Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research

The Korean Vaccine Society (대한백신학회)
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New typhoid vaccine using sponge-like reduced protocol: development and evaluation

  • Rehab Bahy (Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University) ;
  • Asmaa Gaber (Department of Microbiology, General Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)) ;
  • Hamdallah Zedan (Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University) ;
  • Mona Mabrook (Department of Microbiology, General Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR))
  • Received : 2022.08.01
  • Accepted : 2022.11.22
  • Published : 2023.01.31
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Abstract

Purpose: Typhoid remains a major health problem, especially in the developing world. Furthermore, the emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains of Salmonella typhi added a sense of urgency to develop more effective typhoid vaccines, one of which is bacterial ghosts (BGs), prepared by both genetic and chemical means. The chemical method includes incubation with numerous agents for a short time at their minimum inhibitory or minimum growth concentrations. This study included the preparation of BGs by a sponge-like reduced protocol (SLRP). Materials and Methods: Critical concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate, NaOH, and H2O2 were used. Moreover, high-quality BGs were visualized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Subculturing was used to confirm the absence of vital cells. Besides, the concentrations of the released DNA and protein were estimated spectrophotometrically. In addition, the integrity of cells was proved by visualizing Gram-stained cells using a light microscope. Furthermore, a comparison between the immunogenicity and safety of the prepared vaccine and the available whole-cell killed vaccine was established. Results: Improved preparation of high-quality BGs of S. typhi, visualized by SEM, revealed punctured cells with intact outer shells. Moreover, the absence of vital cells was confirmed by subculturing. At the same time, the release of respective amounts of proteins and DNA is another evidence of BGs' production. Additionally, the challenge test provided evidence that the prepared BGs are immunogenic and have the same efficacy as the whole cell vaccine. Conclusion: The SLRP provided a simple, economical, and feasible method for BGs preparation.

Keywords

References

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