DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Efficiency Assessment of China's Yangtze River Ports- Based on the 3-Stage DEA

중국 양쯔강(장강) 내륙항만의 효율성 평가 - 3단계 DEA 모델을 토대로

  • Received : 2023.01.26
  • Accepted : 2023.02.22
  • Published : 2023.02.28

Abstract

As competition between ports intensifies, port efficiency has always been a hot topic in the port and shipping economy. Boosting regional and national economies by improving port efficiency and promoting sustainable development of ports is also a concern for port operators and local and national governments. In this situation, this study has the following objectives. First, using panel data from 2010 to 2017, the efficiency of 14 major inland ports along the Yangtze River was analyzed, and changes in port efficiency over time were examined. Second, 14 inland ports are divided into the middle, upper, and lower Yangtze River port groups to compare and review differences in efficiency levels of ports by basin. For the study, we applied a three-step DEA analysis method, which evaluated the pure relative efficiency of the port itself by removing the effects of environmental factors and statistical noise that could affect the efficiency evaluation and presented the results. As a result, it was confirmed that there was a clear difference in the efficiency value of the port between the first-stage and the third-stage efficiency evaluation result. In addition, the downstream ports showed relatively high efficiency compared to the middle and upstream ports.

항만 간 경쟁이 심화되면서 항만효율성은 더욱 중요하게 인식되고 있다. 항만효율성 개선을 통하여 항만의 지속 가능한 개발을 촉진함과 동시에 지역 및 국가 경제성장을 도모하는 것은 항만운영자뿐만 아니라 지방 및 정부의 주된 관심사이다. 본 연구는 중국의 황금내륙수로인 양쯔강 상의 내륙항만들의 경쟁이 치열해지고 있는 상황에서 2010년부터 2017년까지의 패널자료를 이용하여 장강변 14개 주요 내륙항의 효율성을 분석하고 시간에 따른 항만 효율성의 변화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 동시에 14개 내륙항구를 양쯔강 중류, 상류, 하류 항만군으로 나누어 유역별 항만효율성 수준의 차이를 비교 검토하였다. 특히 본 연구를 수행하기 위해 3단계 DEA 분석 방법을 적용하여 효율성 평가에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 환경적 요인과 통계적 노이즈의 영향을 최대한 배제하여 항만 자체의 순수 상대효율성을 평가하였다. 분석결과, 1단계 효율 평가 결과와 3단계 효율 평가 결과 포트의 효율 값에 뚜렷한 차이가 있음을 확인하였고, 구체적인 결과를 해석과 함께 본문에서 제시하였다. 또한 하류항만들의 효율성이 중·상류 항만에 비해 상대적으로 높은 효율성을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. 김세원(2020), "중국의 카보타지 개방 이슈 및 영향 고찰," 「국제상학」, 제35권 제3호, pp. 269-286.
  2. "중국 카보타지 허용에도 끄떡없는 부산항...이유는?," 「노컷뉴스」, 2021.12.09., https://www.nocutnews.co.kr/news/5670946,
  3. Ablanedo-Rosas, J. H., H. Gao, X. Zheng, B. Alidaee and H. Wang (2010), "A study of the relative efficiency of Chinese ports: A financial ratio-based data envelopment analysis approach", Expert Systems, Vol.7 No.5, pp.349-362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.2010.00552.x
  4. Bergantino, A. S., E. Musso and F. Porcelli (2013), "Port management performance and contextual variables: Which relationship? Methodological and empirical issues", Research in Transportation Business and Management, Vol.8, pp.39-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2013.07.002
  5. Bray, S., L. Caggiani and M. Ottomanelli (2015), "Measuring Transport Systems Efficiency Under Uncertainty by Fuzzy Sets Theory Based Data Envelopment Analysis: Theoretical and Practical Comparison with Traditional DEA Model", Transportation Research Procedia, Vol.5, pp.186-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2015.01.005
  6. Chang, Young-Tae, Ah-Hyun Jo, Kyoung-Suk Choi and Suhyung Lee (2021), "Port efficiency and international trade in China", Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, Vol.17 No.4, pp.801-823. https://doi.org/10.1080/23249935.2020.1817169
  7. Charnes, A., W. W. Cooper and E. Rhodes (1978), "Measuring the efficiency of decision making units", European journal of operational research, Vol.2 No.6, 429-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(78)90138-8
  8. Chen, J., Y. Fei, Y. Zhu and F. Zhang (2018), "Allometric relationship between port throughput growth and urban population: A case study of Shanghai port and Shanghai city", Advances in Mechanical Engineering, Vol.10 No.3, pp.1-11.
  9. Dai, J. (2020), "Evaluation Method of Logistics Transportation Efficiency of Port Enterprises Based on Game Model", Journal of Coastal Research, Vol.103, pp.609-613. https://doi.org/10.2112/SI103-124.1
  10. Dan, L. I., L. Weixin and P. Feng (2013), "The efficiency measurement of coastal container terminals in China", Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, Vol.13 No.5, pp.10-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1570-6672(13)60121-X
