Anatomy and Cell Biology

Korean Association of Anatomists (대한해부학회)
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Novel anatomical guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin injection in the mentalis muscle: a review

  • Kyu-Ho Yi (Wonju Public Health Center) ;
  • Ji-Hyun Lee (Department of Anatomy and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University) ;
  • Hye-Won Hu (Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry) ;
  • Hyun-Jun Park (Maylin Anti-Aging Center Apgujeong) ;
  • Hyungkyu Bae (Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry) ;
  • Kangwoo Lee (Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry) ;
  • Hee-Jin Kim (Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry)
  • Received : 2022.12.22
  • Accepted : 2023.01.25
  • Published : 2023.09.30
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Abstract

The mentalis muscle is a paired muscle originating from the alveolar bone of the mandible. This muscle is the main target muscle for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection therapy, which aims to treat cobblestone chin caused by mentalis hyperactivity. However, a lack of knowledge on the anatomy of the mentalis muscle and the properties of BoNT can lead to side effects, such as mouth closure insufficiency and smile asymmetry due to ptosis of the lower lip after BoNT injection procedures. Therefore, we have reviewed the anatomical properties associated with BoNT injection into the mentalis muscle. An up-to-date understanding of the localization of the BoNT injection point according to mandibular anatomy leads to better injection localization into the mentalis muscle. Optimal injection sites have been provided for the mentalis muscle and a proper injection technique has been described. We have suggested optimal injection sites based on the external anatomical landmarks of the mandible. The aim of these guidelines is to maximize the effects of BoNT therapy by minimizing the deleterious effects, which can be very useful in clinical settings.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent was received from the families of the deceased patients before beginning the dissection. The authors sincerely thank those who donated their bodies to science for anatomical research. The results of such research can aid in mankind's overall knowledge, which can improve patient care. Therefore, these donors and their families deserve the greatest gratitude.

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