Journal of Christian Education in Korea (기독교교육논총)

The Korean Society of Christian Religious Education (한국기독교교육학회)
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Research on Spiritual Direction in the Korean Protestant Context

한국 개신교 상황에서 영적 지도 연구

  • Received : 2023.02.23
  • Accepted : 2023.03.29
  • Published : 2023.03.30
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Abstract

In Korean Protestantism, interest in Christian spirituality has grown significantly since the 1980s. Spirituality is now studied and used as a crucial term and topic in theology and ministry. As research on spirituality expanded to various areas of study and ministry and various topics related to spirituality were dealt with, research on spiritual direction also began. Oe-Shik Kim and Hae-Yong Yoo, who studied in North America, are the early scholars who began to study spiritual direction in Korean Protestantism in the 1990s. Their research has influenced Korean Protestant scholars and pastors to understand spiritual direction and apply it to seminary education and the Korean Protestant churches. Spiritual direction has been practiced in the Korean church in the form and content of faith education, spiritual training, devotional training, discipleship training, small groups, and pastoral counseling. The spiritual direction practiced by Eastern, Western, and monastic traditions throughout Christian history is not shared by Korean Protestants. Because Korean Protestantism has developed a unique spiritual tradition in the Korean context, its contents and forms of spiritual direction reflect the Korean context. Korean Protestants are more familiar with Tongsung Kido, early morning prayer, Bible study or Bible meditation, and small groups than contemplative traditions and individual spiritual direction. Thirty years have passed since research on spiritual direction began. The Korean Protestant academia needs to critically reflect on its research and practice. Spiritual direction is a term and tradition of different Christian cultures around the world and is part of Christian history and tradition. Korean Protestant scholars and church ministers need to accept the concept and application of spiritual direction considering the context and spiritual tradition of Korean Protestant churches, a flexible understanding, perspective, and attitude toward the concept and application of spiritual direction in Korean Protestant churches are needed.

연구 목적 : 본 연구는 한국 개신교 상황에서 영적 지도에 관한 연구가 초기부터 현재까지 영적 지도의 정의, 역사, 적용 등을 어떻게 다루어 왔는지 분석하는 것을 주목적으로 한다. 영적 지도를 중심 주제로 연구를 시작한 학자들과 이후 다양한 학자들에 의해 수행된 연구의 내용을 분석하고 한국 개신교회 상황에서 이들의 연구가 보여주는 영적 지도에 관한 함의를 논의하고자 한다. 연구 내용 및 방법 : 1980년대 이래로 한국 개신교회에서 기독교 영성에 관한 관심이 크게 늘었고 영성은 신학과 목회의 중요한 주제로 연구되고 적용되었다. 영성에 관한 연구가 학문과 목회의 여러 영역으로 확대되고 영성에 관한 다양한 주제가 다루어지면서 영적 지도에 관한 연구 또한 시작되었다. 북미에서 공부한 김외식과 유해룡은 1990년대부터 한국 개신교에서 영적 지도를 연구하기 시작한 초기 학자에 속하고 이들의 연구는 한국 개신교 학자와 목회자가 영적 지도를 이해하고 신학교육과 교회에 적용하는 데 영향을 준다. 영적 지도는 신앙 교육, 영적 훈련, 경건 훈련, 제자 훈련, 소그룹, 목회 상담 등의 내용과 형식으로 한국 교회에서 실천되었지만, 기독교 역사에서 동방교회, 서방교회, 수도원 전통이 행해온 영적 지도와 같은 개념, 내용, 형식의 것은 아니다. 한국 개신교는 한국적 토양에서 독특한 영적 전통을 발전시켜 왔기 때문에 한국적 상황을 반영한 영적 지도의 내용과 형태를 갖추게 되었다. 한국 개신교는 관상 기도나 관상적 삶과 같은 관상 전통과 개인 영적 지도보다 통성기도, 새벽기도, 성경 공부나 묵상, 소그룹에 더 익숙하고 이를 통해 신앙생활을 유지해 왔다. 영적 지도에 관한 연구가 시작된 지 30년이 지난 상황에서 영적 지도를 연구하고 실천하는 한국 개신교회는 지금까지의 연구와 실천을 비판적으로 돌아보아야 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 영적 지도를 연구한 학자들의 논문과 서적을 분석하고 영적 지도를 어떻게 정의하고 신학의 다른 분야에서 어떻게 활용하고 있는지 살펴본다. 특히 영적 지도에 관한 초기 한국 교회의 상황을 알려주는 자료들과 현재 학자들의 연구 논문을 함께 살펴보면서 영적 지도의 변화와 흐름을 재구성한다. 결론 및 제언 : 영적 지도는 다양한 개념과 형태로 여러 분야에서 활용될 수 있는 기독교 역사와 전통의 한 부분이라는 인식을 통해 한국 개신교 영성에 적합하게 활용하고자 하는 영적 지도의 개념과 적용에 대한 유연한 이해와 관점이 필요하다.

Keywords

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