The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (응용통계연구)

The Korean Statistical Society (한국통계학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Descriptive analysis of COVID-19 statistics across nations

OECD 국가별 코로나19의 기술 통계 분석

  • Ji-sun An (Department of Statistics, Korea University) ;
  • Mingue Park (Department of Statistics, Korea University)
  • Received : 2023.03.06
  • Accepted : 2023.03.24
  • Published : 2023.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that is hard to predict in terms of fatality rate, treatments, and the timing of its end. World is developing treatments and vaccines for COVID-19. Several treatments and vaccines currently have emergency use authorization, but the treatments are only allowed for critically ill patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the confirmed cases of COVID-19, including mortality and testing, in OECD countries and to assess the effect of vaccination on mortality. Looking at the confirmed cases, mortality, and vaccination rates of COVID-19, the number of confirmed cases was lower than previously reported cases after full vaccination. In early 2022, with Omicron, the confirmed cases increased sharply, while mortality dropped, and the mortality showed a gentle curve as the cumulative fully vaccinated exceeded 50%. This indicates that COVID-19 vaccines have an effect on reducing mortality. However, the duration of effectiveness of vaccines was considerably short, which decreased the initial inoculation effect and increased the monthly mortality. As this study was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was not enough data to analyze comprehensively. However, it is meaningful to compare and analyze the impact of COVID-19 by country.

신종감염병인 코로나19는 치명률과 전파력, 치료법이 밝혀지지 않은 상태이다. 게다가 종식 시기 마져 알 수 없어 상당한 신체·정신적 피해가 발생하고 있다. 이에 세계 각국은 코로나19 치료제 및 백신 개발에 힘쓰고 있으며 현재 몇 가지 치료제와 백신이 개발됨에 따라 긴급 승인으로 사용하고 있다. 그러나 치료제는 일부 중증환자들을 위해 사용되기에 대중적이지 않다. 따라서 본 연구는 백신 접종이 사망률에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 한다. 코로나19 확진율과 사망률, 백신접종률을 살펴보면, 2차 백신 접종 완료 후 확진율은 감소하였다. 2022년 초 오미크론으로 확진율은 다시 증가한 반면 사망률은 감소하였으며, 누적 백신 접종 완료율이 50% 이상 되면서 사망률은 완만한 곡선 형태를 보였다. 이는 백신 접종이 사망률에 영향을 주는 결과라 하겠다. 그러나 백신 효과의 지속성이 상당히 짧아, 누적 백신 접종 완료율이 100%에 가까워질수록 초기 접종 효과가 떨어지고 월별 사망률이 높아졌다. 본 연구는 코로나19 상황 속에서 진행된 연구로 데이터가 충분하지 않았다. 그러나 국가별로 코로나19의 영향을 비교·분석하는 것은 의미가 있으며, 본 연구가 코로나19에 대한 부족한 데이터를 채우고 다른 연구의 기초가 되기를 바란다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 성과는 정부 (과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임 (No.NRF-2022M3J6A1063595).

References

  1. BBC NEWS KOREA (2020.3.26.). Countries with and without masks, Available from: https://www.bbc.com/korean/news-52044990
  2. BUDAPEST BUSINESS JOURNAL (2017.11.20.). Doctors continue to leave Hungary, Available from: https://bbj.hu/budapest/culture/history/doctors-continue-to-leave-hungary
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021). Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against COVID19-associated hospitalization, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 70, 1294-1299. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7037e3
  4. Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (2021). Analysis of antibody persistence after completion of inoculation of COVID-19 vaccine introduced in Korea, PHWR, 14, 3694-3697.
  5. Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (2022). Latest trend of the COVID-19 booster vaccination 2022, PHWR, 15, 556-564.
  6. Kim N, Song E, Park E, Jun J, Byun J, and Moon J (2020). A Comparative Analysis of the Impact of European National Health Systems on COVID-19 Response, KIHASA, Available from: https://repository.kihasa.re.kr/handle/201002/36560
  7. Kim S (2016). Status and Prospects of the Polish Health and Medical Market, KHIDI, Available from: https://www.khiss.go.kr/board/view?pageNum=7&rowCnt=10&no1=257&linkId=62713&menuId=MENU00305&schType=0&schText=&boardStyle=&categoryId=&continent=&schStartChar=&schEndChar=&country=
  8. Lee S (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and mental health, JKNA, 60, 1.
  9. MOFA (2013.10.7.). Concerns about a deepening shortage of human resources in the EU, healthcare sector, Available from: https://overseas.mofa.go.kr/be-ko/brd/m7567/view.do?seq=1022015&srchFr=&%3BsrchTo=&%3BsrchWord=&%3BsrchTp=&%3Bmultiitmseq=0&%3Bitmseq1=0&%3Bitmseq2=0&%3Bcompanycd=&%3Bcompanynm=
  10. Son H (2020). Characteristics, response, and ripple effects of COVID-19 in Central and South America, IFANS, Available from: https://www.ifans.go.kr/knda/ifans/kor/pblct/PblctView.do?pblctDtaSn=13593&clCode=P01&menuCl=P01
  11. Song E, Moon J, Byun J, Jun J, and Kim N (2021). A comparative analysis on four European countries COVID-19 response: Focused on the 1st wave, HIRA RESEARCH, 1, 50-63. https://doi.org/10.52937/hira.21.1.1.50
  12. Yonhapnews (2020.10.2.). Protests against masks are increasing in Europe amid the spread of COVID-19, Available from: https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20200929197400098