  11. Fahim, P. B. M., J. Rezaei, B. Montreuil and L. Tavasszy (2022), "Port performance evaluation and selection in the Physical Internet", Transport Policy, Vol.124, pp.83-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.07.013
  12. Fan, G., X. Xie, J. Chen, Z. Wan, M. Yu and J. Shi (2022), "Has China's Free Trade Zone policy expedited port production and development", Marine Policy, Vol.137, pp.1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104951
  13. Fried, H. O., C. A. K. Lovell, S. S. Schmidt and S. Yaisawarng (2002), "Accounting for Environmental Effects and Statistical Noise in Data Envelopment Analysis", Journal of productivity Analysis, Vol.17, pp.157-174. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013548723393
  14. Gan, W., W. Yao, and S. Huang (2022), "Evaluation of Green Logistics Efficiency in Jiangxi Province Based on Three-Stage DEA from the Perspective of High-Quality Development", Sustainability, Vol.14 No.2, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020797
  15. Gok-Kisa, A. C., P. Celi̇k and I. Peker (2022), "Performance evaluation of privatized ports by entropy based TOPSIS and ARAS approach", Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol.29 No.1, pp.118-135. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-10-2020-0554
  16. Hua, C., J. Chen, Z. Wan, L. Xu, Y. Bai, T. Zheng and Y. Fei (2020), "Evaluation and governance of green development practice of port: A sea port case of China", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.249, pp.1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119434
  17. Huang, Wen-Chih, Junn-Yuan Teng, Miin-Jye Huang and Ming-Shin Kou (2003), "Port Competitiveness Evaluation by Fuzzy Multicriteria Grade Classification Model", Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol.11 No.1, pp.53-60.
  18. Huang, X., H. Chen, Y. Wang and H. Piao (2018), "Research on Port Efficiency Measurement Based on Three-stage Cascade Data Envelopment Analysis Control Strategy", Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Information Science and System, pp. 43-49.
  19. Jiang, J. L., Ek-Peng Chew, Loo-Hay Lee and Z. Sun (2012), "DEA based on strongly efficient and inefficient frontiers and its application on port efficiency measurement", OR Spectrum, Vol.34 No.4, pp.943-969. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00291-011-0263-2
  20. Li, D., W. Luan and F. Pian (2013), "The Efficiency Measurement of Coastal Container Terminals in China", Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, Vol.13 No.5, pp.10-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1570-6672(13)60121-X
  21. Li, H., L. Jiang, J. Liu and D. Su (2022), "Research on the Evaluation of Logistics Efficiency in Chinese Coastal Ports Based on the Four-Stage DEA Model", Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol.10 No.8, pp.1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081147
  22. Lin, B. and W. Lu (2021), "Port Efficiency Evaluation Based on Three-Stage DEA Model", ICIC Express Letters Part B: Applicaitons, Vol.12 No.10, pp.925-931.
  23. Liu, C. C. (2008), "Evaluating the operational efficiency of major ports in the Asia-Pacific region using data envelopment analysis", Applied Economics, Vol.40 No.13, pp.1737-1743. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840600905126
  24. Liu, X. and J. Liu (2016), "Measurement of Low Carbon Economy Efficiency with a Three-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis: A Comparison of the Largest Twenty CO2 Emitting Countries", International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol.13 No.11, pp.1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111116
  25. Lu, W. Z. and L. K. Wang (2020), "Prediction of port logistics demand based on BP neural network-a case study of Nantong Port", Academic Journal of Computing & Information Science, Vol.3 No.3, pp.34-42.
  26. Mou, N., C. Wang, T. Yang and L. Zhang (2020), "Evaluation of development potential of ports in the Yangtze river delta using FAHP-entropy model", Sustainability, Vol.12 No.2, pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020493
  27. Niu, D., T. Gao, Z. Ji, Y. Liu and G. Wu (2021), "Analysis of the Efficiency of Provincial Electricity Substitution in China Based on a Three-Stage DEA Model", Energies, Vol.14 No.20, pp.1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206650
