Anatomy and Cell Biology

Korean Association of Anatomists (대한해부학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The laryngopharyngeal nerve: a comprehensive review

  • Stephen Shapiro (Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System ) ;
  • Andrew L. Parker (Tulane University School of Medicine) ;
  • Juan J. Cardona (Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine) ;
  • Arada Chaiyamoon (Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Francisco Reina (Medical Sciences Department, Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neurosciences Research Group, University of Girona) ;
  • Ana Carrera (Medical Sciences Department, Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neurosciences Research Group, University of Girona) ;
  • Joe Iwanaga (Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine) ;
  • Aaron S. Dumont (Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine) ;
  • R. Shane Tubbs (Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System)
  • Received : 2022.12.10
  • Accepted : 2023.02.06
  • Published : 2023.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The laryngopharyngeal nerve has received much less attention that the other contributions to the pharyngeal plexus i.e., glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Often, in descriptions and depictions, the nerve is simply labeled as the sympathetic contribution to the pharyngeal plexus. As there is such scant information available regarding this nerve, the present review was performed. Very little is found in the extant medical literature regarding the laryngopharyngeal nerve. However, based on available data, the nerve is a consistent contributory to the pharyngeal plexus and serves other adjacent areas e.g., carotid body. Therefore, a better understanding of this structure's anatomy is important for those who operate in this area. Further studies are necessary to better elucidate the true function of the laryngopharyngeal nerve.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors sincerely thank those who donated their bodies to science so that anatomical research could be performed. Results from such research can potentially increase mankind's overall knowledge that can then improve patient care. Therefore, these donors and their families deserve our highest gratitude. The authors state that every effort was made to follow all local and international ethical guidelines and laws that pertain to the use of human cadaveric donors in anatomical research [29, 30].

