Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science

korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science (물리치료재활과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Progressive Scapular Stabilization Exercise on Neck, Muscle Strength, Upper Extremity Function in Patients with Acute Whiplash Injury

  • In-Cheol Noh (Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health and Medicine, Daejeon University) ;
  • Won-Seob Shin (Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health and Medicine, Daejeon University)
  • Received : 2023.09.12
  • Accepted : 2023.09.25
  • Published : 2023.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a combination of progressive scapular stabilization exercises, neck and thoracic spine mobilization, and thermoelectric physical therapy on pain, range of motion, muscle strength, and function in patients with acute whiplash injury. Design: A randomized controlled trial design. Methods: A total of 24 subjects were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=12) that performed scapular stabilization exercises, neck and thoracic spine mobilization, and physiotherapy, and a control group (n=12) that only performed neck and thoracic spine mobilization and physiotherapy. The pre-test was conducted before the intervention and consisted of a total of 12 treatment sessions of 60 minutes each, three times a week. A posttest was conducted 4 weeks later. Pain, range of motion, muscle strength, and function were assessed before and after intervention. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in pain reduction and range of motion and muscle strength improvement in the experimental group, and a significant difference was also found between the experimental group and the control group in terms of functional evaluation. Conclusions: The combination of exercise therapy and joint mobilization technique and physical therapy resulted in greater improvements in pain, range of motion, strength, and function assessment, contributing to improved overall function.