  28. Nong, T. N. (2022), "Performance efficiency assessment of Vietnamese ports: An application of Delphi with Kamet principles and DEA model", The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, In Press, pp.1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsl.2022.10.002
  29. Peng, P., Y. Yang, F. Lu, S. Cheng, N. Mou and R. Yang (2018), "Modelling the competitiveness of the ports along the Maritime Silk Road with big data", Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol.118, pp.852-867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.10.041
  30. Perez, I., M. M. Gonzalez and L. Trujillo (2020), "Do specialisation and port size affect port efficiency? Evidence from cargo handling service in Spanish ports", Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol.138, pp.234- 249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.05.022
  31. Pjevcevic, D., A. Radonjic, Z. Hrle and V. Colic (1970), "DEA Window Analysis for Measuring Port Efficiencies in Serbia", PROMET - Traffic and Transportation, Vol.24 No.1, pp.63-72. https://doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v24i1.269
  32. Poitras, G., J. Tongzon and H. Li (1999), "Measuring Port Efficiency: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis," Working paper Singapore: National University of Singapore. pp.1-18.
  33. Song, M., G. Jia and P. Zhang (2020), "An Evaluation of Air Transport Sector Operational Efficiency in China based on a Three-Stage DEA Analysis", Sustainability, Vol.12 No.10, pp.1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104220
  34. Sun, H. and X. Chen (2009), "Analysis on Differences of Economic Factors Affecting the Cargo Throughput of Three Main Ports in China", In Logistics: The Emerging Frontiers of Transportation and Development in China, pp.3409-3415.
  35. Sun, Q., L. Chen and Q. Meng (2022), "Evaluating port efficiency dynamics: A risk-based approach", Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Vol.166, pp.333-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2022.10.002
  36. Tong, L., L. G. Zhong, Z. Jing and X. Xiang (2020), "Logistics Efficiency Analysis of Dalian Port in China Considering Environmental Factors and Random Errors: Measurement based on Three-Stage DEA-Tobit Model", Proceedings of the 2020 4th International Conference on Management Engineering, Software Engineering and Service Sciences, pp.239-244.
  37. Wang, M., X. Wu, Y. Xie and Y. Chiu (2022), "Comparative analysis of port efficiency in Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta: A meta Dynamic D.D.F approach", Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, pp.1-21.
  38. Yu, S., L. Gong and M. Qi (2022), "Efficiency Analysis of the Coastal Port Group in the Yangtze River Delta", Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol.10 No.11, pp.1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111575
  39. Zeng, Z., W. Yang, S. Zhang and F. Witlox (2020), "Analysing Airport Efficiency in East China using a Three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis", Transport, Vol.35 No.3, pp.255-272. https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12869
  40. Zhang, J. and L. Du (2018), "Efficiency Evaluation of Main Ports of the Yangtze River Main Line-Empirical Research Based on Three-Stage DEA Model", Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Transportation and Logistics, Information and Communication, Smart City (TLICSC 2018), Chengdu City, China.
  41. Zhang, J. and Y. Li (2021), "Research on the Efficiency of Beijing Tianjin Hebei Logistics Industry Based on Three Stage DEA Model", IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol.791 No.1, pp.1-5. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/791/1/012071
  42. Zhang, S. and W. Su (2019), "An Improved Evaluation Method on Port Efficiency Based on BP Neural Network", 2019 IEEE 8th Joint International Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Conference (ITAIC), pp.1311-1314.
  43. Zhang, X., J. Lu and Y. Peng (2021), "Efficiency Evaluation of Major Coastal Ports in China: Application of the Three-stage DEA Model", IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol.809 No.1, pp.1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/809/1/012019
  44. Zhu, B. and B. Lin (2021), "Efficiency Evaluation of Ports in Bohai Rim Region Based on Three-Stage DEA", International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, Vol17 No.3, pp.1067-1074.