References

  1. Tibbetts PE. Neuroanatomical terminology: a lexicon of classical origins and historical foundations by Larry W. Swanson. Q Rev Biol 2015;90:223-4.  https://doi.org/10.1086/681483
  2. Willis T. Cerebri anatome: cui accessit nervorum descriptio et usus]. London: Typis Tho. Roycroft, Impensis Jo. Martyn & Ja. Allestry; 1664. 
  3. Vieussens R. Neurographia universalis. Apud Joannem Certe Lugduni; 1684. 
  4. Huber JJ. Epistola anatomica de nervo intercostali de nervis octavi et noni paris deqve accessorio; nonnvlla tradens ad virvm ilustrem D.D. Wolrath wigand potentissimi svecorvm regis consiliarivm et archiatrvm ioh. Iacobi huberi D. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck; 1744. 
  5. Neubauer JE. Descriptio anatomica nervorum cardiacorum. In Officina Fleischeriana; 1772. 
  6. Lobstein JF. De nervi sympathetici humani fabrica, usu et morbis, commentatio anatomico-physiologico-pathologica. Levrault; 1823. 
  7. Moriyama H, Shimada K, Goto N. Morphometric analysis of neurons in ganglia: geniculate, submandibular, cervical spinal and superior cervical. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1995;72:185-90.  https://doi.org/10.2535/ofaj1936.72.4_185
  8. Kameda Y, Saitoh T, Nemoto N, Katoh T, Iseki S. Hes1 is required for the development of the superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic trunk and the carotid body. Dev Dyn 2012;241:1289-300.  https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.23819
  9. Maningat AL, Munakomi S. Neuroanatomy, superior cervical ganglion. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2022. 
  10. Yokota H, Mukai H, Hattori S, Yamada K, Anzai Y, Uno T. MR imaging of the superior cervical ganglion and inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve: structures that can mimic pathologic retropharyngeal lymph nodes. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018;39:170-6.  https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5434
  11. Janfaza P. Surgical anatomy of the head and neck. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001. 
  12. Tubbs RS, Salter G, Wellons JC 3rd, Oakes WJ. Blood supply of the human cervical sympathetic chain and ganglia. Eur J Morphol 2002;40:283-8.  https://doi.org/10.1076/ejom.40.5.283.28905
  13. Goosmann MM, Dalvin M. Anatomy, head and neck, deep petrosal nerve. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2022. 
  14. Waxenbaum JA, Reddy V, Bordoni B. Anatomy, head and neck, cervical nerves. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2022. 
  15. Fazliogullari Z, Kilic C, Karabulut AK, Yazar F. A morphometric analysis of the superior cervical ganglion and its surrounding structures. Surg Radiol Anat 2016;38:299-302.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-015-1551-3
  16. Gutierrez S, Iwanaga J, Pekala P, Yilmaz E, Clifton WE, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS. The pharyngeal plexus: an anatomical review for better understanding postoperative dysphagia. Neurosurg Rev 2021;44:763-72.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-020-01303-5
  17. Nurse CA, Piskuric NA. Signal processing at mammalian carotid body chemoreceptors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013;24:22-30.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.09.006
  18. Razipour SE, Zarrintan S, Mathkour M, Iwanaga J, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS. Review of the external carotid plexus: anatomy, function, and clinical manifestations. Anat Cell Biol 2021;54:137-42.  https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.20.308
  19. Mu L, Sanders I. Neuromuscular specializations within human pharyngeal constrictor muscles. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2007;116:604-17.  https://doi.org/10.1177/000348940711600809
  20. Lima AF, Moreira FC, Menezes A, Dias L. Cervical ganglioneuroma in pediatric age: a case report. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018;56:237-40.  https://doi.org/10.5152/tao.2018.3690
  21. Hara I, Tanuma K, Suzuki K. [Morphology of the ganglion cervicale superius in human fetuses and an adult]. Kaibogaku Zasshi 1993;68:544-63. Japanese. 
  22. Nourinezhad J, Mazaheri Y, Biglari Z. Detailed anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015;298:1479-91.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23169
  23. Sisson S, Grossman JD, Getty R. Sisson and Grossman's the anatomy of the domestic animals. 5th ed. Saunders; 1975. 
  24. Ari HH, Soyguder Z, Cinaroglu S. Macroanatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion in Angora goats. Vet Med 2010;55:389-93.  https://doi.org/10.17221/2952-VETMED
  25. Hedger JH, Webber RH. Anatomical study of the cervical sympathetic trunk and ganglia in the albino rat (Mus norvegicus albinus). Acta Anat (Basel) 1976;96:206-17.  https://doi.org/10.1159/000144674
  26. Kabak M. The gross anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Vet Res Commun 2007;31:1-7.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-006-3398-x
  27. Nieuwenhuys R, Donkelaar HJ, Nicholson C. The central nervous system of vertebrates. Springer; 1997. 
  28. Gaskell WH. On the structure, distribution and function of the nerves which innervate the visceral and vascular systems. J Physiol 1886;7:1-80.9.  https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1886.sp000207
  29. Iwanaga J, Singh V, Ohtsuka A, Hwang Y, Kim HJ, Morys J, Ravi KS, Ribatti D, Trainor PA, Sanudo JR, Apaydin N, Sengul G, Albertine KH, Walocha JA, Loukas M, Duparc F, Paulsen F, Del Sol M, Adds P, Hegazy A, Tubbs RS. Acknowledging the use of human cadaveric tissues in research papers: recommendations from anatomical journal editors. Clin Anat 2021;34:2-4.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23671
  30. Iwanaga J, Singh V, Takeda S, Ogeng'o J, Kim HJ, Morys J, Ravi KS, Ribatti D, Trainor PA, Sanudo JR, Apaydin N, Sharma A, Smith HF, Walocha JA, Hegazy AMS, Duparc F, Paulsen F, Del Sol M, Adds P, Louryan S, Fazan VPS, Boddeti RK, Tubbs RS. Standardized statement for the ethical use of human cadaveric tissues in anatomy research papers: recommendations from Anatomical Journal Editors-in-Chief. Clin Anat 2022;35:526-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.23849