DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Stochastic investigation on three-dimensional diffusion of chloride ions in concrete

  • Ye Tian (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University) ;
  • Yifei Zhu (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University) ;
  • Guoyi Zhang (School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University) ;
  • Zhonggou Chen (School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University) ;
  • Huiping Feng (Engineering Design and Research Institute of Rocket Force) ;
  • Nanguo Jin (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University) ;
  • Xianyu Jin (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University) ;
  • Hongxiao Wu (Engineering Design and Research Institute of Rocket Force) ;
  • Yinzhe Shao (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University) ;
  • Yu Liu (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University) ;
  • Dongming Yan (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University) ;
  • Zheng Zhou (China Construction Fifth Engineering Division Corp.,ltd) ;
  • Shenshan Wang (China Construction Fifth Engineering Division Corp.,ltd) ;
  • Zhiqiang Zhang (China Construction Fifth Engineering Division Corp.,ltd)
  • 투고 : 2023.01.04
  • 심사 : 2023.05.16
  • 발행 : 2023.09.25

초록

Due to the non-uniform distribution of meso-structure, the diffusion of chloride ions in concrete show the characteristics of characteristics of randomness and fuzziness, which leads to the non-uniform distribution of chloride ions and the non-uniform corrosion of steel rebar in concrete. This phenomenon is supposed as the main reason causing the uncertainty of the bearing capacity deterioration of reinforced concrete structures. In order to analyze and predict the durability of reinforced concrete structures under chloride environment, the random features of chloride ions transport in concrete were studied in this research from in situ meso-structure of concrete. Based on X-ray CT technology, the spatial distribution of coarse aggregates and pores were recognized and extracted from a cylinder concrete specimen. In considering the influence of ITZ, the in situ mesostructure of concrete specimen was reconstructed to conduct a numerical simulation on the diffusion of chloride ions in concrete, which was verified through electronic microprobe technology. Then a stochastic study was performed to investigate the distribution of chloride ions concentration in space and time. The research indicates that the influence of coarse aggregate on chloride ions diffusion is the synthetic action of tortuosity and ITZ effect. The spatial distribution of coarse aggregates and pores is the main reason leading to the non-uniform distribution of chloride ions both in spatial and time scale. The chloride ions concentration under a certain time and the time under a certain concentration both satisfy the Lognormal distribution, which are accepted by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Chi-square test. This research provides an efficient method for obtain mass stochastic data from limited but representative samples, which lays a solid foundation for the investigation on the service properties of reinforced concrete structures.

키워드

과제정보

This research is financially supported b, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52278223), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LGG22E080003), Integrated application of intelligent operation and maintenance technology for Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (2019YFB1600700), key military projects of rocket force (GXTC-A1-22780035).

