. H. (2019). The effects of Adlerian crucial Cs program on social interest and interpersonal orientation among elementary school students. The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling, 18(4), 417-434. https://doi.org/10.28972/kjec.2019.18.4.417
  66. Yun, J. W., & Kang, Y. S. (2017). The development and effects of a social interest enhancement group program for adolescents, based on Adlerian counseling theory. Studies on Korean Youth, 28(1), 99-125. https://doi.org/10.14816/sky.2017.28.1.99