Keywords

References

  1. KoROAD. Statistical Analysis of Traffic Accidents in 2021. KoROAD. 2021. 
  2. Elliot J, Noteboom J, Flynn T, Sterling M. Characterization of acute and chronic whiplash-associated disorders. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009;39(5):312-23.  https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2009.2826
  3. Park MS, Moon SH, Kim TH, Oh JK YM. Whiplash injury. Korean Soc Spine Surg. 2016;24(4):433-7. 
  4. Brison R, Hartling L, Pickett W. A prospective study of acceleration-extension injuries following rear-end motor vehicle collisions. J Musculoskelet Pain. 2000;8(1-2):97-113.  https://doi.org/10.1300/J094v08n01_08
  5. Cho HP, Kim YM. The Effects of Passive Coping Strategies in Pain and Function After Whiplash Injury. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2015;10(1):45-52.  https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2015.10.1.45
  6. Falla D, Jull G, Hodges P. Patients with neck pain demonstrate reduced electromyographic activity of the deep cervical flexor muscles during performance of the craniocervical flexion test. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29(19):2108-14.  https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000141170.89317.0e
  7. Helgadottir H, Kristjansson E, Einarsson E, Karduna A, Jonsson Jr H. Altered activity of the serratus anterior during unilateral arm elevation in patients with cervical disorders. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2011;21(6):947-53.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.07.007
  8. Bot S, Waal J, Terwee C, Windt D, Scholten R, Bouter L, et al. Predictors of outcome in neck and shoulder symptoms: a cohort study in general practice. Spine. 2005;30(16). 
  9. Ha SM, Kwon OH, Yi CH, Jeon HS LW. Effects of passive correction of scapular position on pain, proprioception, and range of motion in neck-pain patients with bilateral scapular downward-rotation syndrome. Man Ther. 2011;16(6):585-9.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2011.05.011
  10. Im JG, Lee JB, Lee HG, Yook TH, Kim JU. Effects of the Acupuncture Therapy in Combination with Soyeom Pharmacopuncture Therapy on Acute Whiplash Injury by Traffic Accident. J Acupuncture Research. 2011;28(4). 
  11. Song BY. A Clinical Study on the Effects of Sweet Bee Venom Herbal Acupuncture for Patients with Whiplash Injury. J Pharmacopuncture. 2007;10(3):77-83.  https://doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2007.10.3.077
  12. Ahn SW. The Effects of Modality, Taping and Joint Mobilization for Patients with Acute Whiplash-Associated Disorder: Case Study. J Korean Acad Orthop Man Phys Ther. 2012;18(1):73-82. 
  13. Jung SY, Kim SH, Seo YS, Lee AR, Lim KB, Jang DS, et al. The Effect Comparison of Mckenzie exercise and Conservative Physical Therapy on acute neck pain. Korean J Sports Med. 2011;7(1):9-16. 
  14. Cho HY, Choi HS. Effect of Combined Exercise Program Applying Cervical Joint Mobilization on Functional Variables and Pain Scale of Patients with Acute Neck Pain Caused by Whiplash Injury. J Sport Leis Stud. 2015;59:773-784.  https://doi.org/10.51979/KSSLS.2015.02.59.773
  15. Sullivan M, Thibault P, Simmonds M, Milioto M, Cantin A, Velly A. Pain, perceived injustice and the persistence of post-traumatic stress symptoms during the course of rehabilitation for whiplash injuries. Pain. 2009;145(3):325-331.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2009.06.031
  16. Gong WT, Cheun HJ Lee KM. The effect of cervical stabilized exercise and joint mobilization on maximum muscle strength and static muscle endurance of cervical region. J Korean Data Inf Sci. 2010;21(1):33-42. 
  17. Hwang DG, Lee JH, Moon SY, Park SW, Woo JH, Kim C. The reliability of the nonradiologic measures of thoracic spine rotation in healthy adults. Phys Ther Rehabil Sci. 2017;6(2):65-70.  https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2017.6.2.65
  18. Cleland J, Glynn P, Whiteman J, Eberhart S, MacDonald C, Childs J. Short-Term Effects of Thrust Versus Nonthrust Mobilization/Manipulation Directed at the Thoracic Spine in Patients with Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Phys Ther. 2007;87(4):431-40.  https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20060217
  19. Kalantari K, Ardestani S. The effect of base of support stability on shoulder muscle activity during closed kinematic chain exercises. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2014;18(2):233-8.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.08.005
  20. Lee YN, Shin MMS, Lee WH. Effects of shoulder stabilization exercise on pain and function in patients with neck pain. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(12):3619-22.  https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.3619
  21. Dehner C, Elbel M, Strobel P, Scheich M, Schneider F, Krischak G, et al. Grade II whiplash injuries to the neck: what is the benefit for patients treated by different physical therapy modalities? Patient Saf Surg. 2009;3(1):2. 
  22. Ekstrom R, Donatelli R, Soderberg G. Surface electromyographic analysis of exercises for the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33(5):247-58.  https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2003.33.5.247
  23. Hardwick D, Beebe J, Mcdonnell M, Lang C. A comparison of serratus anterior muscle activation during a wall slide exercise and other traditional exercises. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006;36(12):903-10.  https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2006.2306
  24. Maitland D, Hengeveld E, Banks K, et al. Maitland's Vertebral Manipulation (7th ed). Edinburgh. Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann. 2005. 
  25. MacDowall A, Skeppholm M, Robinson Y, Olerud C. Validation of the visual analog scale in the cervical spine. J Neurosurg Spine. 2018;28(3):227-35.  https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.5.SPINE1732
  26. Lee JD, Shin WS. Immediate effects of neuromuscular control exercise on neck pain, range of motion, and proprioception in persons with neck pain. Phys Ther Rehabil Sci. 2020;9(1):1-9.  https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2020.9.1.1
  27. Auffinger B, Lall R, Dahdaleh N, Wong A, Lam S, Koski T, et al. Measuring Surgical Outcomes in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Assessment of Minimum Clinically Important Difference. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):8-13.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067408
  28. Joo JK, Park SH, Shin WS. Comparison of the Effect of Ischemic Compression Therapy and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on the Trigger Point of the Upper Trapezius Muscle. J Korean Soc Integr Med. 2021;2021(2):141-52. 
  29. Soeters R, Damodar D, Borman N, Jacobson K, Shi J, Pillai R, et al. Accuracy of a Smartphone Software Application Compared With a Handheld Goniometer for Measuring Shoulder Range of Motion in Asymptomatic Adults. Orthop J Sport Med. 2023;11(7):1-6.  https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671231187297
  30. Franchignoni F, Vercelli S, Giodano A, Sartorio F, Bravini E, Ferriero G. Minimal clinically important difference of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand outcome measure (DASH) and its shortened version (quickDASH). J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014;44(1):30-9.  https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2014.4893
  31. Jang HJ, Kim SY, Jeon JG, Shin EJ. The Association Between Neck Pain/Disability and Upper Limb Disability in Patients with Non-Specific Neck Pain. J Korea Acad Coop Soc. 2013;14(6):2862-8.  https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2013.14.6.2862
  32. Bobos P, Nazari G, Lu Z, Macdermid J. Measurement Properties of the Hand Grip Strength Assessment: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil.2020;101(3):553-65.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2019.10.183
  33. Kwon IH, Shin WS. Characteristics of Muscle Strength and Posture among Automobile Parts Manufacturing Workers and the Necessity of the Musculoskeletal Injury Prevention Program. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2019;14(4):173-81.  https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2019.14.4.173
  34. Andrade G, Azevedo D, Lorentz I, Neto R, Pinho V, Goncalves R, et al. Influence of scapular position on cervical rotation range of motion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008;38(11):668-73.  https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2008.2820
  35. Jung YW, Yoon SW, Lee JW. The Effects of Therapeutic Exercise on the Grip Strength of Chronic Neck Pain Patients. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2009;4(2):73-8. 
  36. McDonnell G, Bell K Hawkins S. A pain in the neck. PMJ. 2000;76(891):57-60.  https://doi.org/10.1136/pmj.76.891.57
  37. McLean S, Moffett J, Sharp D, Gardiner E. An investigation to determine the association between neck pain and upper limb disability for patients with non-specific neck pain: A secondary analysis. Man Ther. 2011;16(5):434-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2011.01.003