참고문헌

  1. Abourizk, S.M., Halpin, D.W. and Wilson, J.R. (1991), "Visual interactive fitting of beta distributions", J. Constr. Eng. Manag., 117, 589-605. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1991)117:4(589).
  2. Abourizk, S.M., Halpin, D.W. and Wilson, J.R. (1994), "Fitting beta distributions based on sample data", J. Constr. Eng. Manag., 120, 288-305. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1994)120:2(288).
  3. Abyaneh, S.D., Wong, H.S. and Buenfeld, N.R. (2013), "Modelling the diffusivity of mortar and concrete using a three-dimensional mesostructure with several aggregate shapes", Comput. Mater. Sci., 78, 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.05.024.
  4. Abyaneh, S.D., Wong, H.S. and Buenfeld, N.R. (2014), "Computational investigation of capillary absorption in concrete using a three-dimensional mesoscale approach", Comput. Mater. Sci., 87, 54-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.01.058.
  5. Angst, U.M. and Polder, R. (2014), "Spatial variability of chloride in concrete within homogeneously exposed areas", Cement Concrete Res., 56, 40-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.10.010.
  6. Savija, B., Pacheco, J. and Schlangen, E. (2013), "Lattice modeling of chloride diffusion in sound and cracked concrete", Cement Concrete Compos., 42, 30-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.05.003.
  7. Basheer, L., Basheer, M., Long, A. and Harmon, N. (2005), "Autoclam permeability system for measuring absorption and permeability of concrete in the laboratory and on site", International Workshop, DURACRETE-2005, Permeability and Durability of Structural Concrete, Beijing, China, October.
  8. Bernard, F. and Kamali-Bernard, S. (2015), "Numerical study of ITZ contribution on mechanical behavior and diffusivity of mortars", Comput. Mater. Sci., 102, 250-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2015.02.016.
  9. Care, S. (2003), "Influence of aggregates on chloride diffusion coefficient into mortar", Cement Concrete Res., 33, 1021-1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00009-7.
  10. Clemmens, J.P. and Willenbrock, J.H. (1978), "The scrapesim computer simulation", J. Constr. Div. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., 104(4), 419-435. https://doi.org/10.1061/JCCEAZ.0000798.
  11. Delagrave, A., Bigas, J.P., Ollivier, J.P., Marchand, J. and Pigeon, M. (1997), "Influence of the interfacial zone on the chloride diffusivity of mortars", Adv. Cement Based Mater., 5, 86-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1065-7355(96)00008-9.
  12. Dong, B., Ding, W., Qin, S., Fang, G., Liu, Y., Dong, P., Han, S., Xing, F. and Hong, S. (2018), "3D visualized tracing of rebar corrosion-inhibiting features in concrete with a novel chemical self-healing system", Constr. Build. Mater., 168, 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.094.
  13. Dong, B., Fang, G., Liu, Y., Dong, P., Zhang, J., Xing, F. and Hong, S. (2017), "Monitoring reinforcement corrosion and corrosion-induced cracking by X-ray microcomputed tomography method", Cement Concrete Res., 100, 311-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.07.009.
  14. Du, C., Sun, L., Jiang, S. and Ying, Z. (2013), "Numerical simulation of aggregate shapes of three-dimensional concrete and its applications", J. Aerosp. Eng., 26, 515-527. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000181.
  15. Garboczi, E.J. and Bentz, D.P. (1996), "Modelling of the microstructure and transport properties of concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 10, 293-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(94)00019-0.
  16. Gu, X., Guo, H., Zhou, B., Zhang, W. and Jiang, C. (2018), "Corrosion non-uniformity of steel bars and reliability of corroded RC beams", Eng. Struct., 167, 188-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.04.020.
  17. Hong, J., Guo, L., Qiao, L. and Guo, X.M. (2010), "3D dynamic simulation for random-distributed aggregate model of plain concrete", Mater. Sci. Forum, 650, 56-62. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.650.56.
  18. Huang, Y., Yan, D., Yang, Z. and Liu, G. (2016), "2D and 3D homogenization and fracture analysis of concrete based on in-situ X-ray computed tomography images and Monte Carlo simulations", Eng. Fract. Mech., 163, 37-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2016.06.018.
  19. Darma, I.S., Sugiyama, T. and Promentilla, M.A.B. (2013), "Application of X-ray CT to study diffusivity in cracked concrete through the observation of tracer transport", J. Adv. Concrete Technol., 11, 266-281. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.11.266.
  20. Wei, J., Wang, T. and Dong, R.Z (2010), "Influencing research of chloride on reinforced concrete material under dry-wet cycle", Concrete, 224, 4-6.
  21. Jiang, H., Tian, Y., Jin, N., Jin, X., Tian, Z., Yan, D. and Ye, H. (2020), "Effect of aggregates spatial distribution on three-dimensional transport of chloride ions in reinforced concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 259, 119694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119694.
  22. Kreijger, P.C (1984), "The skin of concrete-composition and properties", Mater. Struct., 17, 275-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479083.
  23. Li, H., Wang, B. and Chen, J. (2015), "The finite element modeling method of concrete aggregate randomly distributed in three-dimensional space", ICIC Express Lett., 9, 951-958.
  24. Lin, L., Shen, D., Chen, H. and Xu, W. (2014), "Aggregate shape effect on the diffusivity of mortar: A 3D numerical investigation by random packing models of ellipsoidal particles and of convex polyhedral particles", Comput. Struct., 144, 40-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2014.07.022.
  25. Ma, H., Song, L. and Xu, W. (2018), "A novel numerical scheme for random parameterized convex aggregate models with a high-volume fraction of aggregates in concrete-like granular materials", Comput. Struct., 209, 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2018.08.004.
  26. Ma, H., Xu, W. and Li, Y. (2016), "Random aggregate model for mesoscopic structures and mechanical analysis of fully-graded concrete", Comput. Struct., 177, 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2016.09.005.
  27. Moradllo, M.K., Hu, Q. and Ley, M.T. (2017), "Using X-ray imaging to investigate in-situ ion diffusion in cementitious materials", Constr. Build. Mater., 136, 88-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.038.
  28. Pan, Z., Xin, R. and Chen, A. (2014), "Chloride diffusivity of concrete: probabilistic characteristics at meso-scale", Comput. Concrete, 13, 187-207. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2014.13.2.187.
  29. Scrivener, K.L. and Nemati, K.M. (1996), "The percolation of pore space in the cement paste/aggregate interfacial zone of concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 26, 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(95)00185-9.
  30. Shah, S.P (2000), "High performance concrete: Past, present and future", High Performance Concrete -Workability, Strength and Durability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
  31. Tian, Y., Chen, C., Jin, N., Jin, X., Tian, Z., Yan, D. and Yu, W. (2019), "An investigation on the three-dimensional transport of chloride ions in concrete based on X-ray computed tomography technology", Constr. Build. Mater., 221, 443-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.144.
  32. Tian, Y., Tian, Z., Jin, N., Jin, X. and Yu, W. (2018), "A multiphase numerical simulation of chloride ions diffusion in concrete using electron microprobe analysis for characterizing properties of ITZ", Constr. Build. Mater., 178, 432-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.047.
  33. Tian, Y., Zhang, G., Jin, X., Jin, N., Ye, H., Yan, D. and Tian, Z. (2020), "A comparison study on the natural and half-soaking galvanic accelerated corrosion of reinforced concrete based on an improved electrochemical model", Constr. Build. Mater., 261, 120515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120515.
  34. Weiping, Z. and Li, C. (2014), "Random constitutive relationship of corroded steel bars", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 17, 920-926.
  35. Weyers, R.E. (1998), "Service life model for concrete structures in chloride laden environments", ACI Mater. J., 95, 445-453. https://doi.org/10.14359/387.
  36. Yang, C.C. and Su, J.K. (2002), "Approximate migration coefficient of interfacial transition zone and the effect of aggregate content on the migration coefficient of mortar", Cement Concrete Res., 32, 1559-1565. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00832-3.
  37. Zhang, G., Tian, Y., Jin, X., Zeng, Q., Jin, N., Yan, D. and Tian, Z. (2020), "A self-balanced electrochemical model for corrosion of reinforcing steel bar in considering the micro-environments in concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 254, 119116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119116.
  38. Zhang, J., Wang, Z., Yang, H., Wang, Z. and Shu, X. (2018), "3D meso-scale modeling of reinforcement concrete with high volume fraction of randomly distributed aggregates", Constr. Build. Mater., 164, 350-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.229.
  39. Zhang, W., Zhou, B., Gu, X. and Dai, H. (2014), "Probability distribution model for cross-sectional area of corroded reinforcing steel bars", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 26, 822-832. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000888.
  40. Zheng, J. (2000), "Mesostructure of concrete - Stereological analysis and some mechanical implications", Doctoral Thesis, Aerospace Engineering, Delft University, Delft, The Netherlands.